Elena Chukovskaia: engobomi, ubomi lobuqu, usapho, umngcwabo

Elena Tsezarevna Chukovskaia yafumana udumo njengomntu ofundileyo yemichiza. ubomi sakhe baphenjelelwa Second World War, ngokutsha, kunye nezinye izihlandlo eliqaqambileyo entsonkothileyo kwimbali Russian.

ebuntwaneni

Agasti 6, 1931 entsatsheni sikaKesare Volpe kunye Lidii Korneevny Chukovskoy intombi, ngubani ogama uHelen. Kwiminyaka embalwa emva kokuzalwa ngabazali bakhe umtshato, unina phantse nangoko watshata Matveya Bronshteyna.

Elena wazalwa eLeningrad. Noko ke, kubantwana abancinci yena echithwayo kule mzi ixeshana elincinane. Ngowe-1937, yamachiza yiSoviet, wabanjwa, isigwebo sokufa wabulawa emva kwetyala emfutshane. Lo mgaqo-nkqubo weqela elilawulayo ngokumalunga abantu bathe bafunyanwa benetyala yokumisela ithuba ukubanjwa kunye nezalamane, kule meko unina Helena. nto noLidiya Korneevna Chukovskaya isigqibo sokushiya iLeningrad waza waya kuhlala ngexesha kayise Korney Chukovsky oko.

Ubomi Tashkent

Ngexesha lemfazwe Elena Tsezarevna kunye nomama wakhe ukuba phantse nangoko bakhutshwe ku Tashkent. Kunye nabo, kwaye iya nomzala.

studentship

Eyona ndlela iphambili yomsebenzi professional Elena ukhetha chemistry emva kwemfazwe ngowe-1948 wangena Faculty of Chemistry kwi-Institute State eMoscow. Kweli nqanaba, uyisemkhulu esebenza kwi lwencwadi ngqangi "Chukokkala" ntoni xa begula kumnceda umzukulwana.

Ukuba utatomkhulu wanceda kakhulu elininzi azinampembelelo ikamva mhlalutyi boncwadi. Kwidayari yakhe yobuqu Korney Chukovsky waphawula ukuba umzukulwana wakhe icwangciswe kakuhle ngokucacileyo okuhlukana embi okulungileyo.

nomsebenzi professional

Emva kweminyaka 6 yoqeqesho Elena Chukovskaya, osapho lwakhe nityhubela nzima, uye waphumelela eyunivesithi ngo-1954. Phantse nangoko, uthabathe emsebenzini kwi-Research Institute of Organoelement iikhompawundi, apho wayesebenza kude 1987 kuye.

Kulo lonke ixesha kwakhe wazibonakalisa njengoko ekhemesti abanetalente. Phantsi kolwalathiso Robert H. Freidlin Chukovskaia ngo-1962 wayezithethelela ithisisi yakhe, ukuba nizuze degree lwenzululwazi yomviwa of Sciences imichiza.

Ekuhambeni nophuhliso lwemisebenzi ibhalwe amaphepha eziliqela zenzululwazi ezinxulumene eziphilayo chemistry, uHelen waba co-nombhali ngodaba.

Ukukhetha le Faculty of Chemistry

Komnye ndlebe zakhe Elena Chukovskaya waxelela yaba indlela yemichiza. Ngokutsho kwakhe, ukhetho kubangelwe ngengozi. Waye enxulumene nesibakala sokuba esi sikolo kwagqitywa ngo-1949 - ixesha inkwantyisayo kwicala lezingluntu. Bekuthi ngeengxaki ezifunyanwa ngunina notatomkhulu, ngubani agxothwayo yonke, kunye nemisebenzi zabo azizingenisanga ishicilelwe. Ezi iimeko ukuba ukhethe isicelo kuyo.

Kuba Elena umsebenzi mkhulu wakhe "Chukokkala" iye yaba ngokwenene ubomi babo. Kwathi emva kokufa umbhali kunye ilifa lwencwadi kuye ucele indlu zokupapasha "Art", kunye namalungiselelo baqalisa ukuba imveliso ukushicilela. Ngelo xesha, waba umsebenzi owuthandayo zoncwadi: ekhemesti ngu umsebenzi umdla ukusebenza iifayile kunye namanqaku, kulungiswe imisebenzi. Ngeli xesha wadibana ne Solzhenitsyn. Emva kwexesha emva kokuthathwa ngogcino uAleksandr Isaevich wayehlala ekuqaleni kweli lizwe, yaye emva koko kwi Chukovsky yokuhlala.

Ulwazi olunomdla ingabizwa ukuba xa utatomkhulu wakhe uhlala Elena Chukovskaia akazibandakanyi imicimbi yakhe. Emva ethatha archive uye wanikezela ubomi bakhe kamva ukugcinakala kwayo nokupapasha. Lidla amava abanzi sele ifunyenwe kwiincwadi ngexesha self-nokupapasha iinkqubo kunye nokuhanjiswa isebenza Solzhenitsyn abahlala kulo Ryazan. Nokuba phantsi isisongelo yokubulawa ukugxothwa emisebenzini epapashwe ngasese kwaye ngokungekho asasazwa elikomkhulu kunye nezinye izixeko USSR.

imisebenzi zoncwadi

Nangona yinzondelelo enkulu ekufundeni chemistry, kwakunye umsebenzi esebenzayo zasemsebenzini Elena Chukovskaia lihlawula ingqalelo kakhulu le ncwadi. Njengoko kuchaziwe ngaphambili, nkqu ebuntwaneni sele nempembelelo utatomkhulu, idala Elena uthando uncwadi lweendidi ngeendidi ezahlukeneyo zeetekisi.

Emva Ukuqhelana Solzhenitsyn kunye nemisebenzi yakhe Elena Chukovskaia iqalisa amnike uhlobo olwahlukileyo uncedo. Ukunxibelelana, baqala ngo-1960 kwangethuba yaye waqhubeka nasemva kokuba ukugxothwa Solzhenitsyn ukusuka eSoviet Union.

Solzhenitsyn malunga Elena Tsezarevne Chukovskaia

Kwisincoko sakhe "I Oak kunye ithole" Solzhenitsyn kwindawo eyahlukileyo ebizwa ngokuba "Man Ungabonakaliyo" Ùve malunga uncedo kubantu ezahlukeneyo ngexesha lobunzima. Kweli candelo, ithi ngakumbi incoko yakhe Elena ngexesha abahlala eSoviet Union phantsi isisongelo lokubanjwa.

Njengoko ekhemesti ngempumelelo, Elena Chukovskaia, ogama engobomi ayizange lula kwaye esibhakabhakeni, ndawo ziyathethwa, walungelelanisa iintlanganiso kunye nabantu ekunene udliwano amangqina ezahlukeneyo abantu, izenzo ezingekho mthethweni karhulumente nxamnye Solzhenitsyn, iprintwe imiqulu emihlanu iminyaka emi-3. Ngokutsho kombhali, wayelungele ngengqondo kokubanjwa kwakhe, ezinokuba nempembelelo kwi lonke kwisangqa lwakhe olusondeleyo kubahlobo, kodwa akoyiki nto. Kwimeko ukubanjwa yena babekulungele ukuba baziphathe nkqubo ukuziphatha ethile, leyo yayisekelwe kwinto yokuba eyona nto ibalulekileyo - mazingabhidaniswa ubungqina yaye akazange kufuneka asinakuyikhanyela loo nto. Kwisincoko, kwaye kwaqatshelwa ukuba kwimeko kokubanjwa Elena njengoko zobu ngekufanelekile kwindawo ukukhuthaza iincwadi Russian.

Ulwazi olunomdla nga kuthiwe kwizifundo ezininzi zange avume, kodwa nangona oku Chukovskaia wanceda Solzhenitsyn kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

Ukufa K. I. Chukovskogo

KI Chukovsky wafa ngo-1968. Zonke noovimba amalungelo kunye nemisebenzi zoncwadi esasulela intombi yakhe, umzukulwana. Noko ke, nangona ukutshintshwa amalungelo, iingxaki ezininzi kuba ziindlalifa yaba ukupapashwa "Chukokkala", nto leyo inxaxheba ekubhalweni Elena ebudeni beminyaka umfundi. Uhlelo lokuqala wakhululwa ngowe-1979, yaye kuphela ekupheleni-90 Almanac iye yakhutshwa ngokupheleleyo.

Imbali kumzabalazo upapasho yathatha iminyaka emininzi. Eli isincoko xesha "kwimbali yobomi ku Chukokkala" linikezelwe. Oku kubonisa abantu ngendlela abemrhawule umbhali kwiminyaka yakhe yokugqibela yobomi bakhe, wazama ukuba umngeni ungasekunene lwencwadi kwaye isigqibo ukuba imisebenzi yabo Chukovskogo intombi kunye umzukulwana wakhe.

House-Museum of Korney Chukovsky

E Peredelkino, apho wayehlala yimbangi "Chukokkala" wadalwa ekhaya-museum sungula ku ebomini bakhe kunye nomsebenzi. Ngexesha lokufa kwaye emva koko abasemagunyeni abazange banikele ingqalelo umnqweno abantu yokulondoloza ubuchule kunye umbhali webali, kodwa umzukulwana wakhe nentombi babesoloko umgudu ukuvula nokugcina myuziyam. Ngoku, emva kokufa umzukulwana wakhe, iyaqhubeka ukusebenza.

La maxwebhu azizikhokelo yokuqala intsimbi kunye nomzukulwana Clara Israelevna Lozovskaya - unobhala yombhali.

Ngo-1996, umama uyafa Elena Tsezarevny Chukovskaia. Emva kokufa kwakhe, waqalisa ukusebenza kwayo amaphepha yokugcina nokupapashwa. Ngokwenza njalo, kusiza zh. O. Havkina.

Publications Elena Tsezarevny Chukovskaia

Imisebenzi edumileyo, eyaqala ukupapasha ngo-1974, ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1. "Buyela Solzhenitsyn USSR ngummi". Uhlelo yakhululwa ngo-1988. Oku kusekelwe nolwalamano lobuqu umbhali, uvavanyo isimilo sakhe sengqondo.
2. Ukuqokelelwa amanqaku malunga Solzhenitsyn ezibhaliweyo ngentsebenziswano ne Vladimir Gloritserom. Ingqokelela "Ilizwi ifumana indlela yayo" yakhululwa ngo-1998.
3. Iinkumbulo Boris Pasternak (1988).

Njengoko sibonile ngaphambili, eliphilayo Chukovskaia nempembelelo kakhulu kunxibelelwano Solzhenitsyn. Oku kuboniswa umsebenzi wakhe wokudala.

Ixesha elininzi kwiminyaka yokugqibela yobomi bakhe yena wanikela ukulungiswa kunye nokupapasha imisebenzi ezabhalwa ngumama notatomkhulu wakhe. isimo sayo nesimilo kwifayile ukuba ukupapashwa imisebenzi ezifana "The House of the Imbongi", "umgcana wentetho", "Diary" Korney Chukovsky, kwakunye ebhalelwa koyise nentombi, ababedlala kunye umsebenzi ngobuchule.

Yanyatheliswa oluninzi amaphepha, nto leyo ehlaziya nemisebenzi nezalamane zabo. Ukuze uqonde eminye imisebenzi, kuyimfuneko ukwazi oko kubhalwe ixesha lobomi.

Elena Chukovskaia: uthando ubomi

Kwi ubomi lobuqu Elena Tsezarevny Chukovskaia phantse nto iyaziwa. Zonke ii-wanika kule minyaka yokugqibela yobomi bakhe ezinxulumene kuphela nemisebenzi yakhe zoncwadi. Elena Tsezarevna Chukovskaia ubomi lwangasese sigqunywe umkhusane emfihlekweni, emva kokufa mkhulu kwakhe onke amagunya esityalwe kuvuselelwa ugcino kanina. Thina kuphela uyazi ukuba abantwana yena akabi watshata ngokusemthethweni akazange aphume.

Elena Chukovskaia: umngcwabo

Elena Tsezarevna wasweleka Januwari 3, 2015 eMoscow nge 83 th ngonyaka ubomi. Kuye wangcwatyelwa Peredelkino emangcwabeni, kufuphi emangcwabeni nonina, umakhulu kunye notatomkhulu. Uvalelisa wawa phezu holide iKrismesi Orthodox, kukho umsitho wahlelwa kwiNdlu Russian Kuhlala Kwezinye Iindawo. Nokuba Solzhenitsyn Elena akazange avume kwimiba ephathelele ukholo. Mhlawumbi kunjalo, okanye ngenxa Amatheko hayi zibanjwa yomngcwabo ecaweni.