Darwin Reserve: ubukumkani iziqithi nja-

Biosphere reserves - iindawo ngokukodwa ekhethiweyo ekhuselweyo ziyilelwe ukulondoloza inkqubo yendalo self-elawula zendalo. Nature kule mimandla idla kushunyayelwe kuyo, "zasendle" okanye etshintshiweyo kancinane Umsebenzi zabantu. Biosphere reserves eRashiya, kwakunye nazo zonke ezinye iintlobo imimandla ekhuselweyo, nikeza ngokupheleleyo ngaphaya nawuphi na umsebenzi yezoqoqosho. Le mibutho zisebenza ngokwesakhelo kweNkqubo World, eyenzelwe ukubonisa ubudlelwane phakathi komntu kunye nendalo.

Phakathi ummandla wokhuseleko biosphere Russian kudlala indima ebalulekileyo Darwin Reserve. Imbali indalo yayo kunye nophuhliso kubonisa inkxalabo kuba Reserve, nto leyo ibonisa urhulumente.

Ngowe-1941, apho kudibana kwimimandla emithathu - Yaroslavl, yaseTver kunye Vologda - yayakhiwe i Rybinsk Reservoir. IMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic akavumelekanga ukuqalisa ngoko nangoko isifundo yempembelelo yayo kutshintsho lwemozulu. Kwaoko ke, emveni, ngehlobo lowe-1945, ngqo esweni utshintsho kubunjani phantsi yempembelelo dama, Darwin Reserve yamiselwa.

Namhlanje, le ndawo ekhuselweyo lugubungela 112.000 ha, isiqingatha kuphela ezithi zenzeke kweli lizwe; abanye amanzi onxweme ahlala.

Winter ka 2002 Darwin reserve ziqukwe kuluhlu ngamazwe woovimba ebalulekileyo biosphere.

indawo ye reserve - ikakhulu nelezihlambo elunxwemeni loLwandle Rybinsk, iindunduma ngakanye kunye evuthelweyo, nokuthantamisa, ngokungathi ibuyela ezindulini umgama: ikhethe a glacier kokubhalwa kwembali. Ichibi swale ingaqhelekanga, ukuba likhulu egqalwa Morotskoe angu 700 yeehektare.

Darwin Reserve iphawuleka isimo sayo sezulu yezwekazi. Yinto entle kakhulu ehlotyeni, xa umlinganiselo wobushushu + 18 °, hayi kubanda kakhulu ebusika, ngenxa yengqele ngaphezulu kwe -10 ° zinqabile.

Intsimi ye Biosphere Reserve kubalulekile ukuba amahlathi ayo Amathafa nemigxobhozo, zavela 17,000 eyadlulayo. Izazinzulu ziye zafumanisa ukuba ezi imigxobhozo ibunjiwe nkqu ngexesha emva kwexesha post-glacial.

Namhlanje, yentaka yonyaka kunye azalela kwindawo ekhuselweyo lweentlobo ngaphezulu kwe-15 iintaka ezinqabileyo, kudala ifakiwe kwiNcwadi oluBomvu. Ubungqina ukusebenza ngempumelelo reserve sele eseyiphantse ukungabikho eRashiya weentaka zaselwandle, ngubani ixesha elithile eyadlulayo waqala kwindlwane kunye azalela kwintsimi ugcino. Ukongezelela kubo iseti reserve icula yokwakha abamnyama, capercaillie, kwaye ubuninzi babantu iintaka inyama ingaphezulu naphi na ehlabathini.

Kukho kwakhona izityalo ezidweliswe kwi-Book oluBomvu. Paltsekornik Traunshteynera, Slipper lenene, epipogium itshazile kunye nezinye iintlobo zikhula kwindawo ezikhuselweyo. The main izityalo - amahlathi pine. Noko ke, emanzini ufumana efudumeleyo ehlotyeni, ngoko kukho ukukhula eninzi imifuno ezahlukeneyo kunye namatyholo Hornwort, sparganium, pondweed kunye abazizityebi ngoko reserve. Amaqunube: cloudberry, cranberry, blueberry.

Abakhenkethi kwimiphetho olukhenketho ekhokelwa indawo umbutho. Ngoxa abahamba phezu kwalo mgama ukubona oonomatse eziphaphazelayo, iihagu zasendle, iimpungutye, kwaye maxa wambi amabhere brown. Noko ke, loo iintlanganiso anobungozi: izilwanyana azive esekhaya yaye abafuni nokumbona iindwendwe.

I-Reserve esicwangciswe Museum of Nature. Kuyo - uqokolelo izityebi 'Russian "zala mabhabhathane, capercaillie ifama yokuqala yehlabathi.

Kodwa mhlawumbi unique inkoliso siqithi ke reserve nja-. Emva kokuvulwa Rybinsk Reservoir amadobo afanayo izikhukhula. Iminyaka emininzi, amaqhekeza afanayo zidade ngaphezulu futhi wagcina de abo bayeka ematyholweni okanye neminye imiqobo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ezi ziqithi afanayo kwezityalo apho, nkqu nanamhlanje kukho imithi.

2000 Darwin Reserve zifakiwe kwi-World Biosphere Reserve System.