Izibonelelo zebhayoloji oLwandle Barents: iimpawu, iimpawu kunye neenkcazo

I-Sea Barents ise kwimimandla yonxweme Arctic Ocean kwaye ohlamba Norway naseRashiya. igama layo oko zazifumanayo ngo-1853 yi-Willem Barents, ngubani esasihamba Dutch. Uphononongo yalo mzimba amanzi yaqala ngo-1821, kodwa abalinganiswa yokuqala epheleleyo lalibunjwa kuphela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini. Kodwa yintoni ezizodwa ngayo yaye ziziphi na izibonelelo zebhayoloji oLwandle Barents?

nendawo

Njengoko kuchaziwe ngaphambili, uLwandle Barents - kwihlomela bolwandle incinane ehlabathini, ukusuka apho siyahlukana siqithi (Spitsbergen, Vaigach, Franz Josef loMhlaba, Novaya Zemlya kunye iinkwenkwezi zeBhere). Ukongeza, oku erhangqwe enolwandle ngeenxa zombini - i-White and Kara. Ntshonalanga Waterfront kakhulu lungqamane, iye amawa amaninzi ephakamileyo zokupaka Fjord, Osenyangweni egqalwa Varangian, Porsangerfjord, Kola kunye Motovsky. Kodwa ukuya ngasempuma imeko yohluka kakhulu: konxweme iba ezisezantsi kwaye lungqamane kancinane. zokupaka nzulu, inkulu kubo - Khaipudyrskaya, Czech kunye Pechora lip. I-Sea Barents ayikho esisityebi kunene siqithi. I kunazo kwisiqithi Kolguev.

zamanzi

imithombo yamanzi kuLwandle Barents rhoqo agcwaliswa imilambo ezimbini ezinkulu - i indigo kunye Pechora. Amanzi olwandle, oko kukuthi, likumyinge rhoqo ihamba. Ayajika kwisangqa ebalwa. Kumbindi yolwandle, oosonzululwazi bafumanisa inkqubo imisinga. Utshintsho kula ukuphazamiseka kunokuba kwenzeke phantsi kwempembelelo kunaniselwano amanzi kunye nezinye iilwandle, kunye notshintsho kwicala umoya. Nempembelelo gqitha inxalenye yonxweme ukuba bephosa-kolwandle kwemisinga. Ukulinganisela kuLwandle Barents kwaye luxhaswa amanzi aselwandle ezingqongileyo. Umthamo uwonke wamanzi othe wasiwa phakathi konyaka, lingana ¼ kulwelo iyonke kule ndawo.

data neznye

I-Sea Barents ungqengqa ithala. Izahlule amadama ezifana eziqhelekileyo ubunzulu kweemitha 300-400, kodwa umlinganiselo uthathwa - 222 m, kwaye ubuninzi - 600 m ezantsi yomhlaba yi ezahlukeneyo :. Apha uyakwazi ukubona plain (Central Plateau), nokudandatheka (Central, kubunzulu obuyi - 386 m) kunye ezisezintabeni (Perseus ubuninzi ubunzulu - 63 m), kunye emkhombeni (West, 600 m ngokunzulu, noFranz-Victoria - 430 m). Qukumbela umphantsi emazantsi ye becala oyisanti, ngamanye amaxesha uyakwazi ukufumana igrabile iingqalutye. In kwiindawo ezisemantla kunye ngundoqo yodaka nesanti eqhelekileyo. Kuzo zonke iindlela kwaye kukho admixture kobutyobo, ngenxa yokuba kukho iidipozithi eziqhelekileyo mandulo glacial.

sezulu

Imozulu kule ndawo iphenjelelwa malunga ezimbini iimeko lobushushu olwandle - Atlantic kunye Arctic. iinkanyamba Ebuzwa enye eshushu yhuu of umoya obandayo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekubeni xenga imozulu. Kwakhona uchaza ukuba iziphango ivamile apha. I-avareji lobushushu zahlukile kakhulu kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo elwandle, umzekelo, ngoFebruwari, emantla ngayo ungawa ku -25, yaye ntshona nje degrees -4. Le meko efanayo kwenzeka ngo-Agasti - emantla - 0 ukuya +1 isidanga, kumazantsi-mpuma - ukuya ku 10 Imozulu phantse lonk lisibekele, ilanga liphume ngamaxesha kuphela, yaye emva koko kuphela nje iiyure ezimbalwa. Le sezulu sisiphumo Barents eliphezulu iciness. Kuphela kwinxalenye ekumzantsi-ntshona iibhloko ikhephu busy ngonaphakade. Ngo-Epreli, yingqele iincopho, ezizezi, 75% kwechibi ekuhlala ice zokudada.

izibonelelo zebhayoloji koLwandle Barents

Ukwahluka enezityalo nezilwanyana kweli dama liba likhulu kakhulu, konke oku kwenza ubomi benthos kunye nezilwanyana. Benthos - eziphilayo lincinci ezihlala njengentlabathi olwandle. Oku kuquka zombini izilwanyana kunye nezityalo. Ngu zoobenthos ziquka korale, stingrays, scallops, oononkala, iimbatyisi kunye nezinye. Ngu Phytobenthos neendidi ulwelwe bebeziqhelanisa ukuphila ngaphandle kwelanga. Kwizidalwa - iintlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezincinane bayaphaphazela ngokukhululekileyo emanzini yaye akakwazi ukubonisa ubuncinane ukuxhathisa ezithile ukuba zingene. Oku kuquka iintsholongwane, iintlobo ezincinane yohlaza, saselwandle esineqokobhe, kwindawo intlanzi kunye ezingenamqolo. imithombo Plant oLwandle Barents ngokubanzi oluphantsi kakhulu, njengokuba kubhaliwe ibekwe kwi kumntla Arctic. iintlobo ezinqabileyo okanye ezisengozini akafunyanwa. Macroalgae ezininzi ngeentlobo (194) bahlala kunxweme Murmansk. Oososayensi bafumene apha 75 ezibomvu, 39 luhlaza 80 zenyathi mdaka.

eziphila elwandle

Intlanzi kwezibonelelo Sea Barents inkulu ngokwaneleyo. Ngoko ke, kukho ephuhliswe kakuhle okuloba. Nangona izazinzulu ziye ekuthini iintlobo 114, kodwa ke eyona nto ibalulekileyo ngokwemiba yezokuloba zithathwa-20 kuzo. Le herring, haddock, catfish, halibut, cod, redfish, flounder, kunye nabanye, kodwa ke ezi ntlanzi kwenza i-80% yabo kwisimbuku le "abazingeli" ekuhlaleni. Ukuze ujungujungu, baya elunxwemeni eNorway, kwaye ikhule Qhotsa kuqubha kwisithuba elwandle. fish Arctic niwuzalise ubutyebi bendalo kuLwandle Barents. Le nesafron cod, herring malopozvonochnaya flounder polar, eGreenland halibut, shark polar kunye aphele. Kodwa ixabiso akhethekileyo hayi lokuloba.

Ezincancisayo neentaka

izibonelelo zebhayoloji koLwandle Barents kunye ezincancisayo enyukayo. Zahlula ngokwamaqela amathathu: pinnipeds, iintlanzi kunye namaxhoba. I yangaphambili ziquka itywina ngohadi okanye nohadi itywina, nembila ulwandle, isilo solwandle esinamabamba amade engqongwe itywina, njl To lwesibini - .. Dolphin, Belobokov eku xhulumaneni bobabambi, ihapu iminenga mbulali iminenga, njl By eyesithathu -. A ibhere elimhlophe ukuba Russian ezidweliswe kwi-Red ncwadi. Resources kuLwandle Barents phakathi ezanyisayo nomdla ukuloba, oko kukuthi ubambisa seals. Coast kwechibi izele amathanga nangentaka, oko kukuthi, ezinkulu yokwakha lobukoloniyali. Apha uyakwazi ukufumana iti, kittiwake, guillemot kunye guillemot emnyama.

eziphilayo

imithombo Sea Barents kunye neengxaki zokusingqongileyo bezalana kakhulu ngokusondeleyo, ekubeni yokungenelela kwabantu kakhulu kwi imvelo njalo kungakhokelela ekubeni iziphumo ezingalunganga. Zemvelo zikholelwa le ndawo yodwa, kuba ulwandle ecacileyo malunga eYurophu yaye akusayi kufumana. Kodwa kukho kakhulu ingxaki enkulu - poaching. Kuyekwe kukhokelela yokuduka zenye ukuphazamiseka eseleyo iphela. Norway naseRussia ziye kabukhali ukucinezela yaphula imithetho ivelisa iziphumo. Enye oLwandle Barents i ubutyebi oli negesi yendalo. Kwaye musa basebenzise eli abantu abakwazanga. Ngoko ke, ngokufuthi kukho ukukhutshwa "zegolide abamnyama" kwi inginginya emanzini, ezo iyingozi kakhulu kuzo zonke izilwanyana.

Kwakhona unique lo mhlaba yolwandle. Ngoko ke, iNgxowa-mali International for Nature walumkisa ukuba mpazamo incinane ngexesha imveliso okanye uthutho kwamafutha eziphili zamandulo kunokukhokelela kwintlekele yendalo. Ukuba kukho loo inkathazo, iminyaka nkqu-30 kunye nokuzibhokoxa kuya kuba lula ukubeka ecaleni ngokupheleleyo zonke iziphumo. Ngapha koko, le meko yandiswa ngumba wokuba ukuba amaqondo aphantsi musa ukuvumela amagciwane nande, nto leyo ithetha ukuba iindlela lokucoca yendalo nje ayisebenzi. Le yinto kubalulekile ukucinga ngayo.

Ngenxa yoko, kuLwandle Barents - umzimba ngamanzi ekhethekileyo, leyo kufuneka bakhuselwe. Le ndawo esisityebi iintlanzi kunye nezibonelelo zendalo, ngokunjalo nezinye izixhobo zendalo, nto leyo enika ngayo ukubaluleka ngakumbi.