Cosmonauts Belarusian ulwazi ngokupheleleyo yaye impumelelo yabo

Kwisithuba abantu abangaphezu kwamakhulu amahlanu ibithunyelwe. Ezintathu kuzo - Belarusians Oleg Novitsky, Vladimir Kovalenok Peter Klimuk. La magama bayazazi ukuba wonke umhlali ezikufutshane republic Russian. Kweli nqaku uza kwaziswa oosomajukujuku Belarusian. Makhe siqale.

imbali

Ngowe-2015, uluntu luye kubhiyozelwa iminyaka engama-58 ubudala isithuba. Yonke le nto yaqala ngo-Oktobha 5, 1957, xa izazinzulu eSoviet yaphehlelelwa nezijikeleza "zwi 1". Ngokuba bonke abemi umhlaba ukuba livule ixesha iinkwenkwezi, iminyele kunye imihlaba ezintsha.

Kungekudala iingqondo zobunjineli qwa wayilungisa yonke into ukuba kwisigaba esilandelayo uphuhliso enzonzobileni abamnyama. Kwaye ngo April 12 1961, nto lenziwe nhlanganiso. KaYuri Gagarin indoda yokuqala moya emajukujukwini. Kwaye le lilinge lokuqala kwi kuloyiso indawo ohlala kuye isiganeko lwembonakalo kwimbali planethi.

Kule minyaka ingama-50 ezayo ukuhambahamba esibhakabhakeni uye savela kakhulu luhamba ngesantya esincomekayo kakhulu. Kwamenywa ezaqaliswa izitishi Orbital kunye namakhulu-Hewana. Ziye imifuniselo ezininzi lobuchwepheshe kunye yezenzululwazi. Kwaye, kakade, zingenza igalelo elivakalayo kakhulu kule ezenziwe cosmonauts Belarusian. Malunga edume ngazo thina uchaze ngezantsi.

Peter Klimuk

Lo mntu kufuneka akukho intshayelelo. Ke kwabo bangamaziyo, Peter Klimuk - lo cosmonaut lokuqala Belarusian, ingcali yenzululwazi, Colonel-Jikelele, Doctor of Sciences zobuGcisa. Ngowe-1965, Wacela kwi kwecala boyisa ze nesibhakabhaka esimnyama. Kamva waba endisebenza Gagarin. ke uPetros wayeneminyaka engama-23 kuphela ubudala. Lo mfana waya kwikhosi yoqeqesho ngusomajukujuku. Oku kwamenza kuphela ukuzithemba ukubhabha ngeenqanawa ezifana "Union", kodwa kwakhona ukusebenza kakuhle kwizikhululo Orbital lohlobo "Bulisani". Njengokuba umphathi, wenza 3 emkhathini.

Uhambo lokuqala

Oku kwenzeka ngo-1973. Klimuk elinesihloko esithi "Soyuz-13". Ixesha lo moya phezu nje ngeveki. Ngowe-1975, uPetra Ilicha abhalisela kwi crew reserve "Soyuz 17". Kulo nyaka mnye waba understudy Klimuk mkhosi "18-1-Union", leyo, ngelishwa, isiqalo aluphumelelanga.

flight yesibini

Oku kwenzeka ngoMeyi 1975 kwaye kuthatha ixesha elide kangangoko 62 iintsuku. Petru Ilichu uncedo yokubhabha yinjineli Sevastyanov. Kungekudala emva kokuba umkhumbi wabo "Soyuz-18-2" sele zimi ndawonye kwisikhululo Orbital "Salyut-4" ngempumelelo. Emva kokubuyela Earth Klimuk waqalisa ukuba baqeqeshwe phantsi kwenkqubo "Intercosmos".

Lo moya yesithathu

Ngexesha esemoyeni wesithathu ngoJuni 1978, Peter Ilyich wakhokela crew yamazwe ngamazwe belingana cosmonaut Polish Germashevsky. Phatha "Soyuz-30" ibekwe isikhululo "Salyut-6", ibithwele Ivanchenkov kunye Kovalenok ngempumelelo. Eli xesha Klimuk wahlala isithuba iintsuku ezisixhenxe. Ubude bayo jikelele flight iintsuku 78 kweeyure eziyi-18.

indawo ngaphandle

Ngoko nangoko emva kokuba moya sesithathu uPetros Ilich wamiselwa intloko yeSebe Political kwi Cosmonaut Training Centre (WESGRO) Gagarin. Ke Klimuk waba isekela yinkokeli. Ngowe-1983, wafumana uqeqesho ezongezelelweyo kwi-Military Political Academy, uLenin (xa engekho). Kwaye wamela ithisisi yakhe ngo-1987. Kwiminyaka embalwa (ukususela 1979 ukuya 1984) waye kwibamba ePhakamileyo yiSoviet USSR.

order

Peter Klimuk nezinye oosomajukujuku Belarusian, uye amabhaso aliqela. Yena a kaNobel likaRhulumente Prize USSR kunye Russian Federation. Kwakhona, uPetros Ilyich bawongwa odolo ezintathu Lenin, Order "Kuba Iinkonzo ukuya looMawokhulu", i-Order of Ubuhlobo of Peoples, kwaye imbasa yegolide Tsiolkovsky. Klimuk igama lesitalato kwizixeko ezifana Klotsk kunye Rogachev, kananjalo kwiilali rubel, Lower Terebezhov kunye Motol. In Breste Petru Ilichu sifakelwe umhlola yobhedu.

Vladimir Kovalenok

Nayiphi biography of oosomajukujuku Belarusian ophawulekayo, kodwa ibali lobomi umnqobi nesibhakabhaka esimnyama, mhlawumbi yeyona umdla. Masiqalise nesibakala sokuba ndiza ku Kovalenok ngokupheleleyo ubudala "green". Kodwa ke, njengoko kanti, engama-22 ubudala kodwa abonakalisa. Vladimir waba omkhulu othi "iqhosha lemenyu" uhlobo iziphekepheke "Soyuz". Kubo woyisa isithuba ezintathu esineenkwenkwezi.

Ukuqala inkonzo

Njengazo zonke oosomajukujuku Belarusian Kovalenok wafumana uqeqesho elungileyo esikolweni Aviation emkhosini. Wagqiba esikolweni ngo-1963 waza waya kusebenza moya yezothutho. Vladimir flying AN-24 we-pilot. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, lo mfana wonyuselwa-mkhosi. Ngowe-1965 waba umviwa Kovalenok cosmonaut. Noko ke, akazange wabhalisa, novulelweyo reserve. umfana Ukuqeqesha khosi ukuze aphaphazele aye isithuba ukuba kwenzeka kwiminyaka emibini kamva.

Uhambo lokuqala

Ngo-Oktobha 1977, uVladimir uzibophelele "Soyuz-25" ngomoya wakhe wokuqala. Kovalenok waba umphathi wenqanawa. Kwakhona ifakiwe kule nqanawa Vladimir Ryumin. Ngokutsho inkqubo moya, "Union" kuthwalelwa phandle docking kunye station "Salyut-6". Kodwa oku akuzange kwenzeke ngenxa kwinkqubo rendezvous nokusebenza ziguquka imo yonxunguphalo. Flight amiswe phambi kwexesha. Ixesha lilonke elichithwa emajukujukwini ezingu-2.

flight yesibini

Senzeka ngo-1978, kwaye bathatha ixesha elide kakhulu kuneyokuqala. Kovalenok kwabuya kwabakho umphathi wenqanawa. Eli xesha abekuhambisa crew "Soyuz-29". Indawo esebenzisa kwisikhululo "Salyut-6" yaba yimpumelelo gqitha. Ngexesha nokuhlala kwakhe phezu kwalo, Vladimir Vasilyevich Bathatha zobuntlola ezimbini ngamazwe: German-eSoviet (Ian Bykovskii) kunye Polish-eSoviet (Germashevsky, Klimuk). Julayi 29 Kovalenok ngokudibeneyo kunye Ivanchenko kwenziwa kwisithuba iinkwenkwezi. Ngaphandle emkhombeni, aba kancinane iiyure ezimbini. Novemba 2 Vladimir ukubuyela ekhaya kwi "Union-31." Ubude lilonke uhambo lwesibini phantse elikhulu elinamanci mane iintsuku.

moya yesithathu

Eli xesha Kovalenok elinesihloko esithi "Soyuz T-4." Naye ngenqwelo notorious uViktor Savinykh. Kwaye ibekwe ngempumelelo kwakhona i "Salyut-6". Kanye ngexesha lokugqibela, oosomajukujuku wathabatha zobuntlola ngamazwe ezimbini: i isiRomania-eSoviet (Prunariu, Popov) kunye Mongolian-Soviet (Gurragcha, Janibekov). Ixesha ukubaleka phantse asixhenxe anesihlanu.

inkonzo Landela-up

Ngowe-1984, ngempumelelo Vladimir baphumelela Military Academy of Staff Jikelele. Emva koko ke wamiselwa amasekela-bamakishi abaziintloko kolawulo 1 Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Centre, nto leyo eye ubelungiselela oosomajukujuku. Ngokuphathelele oko kuqeshwa ayisekho inxaxheba iindiza.

Ukususela ngo-1989 ukuya 1992 wasebenza ngenxa lePalamente. Ngowe-1991, wabubhekisa i-Belarusian Federation of Cosmonautics. Ngowe-1993, uVladimir wanikwa elikwinqanaba Jikelele Colonel Aviation. Ngowe-2001 koko wabubhekisa i Russian Federation of Cosmonautics. Wakhululwa ngoJuni 2002 malunga nokubonelelwa ubudala.

bamxolele

Ibali malunga usomajukujuku Belarusian Kovalenko, sizakugqiba ukutshintshwa kwee-odolo yayo ekhoyo. Vladimir enawo asethi Orders ezintathu Lenin, kukho imiyalelo embalwa "Kuba Inkonzo kwi" kunye imbasa yegolide Tsiolkovsky. Kwidolophu Krupki (kummandla Minsk) Kovalenko, umhlola ngobhedu.

Oleg Novitsky

Eli gama ayikho ngaphantsi ukuthandwa amabini ezidweliswe ngasentla. Oleg Novitsky - cosmonaut Belarusian, phila inqanawa "Soyuz TMA-06M". Qalisa senziwe ngo-Oktobha 2012. Esi siganeko bonke Belarusians kubangela ukuba nekratshi. Ngo-2007, Novitsky wegqitha uqeqesho isithuba jikelele, wafumana awona manqaku aphezulu. Ngenxa yoko, ukuba ukhethwe ngenxa indiza elandelayo kwisithuba iinkwenkwezi.

Oleg Novitsky - cosmonaut Belarusian, ogama engobomi yaziwa ukuba wonke ummi welizwe lakhe. Waya ukoyisa enzonzobileni emnyama nje emva kokubhiyozela wokuzalwa kwakhe-41. Abantu abayaziyo Oleg ngokobuqu waphawula ukufana yakhe Yuriem Gagarinym. Novitsky waba wesithathu Byelorussian owabona kwelinye icala planethi. Kwixa elizayo mhlawumbi uza kuba koyisa lesine enzonzobileni abamnyama.

Nedoletevshie

cosmonauts Belarusian Klimuk, Kovalyonok Novitsky kwaye iphupha lakhe ukuya nesibhakabhaka esimnyama. Kodwa kwakukho abo abangazange ukuphatha ukuyenza loo nto.

Boris belousov

Wazalelwa Hotimsk (kummandla Mogilev) ngo-1930. Waphumelela Air Force Academy Mozhaiskogo eLeningrad. Ngo-1965 waqalisa ukulungiselela ukubhabha kwisithuba iinkwenkwezi. Kungekudala wenziwa cosmonaut esiphezulu. Emva abapasa iimviwo karhulumente iSebe belousov waqeshwa ukuba crew i "Union." Phambi kokuba lohambo emajukujukwini wayengekho kakhulu. iphupho labo sele ifezeke kwaba. Kodwa ngequbuliso belousov wagxothwa ngokomyalelo. Boris watshintshelwa ukuba Amaziko ophando yasemkhosini. Isizathu kukuba ezi komiti klk wafumana "indawo emnyama" kwi ngobomi uyise womkakhe.

Anatoly Dedkov

Kuye wazalelwa kwilali Lucin (kummandla Gomel) ngo-1944. Waphumelela eKharkov Military Aviation School. Xa oku sele zibalwe angaphathi cosmonaut. ngokuphumelela uviwo karhulumente, abalungiselela aphaphazele aye kwisikhululo Orbital "Salyut" yaye "Soyuz". Ngowe-1977 Dedkova wamisela umphathi abasebenzi 2 kwi "Salyut-6" yaye "Soyuz-26". Zonke izicwangciso awelela docking asiphumelelanga abasebenzi 1st, eziquka oosomajukujuku Belarusian ezifana Ryumin kunye Kovalyonok. "Top" umyalelo: elinye ilungu labasebenzi kufuneka babe namava yokubhabha. Esi sigqibo Dedkova kwabeka ekupheleni emgceni, nto leyo kwakhona ngonyaka zicelo abancinane.

ngumhloli

Iminyaka 6 elandelayo Anatoly Ivanovich inxaxheba kuvavanyo kobuchwepheshe isithuba kwiimeko ezinzima. Waye moya olwandle kunye neendawo muntu (hlathi, amahlathi, iintlango). Kwakhona Dedkov ezenziwa spacewalk kwi isuti "Orlan" kwaye yavavanyelwa yesuti "Sokol". Yena wenza ngaphezu kwama-50 kulotywe iziphekepheke parachute imigangatho eyahlukeneyo ngobunzima. Kodwa ke inani experimenti (ngamanye amaxesha enobungozi empilweni) akamncedisanga Anatoly Ivanovich ukuya emajukujukwini. Ngenxa yoko, labanjiswa the Mission uMbindi woLawulo umqhubi oyintloko. Colonel Dedkov akazange ikwazile ukuba i Byelorussian wesithathu, uboyisa enzonzobileni emnyama.

Alexander Shchukin

Wazalwa ngo-1946 e Vienna (Wienn), Austria, kusapho. Shchukin waphumelela pilot test kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, ize emva - le Moscow Aviation Institute. Alexander wafunda lukhulu oosomajukujuku Belarusian kwaye bayaphupha ukoyisa isithuba iinkwenkwezi. Ngenxa yoko, Shchukin wathunyelwa ukuba uqeqesho kule program "Buran", elikhokelwa Igor Volk. Kodwa iphupha Alexander abazange kuzaliseka. Yena ilalhekile-moya Su-26M ngexesha ukulungiselela le holide e Zhukovsky. On uthe uqeqesho moya moya Shchukin eyenziwa ngenjongo ukuvavanya ukuba spin. Ngelishwa, Alexander ayaba nako ukuzisa moya ngaphandle kolawulo ezibalulekileyo, yaye isiphelo sawo usizi.