Criteria Scientific kunye neentlobo zoLwazi Research

Wokuhlangana ulwazi lwabantu ilele endle yenzululwazi kunye nangaphaya. Ukuze kulawulwe inkqubela kuyimfuneko ukuze kube nokugqitywa ngokuzithemba iimpawu icandelo yezenzululwazi egqwesileyo ngokupheleleyo ulwazi.

Ngelo xesha, umntu kufuneka singayithatheli phantsi imiceli-ulwazi ubuxoki ngaphandle yenzululwazi.

Luluphi na ulwazi ekufuneka kuqwalaselwe benzululwazi?

Iinqobo zophando lwezenzululwazi ehlabathini namhlanje azikho oqhubekayo. Inani kweekhonsepthi copyright, ngokufuthi zichasene, sikhulu kunene. Ngoko ke, ukuze uqonde ubungqina lwenzululwazi imfuneko kuphanda ezo zilungiso ukuba kangako zinokuphikiswa.

Njengenxalenye ukufakelwa kweli nqaku lixoxa iimpawu ezintathu ulwazi lwenzululwazi. Kufuneka ube:

• oyinyaniso;
• intersubjective;
• system.

Inyaniso nolwazi

Lonke ulwazi - ulwazi kwisifundo esithile.

Ukuba ulwazi olungqamana ethile, oko kuyinyaniso.

Noko ke, inyaniso kuba, kunye nolwazi isayensi. Ikhona i pre-yenzululwazi, yonke imihla and practical iifomu, kwakunye ngokufunisela, izimvo.

Inyaniso kunye nolwazi - ayikho into efanayo.

Inyaniso uthethe, xa ulwazi uyinene, umxholo yakhe ngokuthembekileyo kungakhathaliseki kwisifundo nasekwazini, kwaye kukho kwaxa oko injongo.

Eneneni ulwazi ithetha ukuqatshelwa iintlobo inyaniso. azifani, Bona ngokuxhomekeke nokwanela neziseko ingqalelo enjalo ingaba uluvo inkolelo ulwazi eziqhelekileyo iziphumo ezibonakalayo, lwenzululwazi.

ZifunwaEzokugqibela zidweliselwe kuphela ingxelo yokuba abanye umxholo kuyinyaniso, kodwa ku hlamusela ngenyaniso yawo. Njengoko kwezizathu kungaba:

• kwisigqibo esisengqiqweni;
• ngenxa yolwazi;
• lo theorem ngasentla, njl

Ngenxa yeso sizathu ezaneleyo ukuzithethelela - kunye imfuneko enyanzelekileyo olusisiseko ulwazi lwezenzululwazi, njengoko kuthelekiswa non-lwezenzululwazi.

iindlela zobunzululwazi wabeka phambili endaweni kwifomula isiseko umgaqo lenzululwazi, ojongene isizathu esivakalayo.

Leibniz, owawamemezayo lo mgaqo, wabonisa ukuba ingcamango ubungqina ngenyaniso yawo, kuyimfuneko ukuzithethelela ezinye iingcamango nto leyo, baye babonisa ukuba ziyinyani.

ulwazi inter-ezikhathazayo

Kufuna ulwazi lwenzululwazi ukuba jikelele uluntu, jikelele kwaye kunyanzelekile ukuba nawuphi na umntu.

Thelekisa, inoluvo njenge ulwazi non-lwezenzululwazi ngamanye neobscheznachimo.

Kukho umgca lahlule phakathi ulwazi lwenzululwazi ngenyaniso yawo kunye nolwazi nezinye zokuguqulwa.

ulwazi Non-lwenzululwazi obumntwisiweyo. Bona Siyamazisa inyaniso ngaphandle kwesizathu elungileyo, niqonda nje eqhelekileyo.

Iinyaniso inzululwazi zibonakaliswa kuphela injongo kwaye liqinisekile. Ba jikelele kunye engenabuntu.

Intersubjectivity ulwazi lwenzululwazi kwenza reproducibility engxamisekileyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba bonke abaphandi abaye wafunda isifundo efanayo kwaye ukubeka oku isifundo kweemeko ezifanayo, ufumana isiphumo esifanayo.

Ukuba yonke (nganye, yonke) kwisifundo ukwazi ongawamisiyo olungaguqukiyo yolwazi lwakhe zonke isifundo yokwazi, alubonisi reproducibility yezenzululwazi ayikho.

indlela yolwazi

zokuhlela nokwenza obugcisa, kunye nolwazi eziqhelekileyo yezenzululwazi.

Nangona kunjalo, inkqubo yenzululwazi zenkqubo azakubalulwa eziliqela iimpawu.

Bona ngokusekelwe kulwazi kakhulu- into eyenziwe ngokuqiqa lwesihloko. Inkxaso le ngxoxo - empirical data.

Okukodwa na ulwazi kakhulu- ezenza ukuba isakhiwo engqongqo aqale. Sinika ulwazi isifundo leyo engqina ukuba uyinyaniso.

ulwazi Scientific and non-lwezenzululwazi: ezinye kucaciswa

iintlobo Scientific ulwazi musa rhoxisa, hayi siyawubhangisa ezinye iintlobo, akumenzi engenamsebenzi.

Ukwahlula esisiso sound ulwazi sizathu gwe lobunzululwazi non-yenzululwazi kumele ukuba ukhokelele ekubeni ukuqonda iingongoma ezibalulekileyo ilandelayo.

ulwazi Non lwenzululwazi-- alikho fiction and non-fiction. It na onezinto zayo kunye imithombo yolwazi. imilinganiselo yayo kunye nezithethe yahlukile sikhokelo rationalism, bona ukuvelisa uluntu ngokwenene kakhulu ngokwasengqondweni.

Amaxesha amaninzi, ulwazi non-inzululwazi ukuba siphu- lwezenzululwazi ngenxa astronomi iinkwenkwezi, alchemy ngemichiza, uvelise kukodwa iintsholongwane ze yimbonakalo iinyaniso zenzululwazi. Ezi ntlobo yolwazi engunobangela mbono zembali ngokunxulumene inzululwazi ebizwa esoteric. Basenokuba ngokuba prescient.

I ezintsha zophando

criteria Scientific, ebonisa isifundo phezu data instantiated kokuqulethweyo kunye nentsingiselo iinguqu kunye nezongezelelo zibizwa ngokuba ubutsha yenzululwazi isifundo.

ezintsha Scientific iqwalaselwa xa:

• isifundo iphuhlisa ingxaki, abaze bavuke ngasentla isayensi;
• into uphando ngaphambili khange kufundwe isayensi;
• xa kuthelekiswa into wafumana ulwazi lwakhe olutsha;
• iimeko zingasentla wanelisekile na udibaniso.

Ukucaciswa ulwazi olutsha njengokuba kwenzeka xa data eyaziwa:

• yaguquka kakhulu ngenxa yophando;
• landiswa eya kuthi yongezwe;
• elikhankanyiweyo (elikhankanyiweyo) exhasiweyo.

Iimpawu zokuhlola ethembekileyo zenzululwazi

Iimpawu siyeke ukuba imiqathango yalo lwenzululwazi, ukuba iqwalaselwa ngokwahlukeneyo omnye komnye.

Ngoko ke, inyaniso azalwe kuphela ngaphakathi inzululwazi.

Intersubjective ngeke inzululwazi kuphela, kodwa, umzekelo, ngolahlekiso abaninzi.

Ngendlela, kuqwalaselwe ngokuzimeleyo nezinye iimpawu lwenzululwazi, kwakha isiseko nokuqiqa pseudoscientific.

Yaba sisiphumo ulwazi, ngaxeshanye kuphunyezwa ezi mpawu zingasentla, sitsho ichaza ulwazi lwenzululwazi kuphela.