Car "Horch": imbali ezaziwayo-kakuhle brand

Imbali elandeleleneyo, eyimbali yegama elidumile lezimoto elithi "Horch" libuyela kwikhulu le-19. NgoNovemba 14, 1899, ingunjiniyela waseJamani uAgas Horch wasungula inkampani yakhe yokuvelisa iinqwelo zeHor & Cie eCologne. Motorwagen Werke. Ngomnyaka kamva, ukukhanya kwambona imoto yokuqala yegama elithi "Horch", equlethe izinto ezintsha. Emva koko, u-Agasti uHorch waba ngowona wokuqala wabalingisi bezithuthi ezidumile emhlabeni.

Agasti kaAgasti

Umninimzi onetalente kunye ne-entrepreneur ophumeleleyo wazalwa ngo-Oktobha 12, 1868 eWiningsen, kwintsapho yomkhandi. Intsapho yaseAugusta Horch ayikwazanga ukuziqhayisa ngokuchuma, kwaye ke kwafuneka asebenze eneminyaka eyi-13. Emva kokutshintsha iindidi ezininzi zezinto ezithandwayo, uHorch enenjongo kwaye engonwabanga ayizange iphefumlelwe yiyiphi na kwaye ngo-1888 wanquma ukungena kwiSaxon Engineering School. Ukubuyisela ukungabikho kolwazi lwakhe, insizwa ephilileyo iphumelele esikolweni ize ihlale kwindawo yokuqala, kwaye emva kwesebe loyilo lokwakha umkhumbi, apho yaqala ukuhlangabezana neenjini zangaphakathi zomoya.

Ubomi bakhe buguquke ngokuphawulekayo emva kokuba atshayise umqhubi we-motorcycle ngo-1896. Ngaloo ndlela le moto yayiyimangaliso yeteknoloji. UHorch wacela amaninzi amashishini malunga nezithuthuthu kwaye ngokuhlwa, wagqiba ekubeni abhale ileta eneenkcukacha ezicacileyo ngaye kunye nesicelo sokuqeshwa kwi-Benz eqinile. Akulindelanga impendulo ngokukhawuleza, uAgasto wamangaliswa xa ngokukhawuleza wamkela iindaba ezazisamkelekileyo kwaye kufuneka ziqale ukusebenza ngokukhawuleza. UHorch oneminyaka engama-27 wamiselwa njengomncedisi oyintloko kwisebe lophuhliso lweenjini, kodwa emva kweenyanga ezine, ngenxa yokunyamekela, wayebekelwe uxanduva lwemveliso yemoto.

Isiseko senkampani

U-Karl Benz wayemlondoloze kakhulu iJamani, kwaye ngo-1899 uAgask Horch kunye nenkxaso yezimali yomrhwebi ocebileyo edolophini laseCologne Ehrenfelde wavula i-Horch & Cie eqinile. Motorwagen Werke. Ekuqaleni, inkampani encinci enezithuba zabasebenzi abayi-11 yayibandakanyeke kuphela ekulungiseni ezinye iimoto. Kodwa kakade unyaka emva kokuba inkampani isungulwe, imoto yokuqala yeHorch ibonakala nge-injini ye-twin-cylinder injini. . Ukuqala kwebali elibizwa ngokuba nguHorch labekwe. Umshicileli wawusakhuluma ngemoto entsha, xa inkampani sele ikhulule imodeli yesibini - imoto yokuqala eJamani nge-gimbal transmission.

Imoto yokuqala

Iimodeli zokuqala ezimbini zeHorch, ezaveliswa ngaphambi kowe-1901, zazingama-5 kunye ne-10 ilitha. . Ndixhobile le mijelo eneenjini ezimbini, eziphambili. Kwimodeli yokuqala (4-15 PS), ukuqhutshwa kwamasondo evili langemuva kuqhutyelwa ngebhodi yokuqhuba ibhanti. Kwimodeli yesibini (10-16 PS) ngokokuqala ngqa eJamani, ukuqhutshwa kwesovili kwenzelwa i- cardan gear. Ubungundoqo obubalulekileyo bokuqala kweemoto ze "Horch" kwakuyibhokisi yebhodi, esebhankini esicacileyo kunye nokuhambisa okukhulu. Ngezo zihlandlo kwakuyisigqibo sokuguqula.

Umzimba wemoto wawuhlobo oluvulekileyo, umsebenzi weworkshop yomqeqeshi. Ukukhanyisa kwenziwa ngamakhandlela ekhandlela. Ngokungafani neemoto ezinamandla zeminyaka kamva, uHorch wokuqala wayengakwazi ukufikelela kwisivinini esiphezulu se-32 km / h. Nangona kunjalo, oku kwakukho uphawu oluphawulekayo ngelo xesha. Iimoto zisetyenziselwa ukuxubha. Ifoto yokuqala ye-"Horch" (imoto), elapha ngezantsi, ibonisa ngokucacileyo.

Indlela yokuphumelela

Ukusuka kumakhasimende ukuya kwinqwelo entsha "iHorch" kunye nenjini injini ye-10-12 litres. . Kwaye ibhokisi elingenasiphelo sasingekho izibane. Abasebenzi bakhula baba ngabantu abangamashumi asithoba. Ukusebenza kwinjini, unjiniyela onetalente uFritz Seidel wabandakanyeka. Esi sikhokelo sangaphambili, inkampani yaba yinyani, kwaye ngo-1902 umveliso washukunyiselwa kuReichenbach, kwaye emva kweminyaka emibini waya kwiZwickau (iSaxony), apho inkampani yatshintshwa yaba yinkampani yokubambisana kunye nenkunzi ephawulekayo yomthetho wama-140,000 amanqaku.

Imodeli yokuqala, eveliswe yimveliso emitsha, ibonakaliswe nenani elikhulu lezinto ezintsha ezakhayo. Kulo lufakwe ibhokisi yegardi entsha, isebenza ngokungafaniyo, ngeempahla ezenziwe ngesimbi ephezulu ene-chromium-nickel. I-clutch yayiphakathi kwebhokisi yebhobho kunye nenjini. Iqhosha eliya kwi-back ax axle liye ladluliselwa ngeendlela zekhadi. Ngomnyaka we-1906 imoto "iHorch" ngokokuqala ngqa iphumelele umqhubi wemoto, eyabangela ukuba inkampani ibe yithandwa ngakumbi nangaphezulu. Ngomnyaka ofanayo, iintlobo ezintsha zeHorch zaqala ukuboniswa kwimiboniso yemoto yaseBerlin neParis. Unyaka kamva wanikezwa imodeli yokunethezeka kunye ne-six-cylinder-liter engama-eneelitha ezingama-60. Nge., Umnini wokuqala owawuyi-sultan kwisiqithi sase- Indonesia saseJava.

Amacangci amane - iimveliso ezine

Indlela yokuvuselela kunye nokuqhubeka ukukhangela izisombululo ezintsha ngo-Agasti Horch ekudalweni kwemoto kufuna iilenki eziqhubekayo zezemali. Oku akuzange kumkholise abanini-nxaxheba nganoma iyiphi indlela kwaye kukhokelela ukungavumelani rhoqo. I-Horch ithathe inxaxheba ekuqhubeni umqhubi wemoto njengento ekhangele phambili yokuthengisa. Iimoto zenkampani zaba ngabathathi-nxaxheba basisigxina, kwaye umqambi wayehlala ehleli emva kwesondo.

Ihlabathi lezantya lifuna utyalo-mali kunye nokukhula rhoqo. Ngaloo ndlela, ngo-1906 inkampani yakhulula umzekelo omtsha weZD. Imoto yaseJamani "I-Horch ZD" eneenjini ezingama-5.8-liter kunye nomzimba ongenakunzima wawuhlangene ngokukhethekileyo ukuba ithathe inxaxheba kwintambo ehloniphekileyo kaHenry wasePrussia. Ukubukeka kwempumelelo kwimikhosi ekukhokelela ekugqithiseni ubudlelwane obunzima obunzima kunye nabanikazi abanini-zimali abazange bajabule kakhulu ngempahla ye-Horch Z yangaphambili. Umqambi onenkani wayenqabile nayiphi na ingxaki ephakanyisiweyo, ekhusela ngokupheleleyo imbono yakhe. Ngenxa yoko, ehlotyeni ka-1909, phantsi kwengcinezelo yabanini-zimali, uHorch washiya inkampani eyayisungula, kodwa inyanga kamva kwi-Zwickau efanayo wabhalisa inkampani entsha ye-August Horch Automobilwerke GmbH.

Amashishini amabini anelinye igama elifanayo kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo kwisitalato esifanayo abathukuthelise abanini beenkampani zangaphambili. Emva kwetyala, apho iHorch ilahlekile, kubuza umbuzo malunga negama elitsha. Ngexesha lokuxoxa ngale nto endlwini yomhlobo wakhe, unyana wenkosi, owayefunda isiLatini, wayeguqulela nje iHorch esuka kwisiJamani ukuya kwisiLatini. Ngoko kwakukho igama elithi Audi, kwaye emva koko-kunye nenkampani ye-Audi Automobilwerke GmbH.

Ii-AUDI ezine izindandatho eziqhelekileyo namhlanje zibonakala kamva. Ngaphantsi kwefuthe lobunzima bezoqoqosho kwi-1930 yokuqala, iinkampani ezine zanquma ukudibanisa kwi-Auto Union AG. Iqela liquka uHorch, Audi, Wanderer kunye neDKW. Isibonakaliso ngokwefom yeesine ezifuzisela ukuhlanganiswa kwezi nkampani ezine kwaye kwakufanele ukuba khona kuzo zonke iinqwelo zokukhathazeka. IHorch ne-Audi bevelise iimoto ezinokuzithengisa, iWanderer - iklasi eliphakathi, iDKW - isabelomali kunye neemoto ezincinci. Kukho imbono ephosakeleyo ukuba imoto "iHorch" iyafana ne-Audi, yaqanjwa kwakhona ngexesha. Into elandelayo kukuba emva kwithuba elinesithathu kwabameli abane benkxalabo bayeka ukuba khona. Wahlala kuphela i-Audi, eyayizuza ilifa.

Iimodeli ezithandwa kakhulu

Iimodeli ezithandwayo kakhulu "zeHorch" zibhekwa njengeemoto ezineenjini ezine-cylinder ezihamba ngokufudula. Ukuthengwa kweemoto ezinjini ezinkulu (ezemidlalo, ukuzizonwabisa) zihlala ziphantsi kwezona zizathu ezininzi. Ukungafani kwakuyimifanekiso eyaveliswa ukususela ngo-1937 ukuya ku-1940 (851/853 / 853A / 855/951 / 951A). Ezi zimoto ezimeleleyo zikhunjulwa njengophawu lwegama elithi "Horch". Imoto (umfanekiso ka-1939, ephantsi apha, ibonakala) ibonakala ikhulu.

Ukongeza kwimveliso yemoto, uHorch wayenamava amaninzi ekuveliseni izithuthi zempi. Enye yezona zidumileyo imoto yeenjongo ezahlukeneyo "iHorch 901" kunye nokwanda kwelizwe eliphambili. Lo mshini wakhiqizwa ukususela ngo-1937 ukuya ku-1940 ngeprogram yokujoliswa kwe-Wehrmacht yokuxhobisa umkhosi kunye neenqwelo ezintathu zokuhamba ngevili.

Ukushona kwelanga emva kwemfazwe kwenkampani

Ukususela kwiminyaka ye-1930, ukuphathwa kwenkampani yeAgasp Horch kwakungokwemvelo. Usebenza ngokubanzi kwimisebenzi yentlalontle, inobuninzi bezithuba ezikhokelayo. Emva kwemfazwe, isixeko saseZwickau sahlala kwintsimi elawulwa yiSoviet Union. Amashishini afakwa kwilizwe kwaye waba yinxalenye ye-IFA, nangona ixa-mali imoto phantsi kwe-brand Horch yayisenziwa, umzekelo, umzekelo omele 930S.

Iimoto ze-Horch ngokulandelana kwexesha

Uhlobo lwemodeli yeemoto ezisemagunyeni ngonyaka lungafumaneka kwitafile ngezantsi.

Ngoku uyazi imbali aba matshini emangalisayo kunye uMdali wabo abanetalente.