Battle of the Kerch Peninsula: Isicwangciso imisebenzi kunye nezigaba

Battle of the Kerch Peninsula ngomnye lohlaselo inkulu ye-Red Army kwi isanda IMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic. Waye eyayibanjelwe kwiimeko ezinzima. Ngenxa yokusilela utyando awabhencwa iingxaki eSoviet Army kunye Navy, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukuba ukuphepha iimpazamo kwixesha elizayo. Phezulu ukuya kulotywe eManyeneyo e eNormandy Battle of the Kerch Peninsula wayengomnye zibalaseleyo.

prehistory

ECrimea kwendawo ngo-1941. Xa kwentwasahlobo, i Wehrmacht kuthinjwa phantse ummandla iphela Ukrainian SSR. Emva ukuwa Kiev wayenethemba iyanyamalala ekhubekisayo. Njengoko kwi 'imbiza' yaba yinxalenye enkulu wemikhosi kakuhle yonke ngaphambili. Oko laqala baleka ukuya ngasempuma. NgoSeptemba, amaJamani sele phezu iindlela eCrimea. Ukubaluleka eli lizwe ngokuphelele ngamaqela omabini. Okokuqala, inikeza ulawulo phezu inkoliso kuLwandle Black. Ingakumbi ngenxa nokuguquguquka Turkey. Ntoleyo, nangona ixhaswa Wesithathu, kodwa akazange angene imfazwe.

Peninsula naye nesiseko umoya olungileyo. Kwaba naye eziphaphazelayo ekuhlaseleni Soviet, ezibe isicelo kusehla umoya phambili amaqula ioli isiRomania. Ngoko ke, ngoSeptemba 26, i-Wehrmacht wahamba lohlaselo kwi Isthmus. Ngaphantsi kwenyanga emva usingasiqithi yathinjwa phantse ngokupheleleyo. Wemka imikhosi Soviet kwi Taman. Kwakukho kuphela Sevastopol, ukuzithethelela ogama zobugorha usaqhubeka. Ngeli xesha, i-Battle of the Kerch Peninsula wazalelwa Stavka.

uqeqesho

Ngenxa yoko kukuyeka eCrimea, indawo kuphela ukungawi Sevastopol. City wabamba wokhuselo yobuqhawe, nangona ukuvaleka epheleleyo emhlabeni, yaye ubonelelo ayaneli ngolwandle. AmaJamani Sithathe izaqhwithi ezimbalwa, kodwa bonke senja. Ngoko ke, injengele yomkhosi Group Manstein wagqiba ekubeni abeke zokungqinga. Ukuze zingqonge agglomeration enkulu wathabatha phantse yonke impi. At the Kerch wokuweza efanayo waziphendulela ukwahlulwa enye kuphela ye Wehrmacht.

Battle of the Kerch Peninsula oluphuhliswe General Kozlov. Ukuze kufezekiswe yayo imikhosi zimbini inxaxheba. Kwisithuba seeveki ezimbini, ikhokelwa ngu-General Kozlov iphuhlise kokwehla kunokwenzeka endleleni. Ngenxa yokungabikho reserves komda Iranian wonke umkhosi Waziqhiwula yena. I-Battle of the Kerch Peninsula yakhethwa ekupheleni ngoDisemba 26. Esi sicwangciso sibandakanya kuvuthelwa ngaxeshanye ukuya Feodosia kunye Strait. amajoni Soviet kwafuneka ukuqhuba amaJamani ngaphandle komzi, uze asirhawule lonke iqela yotshaba. Umyalelo kulindeleke uloyiso ekhawulezayo, ekubeni imikhosi eziphambili isiJamani becala kufuphi Sevastopol. At the Kerch efanayo yahlanganisa nje kukhoyo ikampu elincinane baseJamani kunye imikhosi ezimbalwa isiRomania. Kakade ngelo xesha kwi Abasebenzi wayesazi iikhompawundi isiRomania ukuba sibi kakhulu yahlasela kwaye andikwazi ukuqhubeka kwi lokuzithethelela elide.

Ukuba yimpumelelo, i-Red Army wayeza kuba Ndinako ukuyichitha utshaba ngokwamaqela kwingingqi losingasiqithi. Oku kuya kuvumela yokupasa kuziphi inxalenye entsha kunxweme kunye Taman. Emva koko, imikhosi Soviet nga ngokukhawuleza ukuya ngasentshona kwaye betha i ngasemva imikhosi yaseJamani, ngoko ingqingiweyo ngumkhosi Sevastopol. Njengoko ukhawule Kozlov, emva kokuba Ukuvulwa ngokutsha isixeko ukuqala i ekhubekisayo enkulu abasakhasayo eCrimea.

strike lokuqala

Battle of the Kerch Peninsula ngo 1941-1942 baqalisa i-wesithandathu amabini ka December. "Support" ndabethwa kwakhe kuqala. Yena omzimba kuphela imikhosi yotshaba, kodwa buyisela ingqalelo yakhe injongo engundoqo - Feodosiya. Kunye nenkxaso ye-Black Sea Fleet, amajoni eSoviet wasondela ngasese elunxwemeni. Emva ngezicelo zokudubula yaqala indiza. Landing kwenzeka phantsi kweemeko ezinzima kakhulu. Le beach lingakulungele nje ukuba iinqanawa mooring kunye amaphenyane. Kwakhona, amaJamani yaqala bechuba ezayo. Ngoko ke, amajoni kwakufuneka ukutsiba emanzini msinyane nje ubunzulu kwanele ukuya. Oko kukuthi Disemba imini ebandayo Red Army baba intamo-nzulu emanzini aqumbe. Ngenxa yoko, kwakukho ilahleko zempilo enkulu ngenxa emzimbeni. Kodwa emva kweentsuku nje ezimbalwa lobushushu lehla ngakumbi, kunye Strait ebesoyika. Ngoko ke, okuseleyo umkhosi 51-th ndihambela ngapha ice kakade.

Battle of the Kerch Peninsula 1941-1942 kwi kwicala engundoqo ye-yethoba amabini inani. Ngokungafaniyo kokufika e Kerch, Feodosia kokufika lwenzeka ngqo kwi zibuko. La majoni lawela elunxwemeni kwaye ngoko nangoko angena edabini. In nje ngosuku lokuqala ndikwazile lomhlaba abantu malunga 40 amawaka kumacala omabini. kwidolophu ikampu German yaba bantu amawaka amathathu. besenza wakwazi ukuluphelisa ekupheleni kosuku. Emva kokufika Feodosia phezu amaNazi ezisengozini encirclement epheleleyo. In Kerch ezigcinwe phesheya kwisahlulo enye kuphela indlela intaba waseJamani kunye isiRomania.

iqhele

E GHQ phantse nangoko wafunda iziphumo bazisa malunga Battle of the Kerch Peninsula. Nemikhosi zamaqela kwi Kerch baba ukungalingani. imikhosi Soviet baba izihlandlo eziliqela ngaphezu German ngenani. Ngoko ke, jikelele von Sponeck lenze isigqibo sokuba aqale iyindawo ukuya ngasentshona. Ukuze baqala ukudlala nangoko. AmaNazi lweMedia ukuphepha wokujoyina imikhosi ezimbini indiza. Noko ke, injengele ngaphambili iCrimea Manstein wawayalela nayiphi ukubaleka. Wayesoyika ukuba xa ukurhoxiswa imikhosi Soviet baya kukwazi ukubamba up kunye imikhosi yaseJamani kwaye ngesiRomania uze ubatshabalalise.

Leyo isicwangciso, kunye nenkokheli Soviet. Ekubulaleni Kerch ekampini kuya kukhokelela yokunqongophala imikhosi yaseJamani. indlela eya Sevastopol kwavuleka Olubomvu Army. Noko ke, abantu abazange phambili ngokukhawuleza. Endaweni intuthuko ekhawulezayo ukuya ngasentshona, umkhosi ezimashumi mane anesine bafudukela kwicala Kerch ukuba kukhawulela umkhosi amahlanu ananye. Oku kulibaziseka ukuba amaJamani ukuba bafumane zintshula kuloo kumgca omtsha yokuzithethelela kufutshane Sivash. Kwakukho zolondolozo banduluka kunye nezixhobo enzima. E Berlin, waqala ngoko nangoko ukusabela ngokukhawuleza nje ukuba waqala Battle of the Kerch Peninsula. Isigaba 1 wavumela amajoni Soviet ukuba bafumane zintshula kunxweme. Noko ke, le nxalenye kakhulu wayeza kufika.

indawo enzima

Emva kokuba ekubulaleni amaJamani ngeeyunithi Feodosia kunye Kerch Red Army sidiniwe kakhulu. Oku kubangelwa ikakhulu kwimiqathango egqithiseleyo emhlabeni. amanzi Ice, impembelelo lobushushu eliphantsi kunye nezinye isimo esibi impilo yabantu. Ngomhla bridgehead yayingeyonto kwisibhedlele elinye. Ngoko ke, amajoni ababuleweyo kwafuneka ukuba sithembele ekungeneni nasekuphumeni kunyango lokuqala zoncedo. Emva koko ke wasiwa Kerch ukusuka apho, phesheya kolwandle ukuze azise. Kakhulu abalimele akusoloko nako koyiswe ngendlela elide kangaka.

Kwakhona, akuzange kube lula ukuseka wokuweza ngenxa kuhlasela njalo ngu moya waseJamani. imali zokhuselo azizange zithunyelwa kwangexesha. Ngoko ke, enyanisweni ndiza akazange ahlangabezane abaphikisana. Ngenxa yoko, oku kwabuchaphazela iinqanawa ezininzi.

Battle of the Kerch kuSingasiqithi: Isigaba 2

Ngaphantsi kweveki Red Army layithatha kunxweme lonke. ukumelana lobuFasi iye zicinezelwa ngokukhawuleza ngokwaneleyo. Ngenxa yokungaqiniseki kwi inxalenye ngesiRomania, i Wehrmacht wangena ilungu labo labasebenzi lwamagosa German. Ukuziphendulela iye yaqinisa ecaleni Sivash reserve elihamba butho. Eyona ndlela iphambili ngesibetho ukuya amajoni eSoviet yaba kaloliwe, okwaye kwabonelela 11 Army of the Wehrmacht. Ubhejo umphathi omkhulu Ukuthathela ingqalelo yokuswela amandla amajoni amaNazi, wayalela ukuba uhlaselo ngoko nangoko kwi-West. Ngokwesi sicwangciso, Kozlov kwafuneka ukuya ngasemva amaJamani ibiyingqingile Sevastopol angoyiswa kubo. Emva koko, kwacetywa ukuqalisa omnye ekhubekisayo omkhulu-abasakhasayo ukukhulula yonke eCrimea. Nangona kunjalo, i-jikelele madolw elide kakhulu. Wayekholelwa ukuba nangoku luswele izibonelelo ukuze bamphose. Ezibonakala ngempumelelo Battle of the Kerch Peninsula amajoni Soviet bazisa ukudana ekrakra. AmaNazi counterattacked.

Kwinyanga elandelayo, anamanci mane anababini kulungiselela ekhubekisayo omkhulu entsha. Ukuxhasa kuye etyalwe lwezindlu ezongezelelweyo ku Sudak. Elwandle kunye umkhenkce beza iimbumbulu wemvula. Noko ke, elinye iinjengele ilungileyo Wesithathu beat Kozlov. Phakathi-NgoJanuwari, ngesiquphe amaNazi sungula ekhubekisayo zabo. Kuvuthelwa engundoqo yawa kumgca ngaphambili kakubi ezinqatyisiweyo kwisiphambuka bemikhosi ezimbini. Kwiintsuku ezintathu kamva, amaJamani weza kwizikhundla zabo yokuqala. Ekupheleni elinesibhozo January wawa uTheodosius. Kutshanje Etyelwe Sudak avala waba ukuxhathisa lithemba. Kuba iiveki phantse ezimbini Olubomvu Army walwa bangamaqhawe kwaye phantse kwi bapheleleyo baye ubomi babo emfazweni. iinqanawa impahla kunye izinto yatshabalala. Emva kokuba kufe izibuko olunye imikhosi Soviet bawele kuphela Kerch kwi ngumkhenkce.

Lungiselela enye ukuhlasela

Emva kokuba lo myalelo wadalwa ngaphambili iCrimea eyahlukileyo. It iqulathe kakade emkhosini Peninsula kunye uxhulumaniso ezintsha. Kumda Iranian yasuswa amajoni Army mane-yesixhenxe. Umyalelo ukuwela isixa esikhulu kwezixhobo. Of eethenda sele ithunyelwe nomkomishinala okhethekileyo. Oko laqala amalungiselelo lohlaselo. Kuye kwathiwa ziza kuba ekupheleni kukaFebruwari. Injongo amandla utshaba e Sevastopol, enyanisweni, i-Battle of the Kerch Peninsula yenzelwe ukuba siyitshabalalise kunye. ICrimea Front kwakhula regiments zokudubula kunye namatanki esindayo inyanga yonke.

waqala mabini Februwari wesixhenxe ekhubekisayo. Lwabe ingqalelo igalelo ophambili Kerch. Noko ke, izicwangciso babesifa iimeko zemozulu. Obuhle yaqala, bathulula izantyalantyala zemvula. Slush, ubumdaka kumthwalo oomatshini ekhubekisayo enzima. Amatanki, ingakumbi enzima, musa uhlale elihamba. Ngenxa yoko, amaJamani bakwazi ukumelana uhlaselo Red Army. omnye kuphela candelo ngaphambili yakwazi ukuba atyhudise kumgca ukuzithethelela. Not ukumelana Ukuhlasela yomkhosi isiRomania. Noko ke, amajoni Soviet ayiphumelelanga ukuphuhlisa impumelelo sokuqala. Manstein wayesazi ukuba esisongela ukwaphula ukukhululwa Red Army ephangweni komkhosi wakhe. Ngoko ke wathumela loovimba yokugqibela ukubamba umgca, kwaye wanika iziphumo. waqhubeka ukulwa ezinzima de yesithathu kuMatshi. Kodwa kakhulu ukuhamba phambili ayiphumelelanga.

Battle imikhosi i Kerch Peninsula iCrimea phambi yaqhubeka phakathi ku-Matshi. amaqela elihamba Eight, zixhaswa imikhosi ezimbini itanki, lasungula ekhubekisayo. Ngelo xesha elinye Sevastopol bayingqinga wambetha Maritime Army. Kodwa break zange baphumelele kubo zabo. BaseJamani sicinga ukuhlaselwa ezilishumi ngosuku. Ke ukuziphendulela amaNazi 'abazange ukuphatha ukuba nempumelelo. iikhompawundi aye laba nempumelelo, kodwa akaba nako ukuyenza sikhundla. Emva koko, lo ngaphambili izinzisiwe kwaye ngobunzulu zokulwa lihlile.

ekhubekisayo German

Ekupheleni kukaMatshi imikhosi Soviet kulahleke enye neshumi lamawaka abantu ukususela baqala Battle of the Kerch Peninsula. Isigaba sesithathu kwaqala uhlaselo waseJamani. Ndakubumba ngenyameko ixesha elide ngayo. Ngenxa yoko, le Buze ngaphambili kwakhiwa ukuhlasela asiphumelelanga Red Army (-ekuthiwa arc) kuloo ndawo apho icandelo isiRomania kokupheliswa. Eyona imikhosi ezingundoqo nomkhosi lowo bagxila apha. Ngoxa kumazantsi eli yokuzikhusela wathabatha amaqela amathathu kuphela.

Manstein wagqiba ukwenza kushenxa, bayixabela ngohlangothi lwekrele yona ngasezantsi. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ukusekelwa ezibalulekileyo bathunyelwa eCrimea. Panzer Division, eyakhiwa ikhulu elinamanci asibhozo iimoto bafika kummandla ongaphandle Sevastopol. AmaJamani laqhuba uphando olunzulu waza wafumana ubuthathaka ukuziphendulela imikhosi Soviet. Ukuxhasa lohlaselo acwangcisiweyo, amaNazi wayezimisele ukusebenzisa moya. Ukuze wenze oku, ngokwemiyalelo lobuqu Hitler, usingasiqithi sele ithunyelwe ku Air lweSizwe. Kwakhona, lo moya evela eRomania. Noko ke, bendiza zimoto kuphela baba baseJamani.

amabutho Soviet zazikufuphi ngaphambili. Oku khumbula amangqina amaninzi ezo ziganeko. Ngokutsho kwababhali-mbali, yaba umyalelo nolungafanelekanga Mehlis Kozlov kwaye kwakhokelela ntlekele olulandelayo. Kunokuba ashiye amaqela ngasemva apho bechuba ngaphandle ummandla, basoloko eziqhutywa phambili.

lahluleka obulalayo

Lohlaselo yaqala ngomhla wesixhenxe ka Meyi. kuhlaselwa Umhlaba ezandulela aviapodgotovka. Luftwaffe wahlasela iithagethi kwangaphambili reconnoitered. Ngenxa yoko, imikhosi yiSoviet ubunzima ilahleko kwiindawo ezininzi. ikomkhulu omnye imikhosi yatshatyalaliswa. Ngenxa yoko, umyalelo wegqitha waya Colonel Kotov.

Ngosuku olulandelayo baqala elihamba ekhubekisayo. Ngenkxaso kwamatanki enzima amaJamani waphuncuka ngaphambili kwi ubunzulu km ezisixhenxe. Impact ngesiquphe zasilela ukubonisa kule ndawo. Kwakhona Ezomva imikhosi Red Army ifike. amanani yakhe encinane, kodwa yokuhlaselwa elwandle yabangela ukwesaba phakathi amajoni Soviet. NgoMeyi, i Manstein lesithoba wangena edabini omnye ngaphezulu eqeleni lakhe. AmaJamani wakwazi ekugqibeleni bayagqobhoza ngaphambili yaye ukwahlula phantse lonke iqela esemazantsi. Ngokukhawuleza emva koko, lo Wehrmacht zenzeka emantla, basabisa ukuba angasibetha ephangweni yomkhosi aseleyo phambili iCrimea.

I ukuthatha ingqalelo imeko eyabangelwa, ebusuku ngolweshumi Meyi kukho yingxoxo yabucala ephakathi Stalin ne Kozlov. Kwagqitywa ukuba lirhoxe kumgca elitsha yokuzikhusela. Kodwa washiya emva kokuhlaselwa womoya umkhosi leaderless ekhubekisayo waseJamani abakwazanga. A igalelo omtsha ubethwe kwicala le Cimmerian isikhondo, ophathiswe indima kumgca omtsha esemqoka. Battle of the Kerch Peninsula amajoni Soviet akuphumelelanga. Ityalwa khona apho umoya ukuhlasela yaseJamani wancedisa ekugqibeleni bayagqobhoza, bayangena ukuziphendulela. Elinesine Meyi waqalisa ngobungxamo oluBomvu Army ukusuka eCrimea. Emva kosuku olunye, amaJamani nkobe Kerch. Lenqaba idolophu walwa wada waphuma emthethweni, emva koko abavikeli isixeko bangena ambiwa kuyo.

Battle of the Kerch Peninsula: iziphumo

Kokufika Kerch ekuqaleni wazisa impumelelo. edge entsha iye yasekwa, kunokwenzeka ukuba omnye kuhlaselo ezinkulu-scale yokuqala. Noko ke, umyalelo nolungafanelekanga eentloko ezaxhobela kukhokelele imiphumo ebuhlungu. In kwiinyanga nje ezimbalwa ukutsha kakhulu, amaJamani wakwazi ukuqhuba kuphela sikhundla, kodwa ukuya kwinqanaba lohlaselo. Ngenxa yoko, i-Wehrmacht wambetha ngokukrwela ngobuchule wacinga-ngaphandle, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni kokoyiswa, eyaphelela ngayo Battle of the Kerch Peninsula. Ngokufutshane imfazwe ochazwe iidayari ze Kozlov kunye Manstein.

Ngaphandle ukusilela kwenu kukusebenza, kwaba intwasahlobo sele ekhubekisayo noloyiso kwi usingasiqithi kwi-yesine amane.

Ukuhlasela yesibini

Kwiminyaka emibini emva eqalile ukoyiswa ziwela amajoni ezintsha kwi Kerch port. 1944 waba unyaka nokukhululwa eCrimea. Xa becwangcisa uhlaselo usingasiqithi umyalelo ukuqwalasela zonke iinkcukacha yokusebenza yokuqala. Azov kwezithuthi useleganelwe ukunikezela amajoni. Avala waba zintshula lokuqhubeka ezinkulu-scale ekhubekisayo.

a ekhubekisayo elikhulu-scale wayelungiselela ngeli xesha. Ngenxa yoko ibetha evela kumacala amabini. Amashumi-yesibini ka January malunga neshumi elinesihlanu lamawaka Red Army laqalisa enqanaweni aye Kerch. Ukuze bagubungele ukusebenza izicwangciso, lo zokudubula eSoviet baqalisa neziqhushumbisi omkhulu zonxweme. Umlilo kakhulu lubangelwe hayi kwindawo ukugaleleka ukuba disorient utshaba. Kwakhona, a izikhephe embalwa wenza tekelela emhlabeni.

Kufuphi ebusuku amabini yesibini kukaJanuwari ukuba luzizi kwi kwizibuko Kerch. th 1944 kusekude imizuzu yingqele 42, ngoko ke uMarines akazange bangathwali ilahleko ezibalulekileyo ukususela emzimbeni. Ngoko nangoko emva kokuba ukugaleleka paratroopers angena emfazweni yaye wenza inkqubela ebonakalayo. It yathinjwa inxalenye enkulu yesixeko. Nakuba kunjalo, kuza kwelinye icala umkhosi ayikwazanga bayagqobhoza, bayangena ukhuseleko German. Ngoko ke, lo paratroopers kwafuneka ulahle ezabo. Ngexesha ekulweni, omnye ithathele likwazile ukufaka 170 amajoni German. Emva kweentsuku nje ezimbalwa, kokuzifaka iilahleko ezibalulekileyo, afohlela waqhekeza okusingqongileyo kunye enxulumene kunye neeyunithi phambili. Enyanisweni, kuye kwaphindwa Battle of the Kerch Peninsula ngo 1941-1942, kokukhona ngempumelelo kuphela.