UGeorge Gordon Byron, "Childe Harold Pilgrimage": isishwankathelo. "Childe Harold Pilgrimage" - inkondlo kwiindawo ezine

Kule nqaku siza kuqwalasela imbongo ngu-Byron, eyapapashwa kwithuba ukususela ngo-1812 ukuya ku-1818, siza kuluchaza umxholo wayo omfutshane. "Childe Harold Pilgrimage" - ngulo gama lomsebenzi odumileyo kwihlabathi lonke.

Okokuqala, masithethe amagama ambalwa malunga nembali yokudalwa kwembongo. I-Byron ngasekupheleni kukaJune 1809 yaqalisa uhambo lwakhe lomnyaka amabini. Waye tyelela iSpain, iPortugal, iTurkey, uAlbania, iGrisi. Umlobi wayenomdla kwindlela abantu abahlala ngayo, ukuba yintoni inkcubeko yabo. Ulwahlulo lwentlalo kunye nalo awayejongene nawo, ngokukodwa, wamxabela. I-Byron yabona ukungabikho kwamanyathelo angaphandle kunye nabasemakhaya, abangenamkhawulo. Wayecaphukisa ngenxa yokuntula ngokupheleleyo kwamalungelo abantu basekuhlaleni. Yonke le nto ibangele ukuba imbonakaliso yombongo kwimibandela eyenza iqonga lembongo, umxholo wayo omfutshane. "Childe Harold Pilgrimage" ngumsebenzi apho umbhali ethintela kwiingqungquthela ezibalulekileyo zeembali kunye nosuku, kunye neengxaki ezingunaphakade.

Olu hambo lweminyaka emibili lunikezele kakhulu umbongi. Wayeqonda ukuba i-lira yakhe kufuneka isebenze uluntu. U-Byron wazizwa ukubizwa kwakhe. Kule minyaka emi-2 imbongi ibhale iingoma zokuqala ezi-2 zengqungquthela yakhe ezayo "Childe Harold Pilgrimage". Umxholo omfutshane wolu msebenzi unikeza ingcamango kuphela ngesalathisi, kodwa kungekhona malunga neempawu zobugcisa. Ngoko ke, ngaphambi kokuba siye kwinqutyana engundoqo yale nqaku, siya kuthetha amagama ambalwa ngabo.

Byron Romanticism

Lo msebenzi uthathwa njengowokuqala ngo-Byron-romance, kunye nomdaniso woluhlobo olutsha, oluhluke kumabandu ngaphambili. UGeorge Gordon akagijimi kwizinto eziyinyani, ngokungafani namanye amagama abaculi. Umbongi uvikela inkululeko yabantu, ilungelo labo elingenakulifumana ukulwa nemfazwe yesizwe-inkululeko. I-Byron ikhuthaza ukukhuselwa komntu wabantu ekuhlazisweni nasekuhlaselweni. Nangona kunjalo, kudinga isenzo esisebenzayo kumntu ngokwakhe. Umlobi uyamgweba ngehlazo ngenxa yokunyaniseka kwakhe.

Njengazo zonke izidalwa zothando, uGeorge Byron uhlabelele ngendalo. Kodwa kule nkalo yahluke kwabanokuqala. Umlobi wahlabelela ngokungaqali, kodwa ngokubhekiselele kumntu. U-Byron wagxeka ukuba kuphela umntu okhulile ngokomoya kwaye ukhululekile unokufumana ukuvisisana nendalo. Ukuqhagamshelaniswa kwamaxesha okugqithiseleyo umxholo wonke. Ukukhanya kwelanga lanamhlanje kukukhanyisa ixesha elidlulileyo kwaye ngexesha elifanayo kusenza sikhangele kwixesha elizayo.

Iinkalo eziphambili zomsebenzi esaziqaphele. Makhe sizenze ngokukhawuleza kumxholo omfutshane wenkondlo ethi "Childe Harold Pilgrimage."

Ingoma 1 (isishwankathelo)

Inxalenye yokuqala ibhekisela ekuhlaseleni kweNapoleon ye- Peninsula yase - Iberia. Umbongi uvelana nabaSpanish, abalwa nabahlaseli. UGeorge Byron ubonisa abantu kwiingqungquthela ezinkulu, ngesenzo, xa abantu behlekisa, basebenza, balwa. Kwintsimi yakhe yombono kunye nobuntu obuqinileyo. Ngokomzekelo, uthetha ngentombi e Saragossa. Umlobi ubona ubunye beqhawe nabantu njengento ebalulekileyo kwimpumelelo yomzabalazo wabemi beSpeyin ngenxa yezizathu ezilungileyo. Olu luleko lubalulekile kwezinye izigqila ezilindele iSpain ukufumana inkululeko. Umbongi u nethemba lokuba abemi bakwamanye amazwe baya kuvuka emva kwakhe. Oku kuthethwa kwingoma yokuqala yenkondlo ethi "Childe Harold Pilgrimage".

Iingoma ezi-2

Umxholo omfutshane wengoma yesibili yomsebenzi uhlakula umxholo we-odlulileyo. Umbhali uyaqhubeka nomxholo wabantu abahlukileyo. Ngethuba lohambo, u-Childe Harold use-Albania, waya kwiGrisi.

Inkcazo yeGrisi

Ingxenye ebalulekileyo yeengoma yesibini inikezelwa kweli lizwe. Inkcazo yayo kunye nesishwankathelo esilungileyo siyaqhubeka. "Childe Harold Pilgrimage" ngumsebenzi apho i-Byron ibona umehluko phakathi kwexesha elidlulileyo laseGrisi, okwakunzima kakhulu, kunye neendawo ezihlazo zabantu abaphantsi kwejoka laseTurkey. UGeorge Gordon uyamkela "iHellas enhle". Nangona kunjalo, inzondelelo yakhe ithatha indawo yengqumbo yakhe kwintsimi yakhe, eyayithobela idyokhwe yabanqobi-abangaziwayo. IGrisi, uyaphawula, inyathelwa emdakeni. Bend umqolo wamakhoboka phantsi kwe-Turkish whips, kodwa isiGrike sithe cwaka. Oku kuvukela imbongi.

Nangona kunjalo, ingqumbo yakhe ithathelwa yinto ethemba ukuba abantu basenalo "amandla enkululeko yokungenakunyaniseki" ehambelana nookhokho babo. Kwaye imbongi ibongoza ilizwe ukuba livukele ukulwa. Uthando luka-Byron lweGrisi aluguqukanga. Iindinyana zombongo onikezelwe kuye zisinceda ukuba siqonde isizathu sokuba uGeorge Gordon anqume ukuba athathe inxaxheba kumzabalazo wenkululeko yabantu baseGrike.

Ukupapashwa kweengoma zokuqala ezimbini

Iingoma zokuqala ezimbini zeembongo zizelwe ngoMatshi 10, 1812. Isishwankathelo sabo sinikezwe ngasentla. "U-Childe Harold Pilgrimage" ngokukhawuleza waphumelela. I-Byron emva kokupapashwa kweengoma ezimbini zokuqala zafumana udumo olukhulu. Umsebenzi wakhe uphile kwiimpapasho ezininzi, kwaye udumo lukaGeorge Gordon lukhula imihla ngemihla.

Ingoma yesithathu

Ukufika eSwitzerland, i-Byron yaqalisa ukufunda ubomi kweli lizwe. Yonke into eyayibonakala iyimangalisa, yabamba kwidayari yakhe kunye neencwadi. Isibongo sichaza abemi bendawo, indlela yabo yobomi, imvelo, indawo zembali. Zonke ezi mboniso ziquka inkondlo ethi "Childe Harold Pilgrimage". Isishwankathelo sesingoma yesithathu sinikezelwa ngqalelo.

Kubonakalisa amava ohambo lwembongi. U-Byron waphoqeleka ukuba ashiye eSwitzerland, eshiya ilizwe lakubo. Kuleli lizwe, ubonakalisa kwi-Battle of Waterloo (imbongi yokuqala yavakashela le ndawo yembali), ixoxa ngokutshatyalaliswa kweNapoleon.

Ukubonakalisa kwimfazwe

Umbono weembongi kwi- Battle of Waterloo iya kwimifanekiso yezobukhulu. U-Byron akayeki ukucinga malunga neenkqubela iimfazwe ezingayeki ukukhokela uluntu, kangangeminyaka emininzi, zonakalisa ubuhle obudalwe ngezandla zomntu, kunye nemvelo. Iingcamango zemfazwe ziyavakala xa iqhawe lomculo lomsebenzi lifanisa imfazwe yaseManziloo kunye nelifa eliye laqhutywa ngekhulu le-15, xa isixeko saseMorat silwela ukuzimela. U-Byron uqaphele ukuba le mpi ayiphumelelwanga ngamaqhwaba, kodwa ngobuzwe, inkululeko, umthetho. Ezi njongo kuphela ezinokuthi zilungele iimfazwe zamanzi, njengoko uGeorge Byron wakholwa ("Childe Harold Pilgrimage").

Isishwankathelo sesahlulo sesithathu, nangona kunjalo, asibandakanyi nje iingcamango zemfazwe. Sincoma ukuba uqhelane nezinye iindimu ezibalulekileyo zokuqiqa kukaByron.

Unxibelelwano phakathi komntu kunye nendalo, ukuzukiswa kukaRousseau kunye neVoltaire

Ukuhlolisisa uhlobo lweSwitzerland, uGeorge Gordon ufika kwingcamango yokuba wonke umntu uyinxalenye yendalo. Uvuyo lobomi lulobubumbano balo. Ukuphuhlisa ingcamango yakhe, imbongi izukisa ukukhanyisa uRousseau, owakhuthaza ukuxhamla kwindoda kunye nendalo. Le nfilosofi yavakalisa izimvo zenkululeko kunye nokulingana kwabantu. U-Byron ukhumbula omnye umcinge, uVoltaire. Walungiselela iingqondo zabantu ngenxa yenguqulelo. Ingqondo yakhe "ngesiseko sokungabaza" yakha itempile "yengcamango."

Ngoko, kwingoma yesithathu yombongo, iingcinga zeembongi zibonakaliswa kwaye iziganeko zehlabathi lonke zazixhalabile ngelo xesha. Iingingqi ze-Byron ezilula, ezihlazileyo zeengoma zendalo, iimpawu ezichanileyo nezichanekileyo zobuntu obuhlukeneyo bezembali, kunye nesimo sengqondo apho ibhola phambi kweMfazwe yase-Waterloo iboniswe.

Ingoma yesine

Ngoku siphendukela kwingcaciso yeengoma yesi-4 yenkondlo ethi "Childe Harold Pilgrimage". Yadalwa e-Italy yaye yapapashwa ngokuqala ngo-1818. Kuba i-Byron Italy yaba yindawo apho ubomi bakhe obuninzi kunye neengcamango zobuqili babonakaliswa. Kwalapha uGeorge Gordon wafumana ulonwabo emva kokudibana noTeresa Guiccioli.

Inkcazelo ye-Italy

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ingoma yesine yona nto ihamba ngamandla emsebenzini. Kuyo, i-Byron ifuna ukudala umfanekiso ohlukeneyo welizwe, owaba ngowakhe wesizwe. UGeorge Gordon wayemthanda kakhulu iItali. Wayeyithanda kakhulu inkcubeko yakhe yobugcisa kunye neembali ezidlulileyo. Nangona kunjalo, imbongi yayimjonga njengendoda engazange ayibale abantu bayo kunye nelizwe lakubo. Kuze kube ngoko, "ngelixa ulwimi lwaseBrithani luvakala," umlobi omkhulu uGeorge Gordon Byron uya kulondoloza ilizwe lakhe.

"I-Childe Harold Pilgrimage" kodwa izinikele ngokukodwa ekuchazeni kwamanye amazwe. Kulo mbonakalo, i-Italy yilizwe elithile kwabanye abantu abakwazi ukuba ngumfokazi. U-Byron uyaqiniseka ukuba ngenxa yokuhlonipha kwakhe "izizwana mazize zivuke." Nangona kunjalo, ubiza amaTaliyane ngokwabo ukuba balwe. Uthi umntu kufuneka akhumbule imimiselo evela kwimbali yelizwe lakhe, ephawulwe ngedluli elidlulileyo. Ekukhunjweni kwabantu, oonyana bakhe abakhulu mabahlale behlala. Umbongi, ngokubhekisela kwiVenice, ukhumbuza abantu "inkululeko yeminyaka eliwaka." U-Byron akakwazi ukubona indlela adibana ngayo nokulahlekelwa kwakhe ukuzimela. Uqinisekile ukuba umphefumlo womntu ukhula kwaye ukhula kuphela kumzabalazo.

Ukuqiqa malunga namaqhawe aseItali, abacabangi kunye neebongozi

EFerarre ukhumbula uTolquato Tasso, umbongi omkhulu, uGeorge Gordon Byron ("Childe Harold Pilgrimage"). Isishwankathelo esifutshane sebali elichanekileyo negama lakhe kufuneka lichazwe ngokuqinisekileyo.

UMbusi wanikela umyalelo wokuvakalisa u-Tasso udidekile, emva koko le mbongi uchithe iminyaka engama-7 entolongweni. U-Byron ubhala ukuba igama likaDuke liza ku libala ukuba ubunzima bakhe bungazange budibane ne-Torquato. Amaqhawe aseNtaliyane, abacingisi kunye nabongobongozi bayathandeka kubo bonke. UGeorge Gordon ubiza uFlorence, apho uBoccaccio, uPeterrarch noDante bazalwa, "isixeko esingenabongi," ekubeni apha "akukho zibhasi." "Ilizwe lamaphupha akhe" laliyiRoma, leyo imbongi eyanikezela ezininzi iindawo. Umbono ka-Byron ngokusebenzisa amatshaba kunye nezikhumbuzo zifuna ukungena kwizinzulu zeenkulungwane ukuze kuvuselelwe ixesha elide.

Ukujongwa kwimbali

Ingoma yesine ineenkcazelo ezininzi zeemidlalo zaseNtaliyane. Nangona kunjalo, kubonisa nendlela uByron ezama ngayo ukunqoba imbono yothando yembali yoluntu kwimbongo yakhe ethi "I-pilgrimage ka-Childe Harold." Isishwankathelo sezahluko zalo msebenzi akuwona umsebenzi olula, njengoko kunengqiqo eninzi kuyo kwaye akukho nakwicala. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba umlobi uqobo uyamangalisa ngokubonakala kwakhe kweemeko ezizayo. Uzikhumbuza ngokwakhe ukucinga ukuze angaphambuki kwiingxabano ezichazwe kwizinto eziyinyani. Kwiingcaphuno ezinikezelwe kwi-revolution eFransi, uGeorge Gordon uvakalisa ithemba lokuba imbewu ehlwayelwe inkululeko kwixesha elizayo "ayisayi kubuthwala isiqhamo esinzima."

Ixesha kunye ngonaphakade

I-Byron, njengamaculo amathathu adlulileyo, ichaza ubuhle bemvelo kwisahlulo sesine senkondlo ethi "Child's Harold's Pilgrimage", isishwankathelo esivele sisondela kwisiphelo. Umfanekiso wolwandle, omelelwe ekupheleni komsebenzi, awunakulibaleka, njengowomfanekiso wenkomo yamanzi yaseVelino, leyo idlulisela konke ubuqaqawuli bayo. Ngokutsho kukaGeorge Gordon, uhlobo lunikeza umntu ithuba lokudibanisa ngonaphakade. Kwiqapheli lembongi, ubude obungunaphakade ludidi olusoloko. Ixesha lihlala lihamba ngesantya, likhawuleza. Ukusebenza kwexesha ngokuqhelekileyo kubangela uGeorge Byron ukuba abe nosizi nokudangala. Nangona kunjalo, naye unethemba elithile. Umbongi ukholelwa ukuba kwixesha elizayo abo bamnyundela baya kubonakala. Ixesha kuphela li-corrector "yezigwebo zobuxoki."

Oku kugqiba "i-Childe Harold Pilgrimage." Isishwankathelo seengoma zalo msebenzi, eqinisweni, sinikeza ingcamango epheleleyo nje. Kufuneka kuphawulwe ukuba i-AS Pushkin yayinomdla kakhulu kwimbongo, eyayiqhubelela inguqulelo yayo. Umsebenzi unomdla obomi obukhulu bukaGeorge Byron ukususela ebusheni bakhe ukuya ekuqaleni kwexesha elivakalayo emsebenzini wakhe.