"Tale of adlulileyo Iminyaka": uhlobo, compositional kunye nentsusa zesimbo

Uhlobo "Tale of adlulileyo Iminyaka" sichazwa irekhodi, kunye omdala. Kukho iintlelo ezintathu zayo, ezinxulumene 1113, 1116 no 1118 kwiminyaka. lokuqala waba yimbangi Nestor, okwesibini - umphathi uSylvester, umsebenzi owenziwe ngesicelo Vladimira Monomaha. akuzange kube lula ukuseka upapasho wesithathu uMdali, kodwa siyazi ukuba ibiya Mstislav Vladimirovich.

inkqubo Old iincwadi Uhlobo Russian

iincwadi Old Russian iquka sub ezimbini - neentlobo zoncwadi wempangelo kunye zonqulo. Eyesibini ivaliwe ngakumbi yaye ibandakanya iZibhalo ubomi kunye ukuhamba, kunye ubugagu grand katitshala. Neentlobo zoncwadi wempangelo thaca iinoveli zomkhosi yemihla ukulanda ezi ziganeko zembali ukusuka komnye unyaka ukuya komnye. Yiba ukufana ethile ukuya chronograph lamaByzantine. Noko ke, xa ngokudala "Tale of adlulileyo Iminyaka", uhlobo chronograph ababhali Russian ayizange isetyenziswe. Kwagqitywa kakuhle kamva.

"Tale of adlulileyo Iminyaka": uhlobo

NguDmitry Likhachev wabhala enfilade, okanye lomculo, uhlobo kulwakhiwo ezikhumbuzo yokubhala yamandulo. Le isici esasenza phantse yonke imisebenzi ezibhaliweyo xesha Kievan Rus - itekisi sithathwa ngokwahlukeneyo ekucingelwa ukuba ibe akhangele ukufakwa kwezinye iindawo. Ngoko xa lo msebenzi ifuna "ukukhetha uhlobo" I Tale of adlulileyo Iminyaka "," khumbula ukuba ingxelo iquka:

• izivumelwano (umzekelo, Russian-aseByzantium ngo-1907);
• Ubomi zabaNgcwele - Boris kunye Gleb, Feodosiya Pecherskogo ;
• "Lo bulumko" kunye nezinye izicatshulwa.

Amabali ukuba abe intsomi imvelaphi ngokukhawuleza (umzekelo, ibali ukufa Oleg, ibali indlela nomfana-Kozhemyaka wamoyisa Pecheneg hero), nayo ezendeleyo encwadini yeembali "I Tale of adlulileyo Years". Yintoni uhlobo le misebenzi? Bafana ukuya sentsomi okanye legend. Ukongeza, le umlando ekuthiwa-ibali osemqoka malunga zolwaphulo wenkosi uya - ngathi Cornflower ilitha. Okokuqala xa ngokuphuma kwabo uhlobo babe nguDmitry Likhachev.

Qaphela ukuba le "lomculo", iyantlukwano ayenzi uhlobo 'Tale of adlulileyo Iminyaka "into engacacanga, kwaye lesikhumbuzo - ingqokelela elula zezicatshulwa random.

Ukucaciswa of

Iiyunithi eziphambili compositional le "Tale of adlulileyo Iminyaka" kukho amanqaku zemozulu, eqalela la magama "Ehlotyeni ...". Oku yemihla yamandulo sahlukile chronographs Byzantine leyo ukuchaza iziganeko iintsuku ezidlulileyo njengoko icandelo yembali ukuthatha ayikho konyaka, yaye ubukumkani yomphathi. amanqaku Weather zahlulwe iindidi ezimbini. Eyokuqala iingxelo zemozulu kuthiwa-ukuba kuthinjwe yinyaniso nembali ethile yelo. Ngenxa yoko, umxholo wenqaku kuba 1020 kuphela iindaba mnye: Yaroslav unyana ogama Vladimir. Ingakumbi kakhulu lemiyalezo waphawula kwi Kiev yemihla XII leminyaka.

Ngokwahlukileyo koko, oko ibalisa amabali ukwazisa nje ngalo mcimbi, kodwa lubonisa inkcazo, maxa wambi ngokweenkcukacha ezinkulu. Umbhali libona kuyimfuneko ukuba ucacise wathabatha inxaxheba emfazweni, apho kwenzeka, yintoni umphumo. Kulo mzekelo, a transfer enjalo yelenqe nokuba yeyani ekubizwa inqaku yemozulu.

style enkulukazi

NguDmitry Likhachev, ukuhlola i "Tale of adlulileyo Iminyaka", uhlobo kunye compositional ngokuphuma le lesikhumbuzo bobabo ukuba ndibe ngumzekelo ngeendlela omkhulu kunye ibonwe. Le yokugqibela yi uphawu ingakumbi ezo iindawo umlando "I Tale of adlulileyo Iminyaka", uhlobo ezichazwa ibali yasemkhosini. style Epic unxibelelwano olusondeleyo kunye intsomi, esebenzisa imifanekiso esithatyathwe apho. A Umzekelo umxhelo - iNkosazana Olga, emelwe encwadini yeembali ophindezelayo. Ngaphezu koko, zininzi olusengqiqweni (kangangoko oku laka ingasetyenziswa kubalinganiswa zamandulo iincwadi).

style omkhulukazi

style omkhulu historicism liqhosha kungekuphela umlando litye lesikhumbuzo yamandulo, kodwa uncwadi lonke Kievan Rus. Oku kubonakala kakhulu kumfanekiso zabalinganiswa. Umkhumbuzi akanamdla ebomini babo zabucala kwakunye nabo bangaphandle yonxulumano wobukhosi. Person umdla umbhali aphakathi njenge ummeli ethile ongqongileyo kwezentlalo. Kwakhona nempembelelo iimpawu umlinganiswa, nto leyo share buqapheleke of idealization. Canon uba ingcamango ebalulekileyo for "I Tale ...". Ngoko ke, nayiphi na umthetheli kubonisiwe kule meko kakhulu, bengazi umzabalazo ngokomoya. Yena nesibindi, smart kwaye squad elizinikeleyo. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, inkokeli yenkonzo kubomi kufuneka abangcwele, bathobeleni ukulandela umthetho kaThixo.

Zakomkhulu psychology unknown zabalinganiswa zakhe. Umbhali medieval waziva ngabaza, ebhekisela umlinganiswa "ezilungileyo" okanye "ububi", kunye nemifanekiso ezintsonkothileyo yaye iphikisana, aqhelekileyo kuthi evela yoncwadi lwamandulo ezinokuvela.