Ngubani na Democritus? ezibonakalayo Democritus

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba Greece yamandulo unina iingqiqo yangoku-bulumko kunye nezinye izifundo zesayensi. Ivela kweli lizwe beza kuthi iimfundiso zobulumko zamandulo zamaGrike kunye izazinzulu ubukho iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ezenzeka ehlabathini, kuquka engqondweni.

Aristotle, uPlato, Archimedes, uDiogenes, uSocrates, Democritus, Leucippus, uEpicurus kunye nabanye abaninzi baba wabaseki bulumko kwinzululwazi. Oku kusekelwe kwiimfundiso, ukuphuculwa, okanye iingcamango zabo ezintsha alwayo.

Kweli nqaku siza kuthetha ngakumbi ngubani na Democritus. Abantu ezifana Aristotle uSocrates, mhlawumbi, baziwa kude ebantwaneni. Xa izifundo Imbali yesikolo mihla aba bantu ngokuyimfuneko okhankanywe. Ke amagama Democritus, uEpicurus, Leucippus eyaziwa kwizangqa sincinane phakathi kwabantu abaye bakhetha kwintanda-bulumko isiseko yomsebenzi wabo. Iimfundiso ezi zobulumko kakhulu nzima kwaye nzulu ukuqonda ngakumbi.

Ngubani Democritus

Democritus (Demokritos Latin.) - sobulumko Greek. Wazalwa malunga 460 BC yaye waphila 360 BC. Sinokholo ephambili Democritus - na imfundiso atomistic, umseki apho uye waba.

Umhla ngqo wokuzalwa bulumko, akukho bani owaziyo. Ezinye izazinzulu ixesha ibango ukuba wazalwa ngo-460 BC. e, ezinye -. 470 BC. e. Kulo mzekelo, kanye bathi ngubani na tye, akunakwenzeka.

Kakade ke, engobomi Democritean akakwazi kuchazwa ngokugcweleyo. Kukho ezininzi izinto ezingachanekanga. Noko ke, kukhuselekile ukuthetha malunga ngemvelaphi yale bulumko kwintsapho esisityebi.

indlela yokuphila

UDiogenes Laertius edlula ilejendi ukuba sobulumko kuzo izazi kunye namaKaledi, ababekho ukumkani wasePersi uyise. Legend yokuba isipho yanikwa ukubonga ngenxa yokuba umkhosi ka-Ahaswerosi wondliwa isidlo xa badlula eThrace - kwidolophu yase Democritus.

Democritus wayeyoliswa kakhulu zohambo. Ngoko ke, eli ilifa osisityebi ndalichitha kanye oko. Ngexesha lakhe, Democritus watyelela ubuncinane 4 ithi - eYiputa, iPersi, India neBhabhiloni.

Kwakukho nexesha kubomi bulumko, xa athe wahlala eAthene baza bafunda iincwadi uSocrates. Kwakhona, kukho ubungqina bokuba Democritus ngoxa wabonwa Anaxagoras.

"Esinye isilwanyane" sobulumko

Abaninzi ababephila ngexesha lakhe abazange ingaqondwa ngubani na Democritus. Wayedla washiya kwidolophu yakhe ngenjongo yokuba wedwa. Ukubaleka baphume umsindo befuna, wayetyelela emangcwabeni. Democritus ukuziphatha rhoqo engaqhelekanga hlukile: akaba wavele wahleka ngaphandle kwesizathu, kuba nje iingxaki zabantu wambetha abe funny. Ngenxa kule nxalenye yokuziphatha wakhe wabizwa ngokuba "sobulumko ehleka".

Abaninzi bakholwa sobulumko crazy kancinane. Nangona noHippocrates wamenywa ngokukodwa moshilongo - ugqirha odumileyo xesha, nayo leyo ushiye uphawu yayo ngoku. Isiphumo yentlanganiso sobulumko yaba bubungqina ukuba Democritus entle engqondweni, nasemzimbeni. Kwakhona, ugqirha wathi ingqondo ayelele kulo bulumko.

Works of Democritus

igama Democritus linxulunyaniswa ukwenzeka Theory Philosophy Fundamental - atomism. Le mbono idibanisa inzululwazi ezifana physics, bathi, obunzulu, ngezengqondo zokuziphatha. Kukholelwa ukuba le mbono kwakhona yingxaki iinguqulelo kwizikolo ezintathu ezinkulu zamandulo zamaGrike bulumko: kaPythagoras, Eleatic kunye Milesian.

Izazinzulu zithi Democritus ngexesha wakhe waba yimbangi amaphecana ezahlukeneyo ezingaphezu kwama-70. Izihloko ezi zenzo are kwimibhalo uDiogenes Laertes - ngaphezu wabhala naziphi na ezinye izazinzulu, ngubani na Democritus. Ngokuqhelekileyo, amaphecana baba tetralogy of Sciences ezahlukeneyo - imathematika, inzululwazi, yokuziphatha, uncwadi, ulwimi, isicelo kwezenzululwazi kunye nokuba amayeza.

Ngokwahlukeneyo, kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba Democritus yayigqalwa umbhali "Book of amaKaledi" yaye "Ngomhla imibhalo engcwele eBhabheli." Oku kubangelwa kukuba legend, eyasekwa uqeqesho kunye sobulumko ohambahambayo.

ezibonakalayo Democritus

Le ifilosofi ummeli ubalaseleyo eziphathekayo atomistic. Democritus wathi ihlabathi ezingqongileyo ngokuvisisana ukuqonda ngokoluvo, ziyatshintsheka, zahlukile. Yonke into yenziwa mba kunye yokulungelelanisa yakwalubala. Kwaba ngoko ukuba ibinzana elithi "atom" yaqaliswa kuqala component incinane ayahlukahlukenanga izinto zonke. Imfundiso Democritus uthi ihlabathi liphela yenziwe ngee-atom, iyileyo ihamba sikhala.

Lo bulumko yaba ngobhalo elivela kuzo omtsha embindini boMhlaba, leyo lenzeka ingozi-athom ubunzima ezahlukeneyo, ubungakanani kunye nemilo. Njengoko i-atom ebonakalayo ixabiso ebumbene kwaye obungunaphakade, kukho inani elikhulu athom ubunzima ezahlukeneyo kunye nemilo. Ngenxa yoko, ngoku akukho umxholo, yaye benza into ziyatshintsheka ngenxa intshukumo njalo cleaner.

Postulates of atomism Democritus isicelo iimfundiso malunga nobomi kunye emphefumlweni. Xa ezichaza kwenye yeencwadi zakhe, zonke izinto eziphilileyo umphefumlo, kodwa elowo kangangoko eyahlukileyo. Ubomi nokufa - ke ngenxa yokubola compound okanye atom. Democritus uthe umphefumlo - kunxulumano ezizodwa 'odangazelayo "-athom, leyo, eneneni, naye okwethutyana. Ngokusekelwe kwezi ngcamango ngemfundiso yokungafi komphefumlo bazigatya.