Komzimba kwezonyango indlebe. Ubume indlebe yabantu

Ukuva lungu ezisebenza umsebenzi apho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ubomi babantu. Ngoko yenza ingqiqo ukufunda isakhiwo yayo ngokubanzi.

indlebe nokwakheka

Isakhiwo yokwakheka ngendlebe, kwakunye namacandelo azo inempembelelo ebalulekileyo kumgangatho kwetyala. Ukusuka ukusebenza ngokupheleleyo kulo msebenzi ixhomekeke amalungelo intetho. Ngoko ke, lo indlebe ephile, umntu lula ukwenza imisebenzi ebalulekileyo. Ezi mpawu kunye nonobangela into yokuba komzimba esichanekileyo indlebe kubalulekile.

Ekuqaleni ingqalelo isakhiwo welungu wokuva kufuneka uqale Indlebe kuqala ebeganga amehlo abo eyazi kwisifundo ukwakheka komzimba womntu. Le ibekwe phakathi mastoid kunye kwicala ngasemva zuzwana phambi mandibular ezidibeneyo. Kuyinto ngenxa imbono pinna izandi yindoda engcono. Ukongeza, ukuba le nxalenye ibe sisikhwebu ixabiso elikhulu izithambiso.

Njengoko nandza wa auricle nga kumiselwa intlala ipleyiti, ubukhulu ogama ayidluli 1 mm. On omabini kokuba wayifulela nesikhumba perichondrium. indlebe komzimba kwakhona uveza into yokuba kuphela yinxalenye iqokobhe, akanayo amathambo cartilaginous, i nomhlehlo. Siqulathe ulusu fat nesigqubuthelo. Le auricle unalo inxalenye engaphakathi khaxa kunye phakathi engaphandle, apho isikhumba sivalisisekile unamathele ukuya perichondrium. Ethetha embindini iqokobhe, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba kulo mmandla inyama nokuqina kuphuhliswa buqapheleke kakhulu ngakumbi.

Wasiqinisa lo pinna ukuya zygomatic, inkqubo mastoid kunye isikali amathambo nezenyama yi izihlunu kunye nemisipha.

indlebe komzimba yangaphandle

Le meatus yangaphandle ekuva inokuchazwa nokuqhubekeka lendalo em- yeqokobhe. Ubude umntu omdala nama-2.5 cm. Bepali ziyahluka ukusuka cm 0.7 ukuya 0.9. Esi isigaba nendlebe imilo le mithambo ye unesathuthwane okanye elirhangqiweyo. Inxalenye engaphandle ye indlebe emisele lungahlulwa-hlulwa zibe kumacandelo ezimbini eziphambili: embindini engaphandle membranous-cartilaginous ezinqinileyo. Owokugqibela phantsi indlebe, nto leyo esahlula phakathi kunye nendlebe engaphandle.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba esithathwini ezimbini ubude yangaphandle meatus eziviwayo ithatha membranous-cartilaginous inxalenye. Ke ukuba isebe ithambo, waqhumisela ufumana kuphela isahlulo sesithathu. Njengesiseko isebe membranous-cartilaginous ndikhonza nokuqhubekeka intlala wendlebe, nto leyo uhlobo zivulekile kugutyulelwe angasemva. enza cartilaginous ziphazamise santorinievye nkqo slits esebenzayo. Bona yavalwa izihlunu ezinezikhondo. Le meatus umda ive kunye nobubovu parotid sibekwe kanye kwindawo apho umsantsa data. Le nto ichaza indlela yokuphuhlisa sifo, owayebonakele endlebeni engaphandle, xa le ndlala parotid. Kuyaqondakala ukuba isifo ingahlakazeki ngendlela reverse.

Abo ngokuba lowo ingcaciso efanelekileyo phantsi komxholo othi "ezakhiwe ngeendlebe", kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo yokuba inxalenye membranous-cartilaginous ngethambo liqhagamshelene njengenxenye yoVandlakanyo ekuva meatus yi izihlunu ezinezikhondo. Le nxalenye emxinwa zifumaneka phakathi ikhadi. Walibiza zirhuqwe.

Ngaphakathi kwisebe membranous-cartilaginous ulusu iqulethe isalfure kwamadlala sebaceous, yaye neenwele. It secretion ezi kwamadlala, kwakunye isikali sangaphandle, esele shwaka, usenziwa cerumen.

Iindonga yangaphandle meatus eziviwayo

Indlebe Anatomy kwaye kuquka ulwazi malunga kweendonga ezahlukahlukeneyo, nto leyo zicwangciswe kule ndinyana obungaphandle;

• ithambo udonga olungaphandle. Ukuba oku kuyenzeka ezinjengokwaphuka ukakayi, ngenxa yayo ibe liquorrhea kwaye opha nendlebe lomsele.
• Udonga ngaphambili. Le ibekwe phezu komda kunye emhlathini joint temporomandibular. Ukutshintshelwa ngokwayo iya iintshukumo emhlathini inxalenye membranous-cartilaginous lokudlula lwangaphandle. ubuhlungu ngesiquphe nga kuhamba inkqubo ihlafuna kwityala xa kukho ukudumba eludongeni sobuKristu.

• Ngokumalunga isifundo indlebe komzimba womuntu kwaye udonga elingasemva indlebe emisele engaphandle, leyo esahlula yokugqibela ukususela iiseli mastoid. Emazantsi olu donga ligcinwe luvo ebusweni.
• udonga Bottom. Le nxalenye sicatshulwa engaphandle eyahlula evela kwidlala amathe parotid. Xa kuthelekiswa phezulu oko akusayi 4-5 mm.

Innervation negazi unikezelo kwisiqu wokuxoxwa

Le misebenzi kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo ngokuyimfuneko kwabo bafunda isakhiwo indlebe zabantu. ekuva umbutho komzimba kuquka inkcazelo eneenkcukacha malunga innervation yayo oluqhutywa yi-luvo trigeminal, i vagus amasebe luvo indlebe kunye plexus wesibeleko. Kulo mzekelo, lo ngowona luvo ngomva auricular inikeza unikezelo oludala imithambo-luvo, izihlunu indlebe, nangona indima yabo ezisebenzayo singachazwa njengento ephantsi ngokwaneleyo.

Ngomhla yesihloko igazi kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba ubonelelo igazi inikwa evela kwinkqubo ye lwangaphandle carotid kwemithambo.

igazi ngqo pinna kwenziwa lulekile zexeshana kunye ngomva umfula auricular. Eli qela kunye neempahla zamasebe le maxillary umfula ngomva auricular nokubonelela igazi flow kwiindawo ezinzulu indlebe kunye inwebu tympanic ngokukodwa.

Intlala kuxhaswa yi iimpahla ise-perichondrium.

Phantsi izihloko ezifana 'Anatomy kwaye amalungu kwendlebe ", kubalulekile ukuqwalasela inkqubo amanzi lwemithambo kule nxalenye yomzimba nentshukumo nkovu. igazi lwemithambo kushiya indlebe wendlebe emva low umthambo back-mandibular.

Ngokuphathelele nkovu, lokuphuma wayo ukusuka indlebe engaphandle lwenziwa yi nodes ukuba ngaphambili mastoid of tragus, kunye nodonga ezantsi emjelweni engaphandle eziviwayo.

walimala

Le yinxalenye iqumrhu wokuxoxwa isebenza kwahlulwe wendlebe engaphandle nophakathi. Enyanisweni, kuba isitya kwawo ezinezikhondo, Esiqinileyo ngokwaneleyo kwaye kufana imilo okweqanda.

Ngaphandle kwale ngxelo kuya kuba indlebe ukusebenza ngokupheleleyo. Komzimba isakhiwo walimala ukuxela iinkcukacha ezaneleyo: ubungakanani bayo malunga ne-10 mm, lo gama ububanzi 8-9 mm. An into umdla kukuba abantwana ukuba yinxalenye iqumrhu wokuxoxwa phantse ngokufanayo abadala. Umahluko kuphela lifinyele ukuba ifomu yalo - besebancinane, yena elirhangqiweyo kunye ngokuphawulekayo ziyatyeba. Ukuba ngaba sithatha reference ngongoma lwangaphandle ezikhalayo meatus axis, kuwo drumhead ilahlwe obliquely kwi-engile etsolo (malunga nama-30 °).

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe kanjalo ukuba esi ipleyiti ise emseleni le ring igubu ifayibha-intlala. Phantsi yempembelelo kwamaza indlebe ive uqalisa ndiba kwaye edlulisela oscillations endlebeni eliphakathi.

tympanum

komzimba lwezonyango sendlebe ophakathi luquka ulwazi malunga Isakhiwo awo nemisebenzi. Le yinxalenye iqumrhu wokuxoxwa ibhekisela tympanum, kwakunye ityhubhu eziviwayo kunye nenkqubo kweeseli anomoya. Komgodi ngokwayo - yinto isithuba slot-ezifana nezo, iindonga 6 zingahlukaniswa.

Ngaphezu koko, kwi zendlebe nilithambo indlebe ezintathu - nensimbi, isando nestibili. Bona ezinxulumene sustavchikov encinane. Kulo mzekelo, ihamile kukuba kufutshane ukuya indlebe. Kuyinto linoxanduva entsa amaza omsindo ezosulela yi inwebu kunokubangela isando iqalisa ukungcangcazela. Kamva, zisisa usasazwa ugqithiselwa nensimbi kunye lingaphakathi, yaye ngoko indlebe yakhe yangaphakathi aphendula. Nguwo lowo kwendlela ezakhiwe ngayo endlebeni yomntu kwi indawo ephakathi yayo.

njani endlebeni yangaphakathi

Le yinxalenye iziko ukuva na amathambo zexeshana kunye ndawo ufana maze. Kule nxalenye amaza omsindo ezifunyenweyo similise ngamaza ombane ukuba zithunyelwa ebuchotsheni. Kuphela emva kokugqitywa kwale nkqubo, umntu uyakwazi ukuphendula isandi.

Kubalulekile ukuba banikele ingqalelo yokuba endlebeni engaphakathi iqulethe misele omise. Oku ulwazi olufanelekileyo abo bafunda isakhiwo indlebe zabantu. Anatomy yale yinxalenye iqumrhu wokuxoxwa baneembono kweetyhubhu ezintathu zigobile kwi imilo arc. Bona akhiwe moya ezintathu. Ngenxa kwisebe ngezifo wendlebe inokuba izitenxo kwinkqubo vestibular.

komzimba yemveliso sound

Xa amandla isandi engena kwindlebe engaphakathi, oko iguqulelwa pulses. Kulo mzekelo, ngenxa awohluke yesakhiwo indlebe isandi yomtshangatshangiso kuthe kwaqhenqetha ngokukhawuleza kakhulu. Isiphumo sale nkqubo xa kukuvela uxinzelelo hydrostatic, igalelo ukushenxisa ikhava nembasa. Ngenxa yoko, deformation iiseli iinwele stereocilia, leyo, esiza zibe kwimeko excitation, esebenzisa luvo yovakalelo nokudlulisela ulwazi.

isiphelo

Kulula ukuba uqaphele ukuba isakhiwo indlebe yomntu inzima kakhulu. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba umzimba ukuva ukuba uhlale usempilweni kwaye iyaluthintela uphuhliso izifo ezifumaneka kule ndawo. Kungenjalo, usenokudibana ingxaki enjalo, njengoko yaphula kwimbono yesandi. Ukulungiselela le njongo, xa iimpawu zokuqala kwanokuba zincinane, kucetyiswa ukuba siyokundwendwela igqirha kunye abafanelekayo kakhulu.