Banomkhwa ku peyinta: features ulwalathiso

Banomkhwa ku peyinta - oko indlela kubugcisa bezinto ezibonakalayo emva kwesiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane XVI-XVII. Zivela e Italy kubangelwa intlekele ekuyo i-siseko humanistic, ngokuqhelekileyo le Renaissance. Nenye intsingiselo, le nto ithetha ukuba umkhwa omtsha wezenkcubeko ukuba uphawu ngenxa uncwadi, izakhiwo, ukukrola, umculo.

imvelaphi ye

Banomkhwa ku peyinta livele ngexesha xa wena kodwa waqhubeka ukulawula imigaqo -High Renaissance. Noko ke, ngokunxulumene nenani lobunzima inkcubeko yezentlalo nezoqoqosho, ezopolitiko kunye ngokomoya kwaqondakala kokuphuma ukuqonda zemveli bomntu manyano imigaqo yonke ngokomoya nangokwenyama. abacinga abaninzi, izazinzulu, zizifundiswa waphoxwa eziqulethwe humanistic. It yalahleka inkolelo ukuvisisana ihlabathi, kungenzeka ukuba kwavumela ogqibeleleyo umntu ihlabathi endalo.

Indlela entsha

Le ngenxa la waza waba banomkhwa e peyinta, kuba yona waphawulwa ngokuphambuka esicacileyo esivela olinganise odidi, izigcawu ezibalaseleyo, imifanekiso omkhulukazi. Ngoku, amagcisa baqalisa ukuba babhale ngendlela eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo. Ingcamango yesibini, okuyiyo indlela entsha, njengoko weza izigidimi hayi isiqulatho ezizinzululwazi kwiwebhu kwanolungiso, Ukuntsonkotha neefom ezichuliweyo.

izigaba

Banomkhwa ku peyinta uye kwizigaba ezininzi zophuhliso. Ixesha lokuqala iwela kwiminyaka 1520-1540. Ngeli xesha, i esitsha isimbo ngokukodwa kutyatyamba in Italian, okanye kunoko, kwi izangqa baseRoma sale (Vasari, Pontormo kunye nabanye). Amagcisa ngenkuthalo kakuhle ulwimi olutsha kunye ubuchule bokubonwayo, ekuye kwagxininiswa kumgca, chiaroscuro, engaqhelekanga zesakhiwo, imixholo umbala.

Ekubeni Kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane XVI de malunga ekuqaleni kwinkulungwane elandelayo, umkhwa omtsha yandlale kwilizwekazi liphela, ukuze nolo lwamazwe yaseYurophu yokuba isikolo zayo. Eyona idumileyo kula Fontainebleau eFransi. Ngoko ke, le ndlela iye amkelwa yaseYurophu, waba nempembelelo enkulu kuphuhliso kwekhosi olulandelayo kwinkcubeko - zobuciko.

iimpawu

ukupeyinta banomkhwa Italian wabeka isiseko lonke kwikhosi xa iyonke. Ababhali Young bazama ukoyisa imvisiswano nokuvumelana ngokuqhelekileyo iinkosi Renaissance. Endaweni iimilo anencasa osicaba ukuba bafanekiselwa ngokuhambelana ezaphukileyo, endaweni babesima ezolileyo elungeleleneyo - agility kunye neentshukumo zeentshukumo engamanani, imifanekiso omkhulukazi kwaye iingangamsha sele indawo yi zililo kunokuba ezintsonkothileyo.

Amagcisa wayewenza ukuba adlulisele amaqhawe amandla ngaphakathi. Kwaye ngenxa yale njongo siye babhenela nokwaphulwa ukuvumelana ukukhanya. Amanani ziye zenziwe ngabom evuthelweyo, wolula ngaphezu inani yomfanekiso eyaphukileyo. Ababhali basebenzisa imibala epholileyo Ngokwahlukileyo langaphambili, nto leyo efuna ukudlulisela uxolo ngokomoya nemvisiswano ngaphakathi, zipeyintwe ngemibala ezishushu.

ukusebenza

Ngoko ke, le indlela ethile banomkhwa, ukuvumela ukuba ukwaba kuyo kwisigaba eyahlukileyo ekuphuhliseni inkcubeko kunye nobugcisa. Nangona abanye abaphandi batyekela ukubona kuyo nayiphi na enye yezi mpawu le Renaissance, okanye lokuqala ezimbejembeje. Noko ke, iingcali ezininzi idibane kwinto yokuba kungekho indlela nanto yokuqala kakhulu, enika izizathu, ukuba bakhethe loo ube liqonga eyahlukileyo yophuhliso. Umzekelo, abagxeki ukuba nemimoya ke yenza isiseko i sacral ezimbejembeje. Nanamhlanje, kukho bexelisa le isimbo kubugcisa obubonwayo. Ngoko ke zintoni ezinye iimpawu isiqhelo yakutshanje - neomanerizm.

Kwamanye amazwe

A umkhwa omtsha isagquba kumazwe aseYurophu, ubukhulu becala ngenxa yokuba la magcisa Italian wasebenza kwiqela amaziko enkcubeko kwilizwekazi. Kodwa iingcibi bendawo babonisa umdla elininzi ulwimi olutsha ubugcisa, iindlela, kuthetha ekhombisa. Iimpawu Imizobo amagcisa mannerist ziboniswe kwi imisebenzi E. namaRoma.

Isizathu sokuba ukuthandwa isimbo kuthathwa ukuba azakubalulwa kolube eziphambili courtly. Akukho nto kule ndawo esanda bavuselela entandweni romance courtly, imixholo babonakala befumana ubomi yesibini imisebenzi amagcisa yokuqala mihla.

Ngelo xesha, le isimbo kwaba bantu ecacileyo kwaye zifikeleleka kuphela kuphela. Yaba umjikelezo wenkundla kunye ibhotwe zizifundiswa. Yaye andikhange abanemfundo umda ngokubanzi njengoko iingcinga zobuntu eziqulathwe kule mizobo. Media kamu ezahlukeneyo yobucukubhede kunye, nto leyo eyenza umsebenzi kunzima ukufunda. Banomkhwa ku peyinta, iimpawu ezahlukileyo kakhulu ukusuka yokubhala abameli Renaissance, nangona ngokubanzi, kunjalo akuthethi ukuba into ebonakalayo kwindawo inkcubeko. Ubuchule Titans edumileyo, waye ixabiso apho imikhulu kangaka nje, uye ngaphaya kwemida arts waza wafumana ehlabathini.

Lo mkhuba siseko humanistic amanga neqiniso ukuba ukubaluleka zenkcubeko kodwa intlalo nopolitiko kuphela. Yintoni enokuthethwa banomkhwa. Nakuba kunjalo, kufuneka zijongwe njengesiganeko lwembonakalo kwezobugcisa, kuba ebhalwe inguqu ukusuka kudala classical ukuya yobuciko.