Ukupeyinta yase. Abameli yokuhlobisa ukupeyinta, kunye nomfanekiso

Kubugcisa bezinto ezibonakalayo kukho iindlela ezininzi. Amaninzi kukho uhlobo olutsha olusekwe kwi ekhona, yaye ngoxa nokuphuhlisa ngaxeshanye. Umzekelo, i-yokuhlobisa ukupeyinta of Western Yurophu kwabunjwa ngokusekelwe sobuciko amakhulu, ibe yinzwakazi.

Noko ke, ukuvela isimbo esitsha, njengoko kudla ngokwenzeka, ekuqaleni nqu kabi. Yokuhlobisa ityala engekho incasa, njengemfeketho kunye okubi. Kodwa ke ukuba ukukhanyela igalelo lakhe kuphuhliso olungaphezulu emihle akunakwenzeka.

Ukuzalwa indlela entsha

France ngekhulu XVII kwaba kusefashonini ukuhombisa parks isitayile GROTTO kunye imihombiso sistucco, ezibe edibene Shell sisityalo iziqu. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, le nkalo zokuhombisa yaba mibala lubalaseleyo zokuhomba, nangona unenzondelelo iinguqu ezibalulekileyo.

Ngu ekuqaleni kwinkulungwane elandelayo, bebandezelwe wayenokubabona iqokobhe eziqhelekileyo, kunokuba kufana curl zodonga egosogoso. Ngoko ke, lo gama French rocaille Ndizuze intsingiselo ngokubanzi. Ngoku alibhekiseli kuphela ilitye okanye iqokobhe, kodwa artsy kunye bhija.

Louis XV ukuba ilifa etroneni ngowe-1715, ngoko ke yokuhlobisa indlela yokudweba maxa wambi ebizwa ngegama lakhe. Enyanisweni, lo sikhokelo ngokulandelelana kakumkani kunye nophuhliso zobugcisa indlela idibana entsha. Yaye ekubeni France kwinkulungwane ekuqaleni XVIII. ukuba abafundi befashoni trendsetter ekuzibonakaliseni, yokuhlobisa craze okwasasazeka lonke elaseYurophu.

isici

art yobuciko, nesuka eItali ngenkulungwane XVII., wayehluke kakhulu ubuhle. Noko ke, naba enkulu eFransi, zange wafumana, nangona ezinye iimpawu zayo ingalandwa kwi indlela yokuhlobisa. Umzekelo, zombini kwemiyalelo zokuhombisa kunye nezityebi, umahluko kuphela kukuba Rocaille ubungangamsha eziphambili ekhululekile, kwaye yobuciko - ehlokomayo langoku.

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, uhlobo elidlulileyo ekuqaleni wabonakala bokwakha, yaye emva koko alaqhenqetha imikrolo, uhombiso nokupeyinta. Ukusuka yokuhlobisa yaba okwahlukileyo. Oku ke kuqala kwi ngaphakathi boudoir kunye zokuphila amagumbi ahlukile. Oko kwaba negalelo kuphuhliso lobugcisa enokusebenziseka bokuhombisa, phantse ngaphandle kokuchaphazela sesakhiwo ukuba ingaphandle.

ukupeyinta yase - oku umfanekiso isigcawu akhaliphileyo ubomi yeengcungcu. Akukho ndawo izinto okhohlakeleyo, ngezizathu zenkolo, kukuzukiswa amandla kunye ubuqhawe. On the canvases baboniswa ethandana yothando ngokundibamba eroticism kwisiqalo-mhlaba fundise. Enye inkalo uphawu lohlobo - akukho ngqondo kukuhamba kwexesha.

Isiseko yembono ye-French yokuhlobisa

Hedonism ne umnqweno wakhe ngenxa yenkolelo njengoko kulungileyo kakhulu kwaye intsingiselo yobomi, kunye entsha exabisekileyo iye-bulumko engundoqo yabantu basebukhosini French kwenkulungwane XVIII. Yena wachaza isiseko nangokweemvakalelo indlela yokuhlobisa e kumzobo, ochazwa ubabalo nangokudlalayo, izimo ezithandekayo kunye neenkcukacha ebukekayo.

Akanakusuke umfanekiso ozithandayo yokuhlobisa waba isiqithi bangafi Kythera - iyaphi abalambele abafuna iziyolo inkanuko. Le ndawo yomhlaba embindini kuLwandle iAegean okunene ikhona.

Apha, ngokutsho kwiintsomi zamaGrike, Aphrodite wazalwa ezintle. Apha kwakukho babezinikele isithixokazi uthando, ngoko, lwavakala kulo lonke eGrisi. weza Aphrodite abalandeli ukuba i siqithi ukwenza imibingelelo engcweleni esingethwe imbeko yakhe.

Xa era yase Kiefer wabonakalisa iparadesi kubathandi abo baya kwisiqithi wentelekelelo endlwini Venus. Kukho ngukumkani eroticism ephucukileyo iiholide obungunaphakade kunye sobuvila. Kiefer kumabhinqa abafana ezintle, kunye akhaliphileyo kakhulu.

Ukususela yenkosi ukuba igumbi lokuhlala yabucala

Ukuxuba kuyilo lamakholwane ingaphakathi labekwa ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XVIII. zokuzilungisa yeengcungcu ibe boudoirs emizi, apho indima engundoqo edlalwa ngabasetyhini, ziye zibe ngamaziko wesiseko inkcubeko chivalrous kunye nemithetho efanelekileyo yokuziphatha.

Umkhosi wonke bejewellery French, abenzi ifanitshala, abathungi, ngabapeyinti kunye abahombisa ukulungele ukuhlangabezana naziphi na izicelo abangenazigqibo wayalela kuyo. fashion yase kuqala isuke yi ukumkanikazi UMariya Leschinskaya kunye umnikazi-Louis XV: i sisidwangube Du Barry kunye Marquise de Pompadour.

Udonga nophahla panels, kwakunye sisincoko ukuboniswa ngaphezu Ekungeneni iifestile neengcango tholo yayizezona zinto ze zobugcisa. Ngoku, ukongezelela royal enkundleni kunye nebandla Kwafika, imizobo zokuhombisa amagcisa ohlala wayalela ebukhosini entsha kunye nabameli Estate yesiThathu.

Genre nemixholo

Nangona iingcamango ezintsha, yokuhlobisa painting akazange abagatye imixholo zemveli ngokupheleleyo siphuhliswa elidlulileyo. Umzekelo, waqhubeka kusetyenziswa imixholo wasentsomini, kodwa ngoku zonke oothixo yamandulo cupids ikakhulu waziqaba kunye Oophunguphungu, kwaye Venus kakhulu njengenenekazi kusefashonini, ebonisa -ngenxa komzimba ze kwimeko piquant.

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, kwakukho pastorale - uhlobo olutsha zegumbi ukupeyinta, ilungiselelwe ngaphakathi zokuhlala. ukupeyinta Pastoral yokuhlobisa i komhlaba yokuchitha zasemaphandleni, wagaleleka kuyo abalusi shepherdesses izinxibo izityebi ukudlala nelembande, ukufunda kunye nomdaniso. Nangona umsebenzi omsulwa, yonke umoya ziqina isigqubuthelo ukukhanya ubuhule.

Pioneer style akhaliphileyo

Owasungula le yokuhlobisa womzobo uthathwa Vatto Zhan-Antoine. Umzobi yaqala tekelela ngabapeyinti Flemish, kodwa ekugqibeleni wafumana isimbo bakhe, obonisa scene akhaliphileyo. Imizobo yakhe luphawulwa kubunzulu ezizodwa zobugcisa hayi nje umfanekiso izinhanha niyahiliza, ukudlala esifubeni wendalo.

Antuan Vatto zaveza canvases ezimbini isihloko yohambo yimizekeliso kwisiqithi abathandi. Omnye kubo: "I Ukuqaliswa for Cythera", ziyaxhonywa Louvre, kunye nezinye - e Berlin, kwi Charlottenburg Palace. Zombini ezi umzekelo ngokumangalisayo indlela yokuhlobisa.

Theatricality, uphawu ngokubanzi ukuba ubugcisa kwenkulungwane XVIII, kubonakala ngakumbi imisebenzi Watteau. Ngokomzekelo, xa kusakhiwa sisincoko ( "Gopikas" "Ngomhla aseChamps Élysées"). Kusoloko kukho isehlo - uhlobo lwe indawo yeqonga, kwaye iqela yamanani zabafundi zicwangciswe ngendlela efanayo kwindawo yokubonela.

ubuchule ezininzi juan

Kakade ke, Watteau akazange umzobi kuphela usebenza indlela entsha. Fransua Bushe - omnye ummeli okhanyayo isiFrentshi yokuhlobisa, kubonakala kakhulu ngokupheleleyo hedonism ngokuphandle esiyimfeketho ezendeleyo kwelo xesha ubuchule ogama. Ayewenza imithetho Louis XV, Mam de Pompadour, ingakumbi, wabhala lo mfanekiso yinkosikazi odumileyo.

Bush ndadala ubuhle ngenxa opera, ndikrola ukuba iincwadi Moliere, iikhathuni ngenxa amalaphu, nomzobo Sevres imveliso yephondo, xa ilizwi, wasebenza kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zobugcisa.

Antuan Vatto, singazi, washiya uphawu yawo umsebenzi juan, ngubani ebutsheni wakhe njengokukhuphela imizobo yakhe. kamva Bush wafunda ubuchule yobuciko eRoma, waba unjingalwazi Fine Arts of the French Academy, lunobuqaqawuli pan-Europe.

umsebenzi Wakhe ubandakanya zonke izihloko ukuba ziqhelekile yokuhlobisa kumzobo: neentsomi, kwilali SMME, njengobuxoki, imifanekiso amaTshayina, imifanekiso yobomi nendlela e-Paris, pastorals, ekumeni kunye nenkangeleko.

Abameli yokuhlobisa womzobo

Fragonard Zhan Onore, enye French amagcisa kakhulu kwinkulungwane XVIII., Imizobo Ukudala kunye nemixholo ukudlala inkanuko. Imizekelo "ujingi", "Kiss abiweyo" "amantombazana amabini," "Odaliska" njalo njalo.

Imizobo yakhe, zizele sindiso yenyama, kukho umahluko iimpembelelo chiaroscuro ezichuliweyo, brushwork ukukhanya, umbala zokuhombisa. style Fragonard kutshintshile ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ukuba yemizobo "ezisisivalo" into umkhondo isimbo zoqobo, lo mfanekiso, zipeyintwe kwi 1760s, ingakumbi ifuthe yothando.

Elinye ilungu eliphambili womzobo rocaille waba Nikolya Lankre, owenza kakhulu ukusasaza eYurophu, incasa French. canvases zakhe ngentumekelelo yathengwa uCatherine II, uFrederick II Prussia, zamadoda abaqokeleli abucala - abayithandayo indlela yokuhlobisa.

Mizobo abaculi adumileyo ixesha ngoku thaca kwi ukucacisa ze neemyuziyam ezinkulu ehlabathini. Nangona abagxeki baye izimvo ezahlukeneyo umtsalane i yokuhlobisa, Noko ke, akunakwenzeka ukuba ukukhanyela ngokuphuma ezikhethekileyo indlela oye akukho AMAGQABAZA ▸ kwimbali.