Rembrandt - kaMnu. Rembrandt bafaka nezihloko. opeyintayo Rembrandt

Rembrandt Van Reyn, ogama imizobo kunokubonwa kwiimyuziyam ezininzi ehlabathini jikelele, namhlanje, yaziwa wonke umntu on Earth. Uloyiko kunye novuyo, wothuka azibhavumele kwimisebenzi yakhe wambonakalisa ngokwendalo, ukuba akunakwenzeka ukuba ukukholwa. Kangangokuba abantu, yaye ukufa kabuhlungu ngayo ukuhla buhlungu sobomi nangoku ungunobangela intlebendwane nokuqiqa bulumko.

ulutsha

Umpeyinti Rembrandt wazalelwa kwintsapho wababhaki 1606 kwisixeko Dutch ka Leiden, kubekwe phezu ngasechwebeni iRhine. Ekuseni kakhulu wayeziva ngokwakhe italente yokuluka. Emva kokufunda iminyaka embalwa apha ekhaya, lo mfana waya Amsterdam ukuba afundele ngumzobi odumileyo Lastman. Imfundo zange kube kudala, yaye kwiminyaka eli-19, Rembrandt lusukela Leiden. Ngeli xesha wayepeyinta eni abathandekayo babo, kwaye kananjalo uhlawula ingqalelo kakhulu self-eni. Nanamhla oku, kukho imisebenzi eyahlukahlukeneyo umbhali, apho uziveza ngendlela eyahlukileyo.

ukuqaphela

Xa i lomculi ngifuna ifumana umyalelo evela abakhandi enkulu oogqirha. Ngoko ke umsebenzi "Le Isifundo Anatomy" livela. Rembrandt Painting kuzisa ingqalelo. Ngoko nangoko ifumana imiyalelo ngaphezu amahlanu ezikhundleni ezidwangube kunye nezidwangube Amsterdam. Kunye ukuthandwa nokukhula kunye nempumelelo inkosi. Yena uqala ukuqokelela izinxibo antique kwaye iidiliya. Yena ufumana indlu Posh, nto leyo izaliswe nempahla obumangalisayo antique nemifanekiso.

Saskia

Kwiminyaka 28 Rembrandt, ogama imizobo yaye kuya kusanda ukuthandwa, wazeka intombi isityebi Saskia. Watshata ngothando, yaye hayi asinda kuphela, kodwa ukwandisa elikomkhulu intanda yakhe. Rembrandt baqubuda umfazi wakhe, ngokufuthi obonisa imifanekiso ezahlukeneyo imisebenzi yakhe. Enye mizobo ezininzi adumileyo womzobi "Self-mfanekiso Saskia" Rembrandt ubonisa ziyolise nomfazi wakhe. Kwangaxeshanye, igcisa ifumana umyalelo uthotho imisebenzi kwibali yeBhayibhile. Ngoko kukho Rembrandt yafaka "Umbingelelo ka-Abraham" amagama kunye "nomthendeleko uBheleshatsare." Kwakhona, eli xesha ngomnye imisebenzi edume inkosi "danae". Womzobo yi wegcisa kwakuhambisana izihlandlo eziliqela kwaye iinketho eziliqela copyright.

longele yokuphila

ixesha esezweni umzobi zange ihlale ixesha elide. Asingabo bonke babethanda nendlela Rembrandt ichaze umntu yena. Emva kokuba ukupeyinta "Night Watch" kuqhwithela ibe ihlazo engakholelekiyo. Phezu ngelaphu kwakukho abantu abangagunyaziswanga. Mhlawumbi isizathu kukuba phakathi Saskia intanda yakhe usweleka TB. Kulo mfanekiso, kunye namanani bamaxhoba silhouette olubonakalayo intombazana, ngoko sifunda umfazi inkosi. ethandwa umbhali iqalisa ukuna. odolo ezintsha ngenkankulu ibonakala. Baphulukene ikhaya labo nayo yonke impahla yabo, imizobo Rembrandt leyo uthathe kuyo, ingqiqo entsha bulumko, uqala kukuveza abantu abaqhelekileyo kunye nabo babathandayo. Uye ebhalwe umfanekiso unyana wakhe, nabantu iyayijikeleza kwiminyaka kamva. Ngeli xesha, kwazalwa Rembrandt painting ebizwa ngokuba "Umfanekiso i Man esiDala e Red", "Umfanekiso unyana ka ukufunda uTito" kunye neminye imisebenzi. Ekupheleni yomphefumlo inkosi ebuhlanti, kukho omnye umsebenzi wobugcisa - ". Ukubuya kwabafundi Wolahleko uNyana" Kulo mfanekiso usichaza inkosi kuye sisibhadu obungunaphakade, ngubani kunyanzeleke ukuba bodwa iindlela ukutshintsha uzuko nzima. Ngowe-1969, umngcwabo wonyana wakhe ngomtshakazi, Rembrandt ngokwakhe kufa, ngonaphakade eshiya uphawu wakhe wokudala ehlabathini. Namhlanje, imizobo le womzobi niqhayisa indawo na imyuziyam enkulu ehlabathini.

Eyona ukupeyinta odumileyo of Rembrandt. "Anatomy Isifundo" (1632)

Lo mfanekiso-odolo zokuqala eziphambili ezifunyenwe emva Rembrandt wafudukela Amsterdam. Ngomhla ngelaphu etywiniweyo yotyando olwenziwe nguGqirha Nicolaes Tulp. Ugqirha ubamba imicu kunye forceps ngesandla ebonisa abafundi bakhe indlela ukugoba iminwe yakhe. portraits iqela olunjalo ngexesha baba ethandwa kakhulu phakathi ugqirha guild. Noko ke, njengoko umthetho, amalungu eli qela lathatha kubo, ehleli emgceni. Rembrandt, ogama imizobo kuba lula yaye ngokoqobo achazwa kwisangqa close abafundi, phulaphula ngenyameko amazwi uGqirha Nicolaes Tulp. ubuso sakuba kunye umzimba ngokwawo amatshatshazi amatshatshazi kuma ngokuchasene kwisiqalo emnyama kunye umfanekiso emnyama. Lo msebenzi uye udumo kuqala Rembrandt, emva koko imiyalelo wawa umbhali ngesantya amangalisayo.

"Self-mfanekiso Saskia" (1635)

Kubomi bakhe bonke Rembrandt wazoba imali elingu-self-eni. Lo ukupeyinta lelinye edumileyo. Apha uboniswa ugcobe artist ntsako lilifa oyithandayo. Ubume ngokweemvakalelo wegcisa kubonakala emehlweni evulekileyo zabalinganiswa nokudangazela ubuso Rembrandt, ngokungathi ukomiwa kunye ulonwabo nempumelelo. Noko ke, kule ubuxoki portrait nokuqunjiswa obuselelweyo: ngokuba artist umveza ngokwakhe mfanekiso ukuba "wonyana wolahleko", nitye kunye courtesan eziqhelekileyo. "Unyana wolahleko" Yimalini abohlukeneyo kule self-mfanekiso ngenxa yokuba bayazi abaphulaphuli ukuba umboniso wegama elifanayo!

"Danae" (1636)

Eyona idumileyo ka-Rembrandt kaMnu. Ibhalwe ngokusekelwe intsomi Perseus, danae unina. Ngokutsho legend, uyise wentombazana wafumanisa ukuba unyana wakhe wayeza kufa ngayo intombi yakhe, yaye naye entolongweni a emhadini. Zeus wangena ku mbanjwa kwemvula yegolide ebezikuyo Perseus wazalwa. Womzobo sele itsale i umbala engaqhelekanga, uphawu yomsebenzi womzobi. Xa iziko umzimba umfazi ze inyama yakhe esikhanyayo kwelanga eliqaqambileyo. Ngale ndlela Rembrandt, ogama imizobo badla ibonisa abantu abasondeleyo kuye, wayithimba umfanekiso umfazi wakhe amthandayo Saskia. Umfanekiso ngelosi babelwa emva kokufa ngumfazi wakhe. Kubonakala ukuba wayesoloko ukhalela kwi bayahlelwa ubhubhileyo. Rembrandt elide ke Ndipinde ndawabhala umntwana yakhe ayithandayo, ukutshintsha isimo mfanekiso, ngokungqinelana kunye neemvakalelo zabo. Indibaniso iithowuni ebengezelayo kunye iimbalasane zegolide eziwela kulo Ukuntsonkotha layo kunye nokubengezela kwakho.

ukudalelwa isimanga ezinkulu womzobo, kwakunye ibali lobomi wegcisa. Wobugcisa emva kokufa kwakhe walandelwa ngabanikazi abaninzi. Emva ukufunyanwa imisebenzi uCatherine II of "danae" wathabatha indawo imbeko kwi "Hermitage" yokuqokelelwa odumileyo. Ngowe-1985, kule imyuziyam kwakukho isiganeko esibi apho phantse ndayihluthwa ihlabathi amathuba ukucinga ukwakhiwa Rembrandt. Enye negeza weza umfanekiso, waluphosa acid phezu kwakhe. Ipeyinti nangoko waqalisa uphuphume. Kodwa umhlaseli, yaye oko akwanelanga: kwafuneka enze isibini emanxebani kwi ngelaphu ngemela ide wayeka. Ukonakala kakhulu malunga ne-30% ye-wobugcisa. Negeza wazibonakalisa emva Bronjus Maygis wachitha iminyaka 6 kwikliniki abagula ngengqondo. Ukubuyiselwa womzobo lweminyaka-12. Yena ngoku ukubonisa kwi "Hermitage" yi iglasi vehicles, olukhusela wobugcisa evela abonakalisi beprophathi. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, kunye nenye nto. A umsebenzi wobugcisa nokukotshwa yayo badla ezifotwe kwi iifilimu. Umzekelo, "danae" kuvela anomxholo othi "Gangster Petersburg" njenge Rembrandt "Aegina".

"Night Watch" (1642)

Womzobo eyalwa Division Rembrandt elihamba oyiNtloko. On the ngelaphu ubonisa inkampani ye wamajoni, ethunyelwa kweli phulo. I Musketeers, wakhuthazwa zakhona, ezotywe kunye amajoni yemeko ezahlukeneyo zentlalo kunye nobudala emfazweni. Bonke sabelana mnqweno oliduna yobuzwe. Umsebenzi uyahluka ukukhathalela uhlele indlela yonke imifanekiso kunye neenkcukacha. Rembrandt kaThixo "Night Watch" na abaphulaphuli, ucinga ingqiqo yayo zizele leyinene ya kwenzeka ntoni. Umbhali uzama ukubonisa kuphela iimpawu zangaphandle yabalinganiswa, kodwa ukutyhila ihlabathi engaphakathi ijoni ngalinye. Le apotheosis womfanekiso kumi Inqaba yamandulo - uphawu lweempumelelo elidlulileyo kunye kuzalwa uloyiso elitsha. Nge imibala emibalabala (igolide, emnyama kunye etyheli), umbukeli ivula amandla, idrama kunye imo lokucheba emkhosini. Ubume nokwenzeka umlinganiswa ngamnye mabafundisise brush ye artist odumileyo.

Kukho iinguqulelo ezininzi malunga amantombazana ezichazwe phantse embindini emfanekisweni. Yohluka ukusuka zonke imibala eqaqambileyo kunye nenkangeleko ziingelosi. Mhlawumbi olu hlobo ngabavukeli khubalo. Ngokutsho kwenye inguqulo intombazana - umfanekiselo umfazi bathandiweyo umbhali, uye kwesinye ihlabathi phakathi womzobo. Njengoko usazi, umsebenzi akazange ukuba isibheno kubathengi. Emva kokuba bathenga umfanekiso, bona ngokungenalusini wayityatya ngelaphu, wawuxhoma oko kwiholo ye umgidi.

"Ukubuya kwabafundi Wolahleko uNyana" (1666-1669 gg.)

Rembrandt kaThixo "Ukubuya kwabafundi Wolahleko uNyana" yenye yezona ntaba ezininzi iphawulekayo bobuchule igcisa odumileyo. Libhalwe kule minyaka yokugqibela okuphila. Eli lixesha xa emdala kakhulu yaye imilwelwe, amahlwempu, belambile. Umxholo wonyana wolahleko ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngaphambili yenzeka umculi. Lo msebenzi lo sigqibo, UPawulos iminyaka emininzi neyokudinga Indalo umbhali odumileyo. Womzobo exudes zonke ukufudumala nobunzulu palette Rembrandt kaThixo. imibala ebengezelayo kunye umdlalo undilisekile ukukhanya nasethunzini zigxininisa imifanekiso abalinganiswa abaphambili. Xa ebe indoda ihloniphekile ubudala kunye nonyana wakhe wolahleko wabonisa lonke uluhlu neemvakalelo ezahlukeneyo: ukuzisola kunye nothando, inceba kunye ubukrakra ukuqonda ndilwenze. Ngokutsho abagxeki, ukuba 'abuyele' kuyikhulula italente zengqondo ezele ngumzobi. Wayibeka kwindalo yakhe yonke ababeyiqwebile amava zabo zokuyila, yonke inkanuko, yonke iphefumlelwe wam.

isiphelo

Kunzima ukucinga oko Rembrandt wazoba umfanekiso, inkcazelo enikwa kweli nqaku. Sekudlule Mingaphi iminyaka ukususela kumhla kwendalo yazo, njengoko umlotha amakhandlela tallow luthabathela phezu kwamakhulu amathathu imbali! Asinakuqiniseka kuphela ukuba oko kwakukhangeleka ngemihla lokuzalwa kwabo. Okwangoku, kuzise kule mini, izigidi abalandeli ngumzobi odumileyo kwetalente kwiimyuziyam ezahlukeneyo ehlabathini jikelele eze kubona yobuciko bakhe.