Architecture le Moscow yesicelo. Imbali yokudalwa kunye nenkcazelo Moscow yesicelo

Architecture le Moscow yesicelo ikuvumela ukuba ukufumana umfanekiso opheleleyo indlela Centre ekuqaleni kwakhiwa ikomkhulu Russian. Le lomculo yezakhiwo iquka iitempile, iiplaza, ukwakha amagumbi. Namhlanje, zonke izinto, jonga kwi abeza iindwendwe kunye bakuwo wonke eRashiya ezivela kwamanye amazwe.

yesicelo Construction

Architecture le Moscow yesicelo kwabunjwa ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XV. iinqaba Main neendonga zakhiwa kule minyaka 1485-1495. wasetyenziswa lwezitena ezibomvu, kubekwe ilitye elimhlophe nodaka. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba iinkosi zasekuhlaleni akuzange abakulungeleyo umsebenzi onjalo. Ngoko ke, samema iingcali amazwe. Ivan Iii kwaqashwa ukwakhiwa labazobi Moscow incwadi evela eItali.

Noko ke, ezinye iinqaba wakha emva zonke iinkosi Russian. Into yokuba imilo yabo embhoxo izakhiwo kuphawu ngamaplanga. Njengokuba kubhaliwe yaziwa kakuhle, ngoxa ubugcisa ukuchwela eRashiya yafikelela obufezekileyo yayo, wanceda ngokwakhe izinto ezahlukahlukeneyo, kwaye kwakufuneka umsebenzi rhoqo, njengoko ukususela kumaxesha ngamaxesha imililo ezinkulu bazitshabalalisa zonke izakhiwo. Ukuze uphephe oku, kwakusetyenziswa ulwakhiwo ilitye eMoscow yesicelo.

Inkolelo Cathedral

Enye izakhiwo ephambili lomculo bokwakha - umbono Cathedral. Kuye kwakhiwa kwisayithi ye ilitye yokuqala yecawa e Moscow, eyakhiwa Ivanom Kalitoy kwisiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane XIV. Architecture Moscow yesicelo ichaza le isakhiwo ngeendlela ezininzi.

Cathedral waqala ukwakha 1475. Kuba isampuli ethatyathiweyo isakhiwo zonqulo efanayo ngenkulungwane Vladimir XII. Ngenxa yoko, waphinda wagxininisa eMoscow phambili ngokuphathelele Vladimir, elo ngaphambili ingqalelo esinye sezixeko eziphambili eRashiya.

Kule minyaka 400 ezayo ukuba icawa iphambili eRashiya. It ebekwa ukumkani abalawuli. Umnyango ephambili ibekwe ukusuka kwindawo Cathedral. Yokungena etempileni ephambili Moscow yesicelo ngokungathi abagcina uMikayeli, omnye nani oboniswe ngaphezu Arch. Sekunjalo ngaphezu Virgin and Child.

Le iconostasis, nto leyo namhlanje singakwazi ukubona Kwingcingane Cathedral, ezigqityiweyo ngabapeyinti kaBathathu Emnye Lavra of St. uSergiyo embindini kwinkulungwane XVII.

Ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II iminyaka 1812 ukwakha le Moscow yesicelo zaye phantsi ukuphanga kunye kuphanza. I kwakungekho ngaphandle kunye Cathedral. Inxalenye ye-chola amaxhoba ukusuka French waza wayibuyisela kuJuda ezo Cossacks Russian.

Cathedral of the Annunciation

Architecture Moscow yesicelo ayikwazi bacinge ngaphandle Cathedral le Annunciation. Le ise emazantsi-ntshona yinxalenye Cathedral Square. Yakhiwa kwenkulungwane XV emva kwexesha. Umsebenzi wenza iinkosi Pskov.

Ngexesha lokulawula Ivana Groznogo eyaqhotyoshelwa nevaranda kunye nevaranda ephakamileyo ilitye elimhlophe.

Le indlu Moscow yesicelo Yakhiwa isithethe izakhiwo eMoscow ekuqaleni. Namhlanje, imizobo umdla mkhulu Cathedral, owayebonakele ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XVI. Eyona emagqabini yala magcisa Artel, nto leyo eyakhokelela uTheodosius kunye nonyana wakhe anoDiyonisiyo. amabali amaninzi kwi umxholo Apocalypse. Unako kwakhona ukuhlangabezana neenjongo zehlabathi. Umzekelo, iinkosana Russian kunye nabalawuli Byzantine.

Umgangatho eyodwa yecawa. iithayile yakhe ekhethekileyo wabeka agatovidnoy leyaspisi anqabileyo.

Cathedral of Enkulu

Le Cathedral ezindongeni Moscow yesicelo wavela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XVI. It wakha ukutyelela lokwakha Italian Aloisio entsha. Noko ke, walandela izithethe izakhiwo Russian. Iimpawu ze-Italian Renaissance olijonga kuphela uhombiso zizityebi zetempile.

ukwakhiwa lwayo lwaqhutywa kwi indawo i yecawa wamandulo ukuba Ivan Kalita zakhiwe kwinkulungwane XIV, oku kwenzeleni ukundikhumbula yokukhululwa kwekomkhulu ubhubhane yindlala. Oku wachithwa ngenxa yengxinano, ukukhulula isithuba ukuba icawa banzi.

Cathedral wathweswa uphahla ezintlanu. nengubo Central, kwaye icala apeyintwe nje ipeyinti yesilivere. Xa indlela i-Italian Renaissance, yenziwe ze amatye oqingqiweyo emhlophe.

Ngexesha Umsebenzi UNapoleon ngayo Njengekomkhulu yokugcina iwayini lalikhona apha. Esibingelelweni, isiFrentshi abaqalise ikhitshi, nazo zonke izinto ezixabisekileyo baphanga.

Church of the Ukushiyeka yokwaleka

Siya- ibandla elincinane, eyakhiwa iingcibi Russian kwinkulungwane XV emva kwexesha. Yena wabonakala phezu kwisiza se-Ukushiyeka ibandla endala ngamaplanga yokwaleka, leyo yakhiwa emva kokuba Tartars lihambe ukusuka eMoscow.

Ngowe-1451 beza kusondela esixekweni, kodwa akazange n'wi hlasela, yaye amana ewutha, bashiya wonke-chola amaxhoba. I-Orthodox usinike ukubaluleka yonqulo, ekholwa ukuba ummangaliso. Enyanisweni, i-AmaTatar lihambe ngenxa umahluko zezopolitiko phakathi silwe.

Icawa entsha yayonakele kakhulu ngomlilo ngo-1737. Wawubuyisela umakhi Michurin.

indawo yokugcina

Chamber of the Moscow yesicelo namhlanje umdla omkhulu kubakhenkethi. Sisihlandlo sokuqala malunga amaxabiso ukuba kungoku nje Izikrweqe inokufumaneka 1339. Nkqu izihlandlo Ivana Kality lokusekwa yobuncwane njengenkosana. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho izinto zobuhlalu, tableware, neempahla neecawa, iimpahla zexabiso kunye nezixhobo.

Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XV, ukuba ibekwe omnye Kumaziko obugcisa Russian kunye nemisebenzi yezandla. Kananjalo apha kwaziswa izipho akwamanye amazwe. Neeperile, neendebe zesilivere, kwesithethe ihashe nezikrweqe.

Ngo 1485 i-Ofisi kaNondyebo ikhule kakhulu kangangokuba kwagqitywa ekubeni kwakhiwe isakhiwo eyahlukileyo ilitye enemigangatho emibini phakathi Annunciation kunye zingelosi Cathedral. Yayibizwa ngokuba intendelezo esemthethweni.

okubalwa Chamber

Amaninzi Chamber of the Moscow yesicelo - enye iindawo ezimbalwa yasebhotwe, zisekhona ukususela kwixesha Ivan III. Yaba egumbini lakhe itrone ezukileyo. Esi sakhiwo endala ilitye yamakhaya eMoscow.

ские мастера при помощи приглашенных итальянцев - Пьетро Солари и Марко Руффо. Yakhiwa-4 iminyaka skie iinkosi Russian ngoncedo abavela uyamenywa - Pietro solari kunye Marco Ruffo.

I Chamber nelilelona gumbi isikwere, apho nasemagumbini emnqamlezweni, exhaswa ikholam kule embindini egumbini. Hall 9 iimitha ekwezi ngenxa windows akhiwe-18 kunye neendawo ezine ezinkulu. Le ndawo iyonke amaninzi Chamber of the Moscow yesicelo phantse 500 square metres.

Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XVI, neendonga zaso wazoba icawa kunye imifanekiso kwibhayibhile. Ukutyhubela iinkulungwane, kwaba apha ukubhiyozela iziganeko ezibalulekileyo kwimbali karhulumente Russian. Apha kuthathwe akwamanye amazwe kunye nogunyaziso, wadibana Zemsky Sobor. Rhoqo amaninzi kwiGumbi leeNgxoxo sibhiyozele uloyiso ingalo Russian. Ngokomzekelo, uIvan Grozny sibhiyozele ukuba kuthinjwe Kazan, noPetros I uloyiso phezu balwa e Poltava.

red Square

Red Square, eMoscow yesicelo wabonakala kwinkulungwane XV. Namhlanje yenye iisimboli nje kuphela imali, kodwa ke ilizwe, ikhadi layo ishishini.

Ilele Ivan Iii, owayalela ukuba azitshabalalise zonke izakhiwo yeplanga ngeenxa zonke yesicelo. Ekubeni zihlaselwa ngamandla ngomlilo. Le ndawo, ngokomyalelo wakhe, basiwa phantsi zorhwebo. Ngoko ke, ekuqaleni ngokuba Red Square Trading. Noko ke, ayizange ihlale ixesha elide.

Sele kwinkulungwane XVI, ukuba igama Emnye. Ngenxa ezikufuphi oyiNgcwele Trinity Church. Kamva endaweni yayo wabonakala Cathedral Vasiliya Blazhennogo. Ngokutsho kwamaxwebhu, kwinkulungwane XVII, indawo eyaziwa ngokuba umlilo. Kufuneka kukhunjulwe phawu toponymic umdla Rus Ancient. Ngelo xesha, into enye ngexesha efanayo namagama ezininzi ezisemthethweni.

Red Square igama ngokusesikweni nje kuphela kwinkulungwane XIX. Nangona ezinye maxwebhu ligama efumaneka kwinkulungwane XVII. Intsingiselo yegama, ngokutsho isichazi-magama Vladimira Dalya, ilele isibakala sokuba igama elithi "red" wethu ookhokho kwakuthetha emnandi, incamisileyo.

Kangangeenkulungwane, umzekelo Red Square, unako ukulandela indlela Moscow yesicelo. Kwinkulungwane XV Kwabonakala udonga yesicelo ezinde edume - iNdlu yeeNgwevu, Spasskaya kunye Nikolskaya. Ngenkulungwane XVI, eSt Vasiliya Blazhennogo kunye nendawo ngokubulawa. Kwinkulungwane XIX - Historical Museum, imiqolo Trading Upper, leyo ngoku ekuthiwa gum, lesikhumbuzo ukuze Minin kunye Pozharsky. leminyaka XX iye yaziswa oluBomvu Square yamangcwaba kunye yesicelo Wall Necropolis.

St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo

Le tempile yakhiwa phakathi kwenkulungwane XVI. Balakha wokuwonga elaa kuthinjwe Kazan amajoni Russian. Masakhane isakhiwo grand zeentsika 9 nephakame ngaphezu kumgangatho ophantsi izinto ezihambelanayo igalari. Luhlanganisa ukwakhiwa intsika engundoqo, leyo isithsaba iintente kunye cupola zokuhombisa ngaphezulu. Abantu abaninzi ngokukodwa kufika eMoscow ukuze ubone ukuba le ndlu.

neentsika esisibhozo bayingqonga ententeni enkulu. Zonke ezinye isahluko sokugqibela ngohlobo kwezibane.

Ngomhla inxalenye Spassky Tower ezibini kwevaranda on the ithala lwetempile. Ukusuka apho ungafumana ukuya cloister. Abakhenkethi kunye nabahlali eyinkunzi nangoku imibala onomtsalane etempileni, nakubeni oko kwenziwa kwiinkulungwane ezadlulayo. Gqiyazana St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo iinkosi okwenyaniso. Basebenzisa kuphela imibala zendalo kunye ilitye elimhlophe kunye lwezitena ezibomvu. Of yokugqibela, wenza iinkcukacha zincinane. ukupeyinta Bright yagqitywa kwinkulungwane XVII. Xa kukho bekukho izidanga kamva, ngoko ke babeka nenqaba intsimbi kunye kwigumbi wetempile kumntla-mpuma. Ukuze ube bezakhiwo yasinda amagama ukuba ukwakha esi sakhiwo zonqulo bomda. Amagama abo Posnik kunye Barma.