Ammophos: ifomu, isicelo, ukubunjwa kunye neepropati

Ukungabikho kwezichumisi kuphazamisa izityalo. Ngokunqongophala kwe-phosphorus, ukuveliswa kwemveliso kuyancipha kwaye ukutsalwa kwezityalo ze-nitrogen kunye nezinye izondlo kunciphisa. Ukuchumisa i-ammophos, ifom ebonisa apha ngezantsi, inceda ukwandisa isivuno, ukulungele ukukhula nokuphuhliswa.

Yintoni i-ammophos

I-Ammophos yenye yezona ndlela zisebenzayo kakhulu ezichumayo ze-phosphorus, ezisetyenziselwa ukutyala, kunye nakwizigaba ezahlukeneyo zezityalo. I-formula ye-ammophos yinkimbinkimbi eqingqiweyo efunyenwe yi-orthophosphoric acid ne-ammonia.

Ukwakhiwa okucatshulwa kakuhle kwenze ukuba kube nokwenza umququzeleli osebenzayo kakhulu nge-phosphorus nge-substance ebonakalayo yokugaya. Kwaye, oku, kwandisa amathuba okufaka iingubo eziphezulu.

I-formula ye-ammophos yinto engavumelekanga yokuchumisa kuzo zonke iintlobo zezityalo, ezingasetyenziselwa nayiphi na inqanaba lesityalo. I-phosphorus equlethwe kwisichumisi iyancibilika ngokulula emanzini kwaye ikhawuleza ifakwe kwisityalo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukunika isityalo kwisityalo ngexesha lokukhula. Leli xesha libhekwa njengelibalulekileyo kwaye lifuna umxholo okwandisiweyo we-phosphorus emhlabathini ukuphuhliswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwenkqubo kunye ne-absorption engcono ye-nitrogen.

Ukubunjwa kokugqoka okuphezulu

Ifom ye-ammophos ilandelayo: NH4H2PO4 + (NH4) 2HPO4 .

Apha (NH4) 2HPO4 yi-monoammonium phosphate, kunye ne-NH4H2PO4 yi-diammonium phosphate.

I-formula yama-ammophos ekhemistry ibonisa ngokucacileyo oko kubandakanywa ekubunjweni. Kule kholeji akukho zixhobo ze-ballast, ezenza isisombululo sezoqoqosho nezisisombululo. I-substance ayifumani kakuhle umswakama emoyeni, kodwa ichitheka kakuhle emanzini. Le propati yenza kube lula ukusebenzisa le mveliso ngeendlela zesisombululo seengubo ezigqithisiweyo.

I-formula ye-ammophos ifumaneka ngomsebenzi onzima. Ukufumana loo nto, ukuphendula kwamakhemikhali okunciphisa i-orthophosphoric acid kunye ne-ammonia kuyimfuneko. Ngenxa yempendulo, malunga ne-10% yammonia kunye nama-phosphorus angama-50%. Lo mgangatho uthathwa njengento efanelekileyo.

Abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba uhlobo lwe-ammophos lunenani lokungaphumeleli. Eyona nto iphambili ngumxholo we-nitrogen ophantsi (amaxesha amahlanu ngaphantsi kwe-phosphorus).

Impawu ze-Physico-chemical

Ifom ekhethekileyo ye-ammophos evunyelwe ukufumana into engeyinto engavamile, eyincedo kwizityalo. Isichumisi sinezi zinto ezilandelayo:

1. Inkunkuma ifumaneka kwifom ye-granules malunga ne-3.5 mm ngobukhulu.
2. I-formula ephuhlisiwe ye-ammophos yenza ukuba kube lula ukufumana into engabuthelanga umswakama emoyeni. Ngenxa yoko, le nto ingagcinwa ixesha elide.
3. Iigranules zixinene, zingenakuthathaka, ezenza kube lula ukusebenza nomanyolo. Ngexesha lokuthungulwa kwezinto, uthuli alunobungozi kubantu.

Iimpahla ze-ammophos

Umququzeleli unenani lezinto ezilungileyo. Ifom ye-ammophos ivumela ukwandisa isivuno kunye nokwandisa ukuchasana kwezityalo kwizifo.

Ukusetyenziswa kwesixhobo kukuvumela ukuqinisa inkqubo yeengcambu zezityalo, ukuphucula umgangatho wezityalo. Emva kokuchumisa, izityalo zilungelelanisa lula nakwiyiphi na imeko engaphandle, kodwa isivuno kunye nexesha lokugcinwa kwazo.

Imiyalelo yokusetyenziswa

Ngokwemiyalelo yomanyolo i-ammophos ayisebenzisi nje kuphela njengesondlo esisisiseko, kodwa njengokongeza. Le nkunkuma iqulethe i-nitrogen encinci, ngoko ukuzalisa ukusilela kwayo kucetyiswa ukuba yongeze i-phosphorus. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukondla kwenziwa ngexabiso elilinganayo. Lo mgangatho ufanelekile zonke izityalo zasegadi kunye negadi. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ukungafani kulo mgaqo. Ngokomzekelo, phambi kokuhlwayela izityalo zasebusika, kwanele ukwethula kuphela i-ammophos emhlabeni. Izichumisi ezongezelelweyo azidingeki.

Sebenzisa isichumiso sinokusetyenziswa kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaba, kungakhathaliseki ukuba iimeko zezulu. Kwiindawo apho umoya womoya omile, kunconywa ukuba usebenzise le mveliso ngenani elincinci le-nitrogen.

Kunconywa ukuba usebenzise umquba kumnhlabathi kunye ne-alkaline ne-neutral medium. Le nkunkuma inomphumo onenzuzo kwisityalo. I-nitrojeni kunye ne-phosphorus inokulinganisela kwi-ammophos. Iifomula yekhemikhali yenza ukuba kusebenze ubunzima kwihlabathi elikhuselekile.

Isicelo esisemgangathweni se-ammophos emhlabathini senziwa phakathi kwentwasahlobo neyekwindla (ngo-Apreli, Septemba). Ehlobo, ukuchumisa izityalo kwenziwa. Isicelo esisisiseko semveliso yezityalo siphumela kwisilinganiso se-25 gr nge-1 m ² . Ukugqoka okuphezulu kuqhutyelwa kwi-5 gr kwiinqununu ngeendlela zokutywinwa kwi-granules ubuncinane ubuncinane be-6 cm.

Ngenxa yeengcambu zezityalo, isicelo esiphezulu senziwa ngesantya se-20 g kwi-1 m ² yomhlaba. Uhlobo olushushu lwe-Summer luqhutyelwa ngokufakela i-granules emhlabathini kwi-8 cm (ubuninzi buyi-5-10 g).

Imithi yezithelo, izitshalo, izityalo zeberry zixutywa entwasahlobo nasekwindla ngesilinganiso se-30 gr nge-1 m ² . Ukongezelela, kwixesha lasehlotyeni lexesha, u-5 gr umququzelelo usetyenziswa yindlela yokutywinwa kwi-granules emhlabathini.

I-Ammophos ifanelekile ukuchumisa inqabileyo, izityalo zokuhlobisa. Iigramu ezili-15 zeepeliti nganye kwi-1 m ² zifakwe kwisondlo esisisiseko. Ehlobo, i-5 grams yesichumisi nganye kwi-1 m ² yongezwa.

Yintoni ehluthwe ngama-ammophos

I-phosphate fertilizer ilungele zonke iintlobo zezityalo. Kunconywa ukuba uyifake emhlabathini xa ukhula kwezi zityalo ezilandelayo:

1. Amagilebhisi. Xa usebenzisa isichumisi, le nkcubeko igcwele zonke izondlo eziyimfuneko. Umanyolo uqaliswa entwasahlobo kwizigaba eziliqela, ngaphambili ihlaziya i-ammophos ngamanzi (400 amagremu kwibhakethi yamanzi). Kwiiveki ezimbini emva kokusondla kokuqala, omnye uqhutyelwa, uhlaziye igramu ezili-150 zechumisi kwibhakethi yamanzi.
2. Iipatata. I-Phosphate fertilizer inceda ukwandisa isivuno sezambane. Ngenxa yoko, i-granules ifakwe ngqo kwimithombo ngamanqanaba e-½ ithisipuni kakuhle.
3. Beet. Ukusetyenziswa kokuchumisa kukuvumela ukuba uzalise izimpande ngeeshukela, ezixabisekileyo xa ukhula i-beet ishukela. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kuqhutyelwa kwisantya se-5 gr 1 nganye m ² .

Kwakhona, ukuchumisa kwenziwa xa kukhula izityalo, i-sunflower, iintyatyambo, iziqhamo kunye nezinye iintlobo zezityalo.

Ukusetyenziswa kwezichumisi kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaba

Kuhlobo ngalunye lomhlaba, inani elithile lomanyolo lisetyenzisiweyo. Kwi-chernozem elula, indawo ye-steppe, kucetyiswa ukuba usebenzise umquba ngaphandle kokuchumisa okongezelelweyo, kuquka i-nitrogen.

Iindawo zokuhlala ze-chernozem, apho i-flax, iitapile, iibhotile, okusanhlamvu zikhulile, isichumiso siyongezwa ngokudibaniswa kwe-phosphorus kunye ne-nitrogen.

Ifom ekhethekileyo ye-ammophos ivumela ukusetyenziswa kwesichumisi nakwihlabathi elinoxolo kunye nokhuseleko.

Kwi-sierozem kunye nenhlabathi ye-chestnut, ukusetyenziswa kwe-phosphorus isichumiso kwenziwa kunye nokufama okunkcenkceshela. Kule miqathango kuphela unokufumana isivuno esiphezulu.

Ekugqibeleni, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwechumisi i-ammophos ayivumeli kuphela ukwandisa isivuno, kodwa kwakhona ukuphakamisa ukuchasana kwezityalo kwizifo ezahlukahlukeneyo. Ukusebenza ne-granules kulula, into ephambili ayikulibala malunga neendlela zokukhusela.