Isiphelo XV-th kunye XVI ngenkulungwane yonke eYurophu waqalisa ngamaxesha iziganeko yotshintsho olululo. Eli xesha Enkulu Discoveries eeNgingqi, nto leyo eya kungekudala kukhokelela lonke ihlabathi utshintsho ezinkulu-isikali, ezitshintsha ungaphinda inkangeleko yayo. Ukongeza inkangeleko elula imimandla emitsha xa ukulahlwa baseYurophu kunye ukubonakala kwabo ithi elitsha elizayo, ezi hambo zitshintshile yonke kwimbonakalo yoluntu Old yeHlabathi. iqiniso engqinekayo ukuba emhlabeni ngeenxa zonke, ingabi isigqibo ngokuvela nangentando umgaqo ulwazi lwenzululwazi, kodwa yena uye wenza igalelo lakhe ezibalulekileyo kwinkululeko yaseYurophu ukususela kumaXesha Aphakathi, scholasticism yonqulo. Ukongeza, kuvulwe iindlela zorhwebo olutsha, iintlobo ezintsha ezinkulu-isikali yobukhoboka, ukwakhiwa kwenkqubo yobukoloniyali kunye ukuvela eYurophu loovimba zegolide zingenakubaleka impucuko Mesoamerican ziye zakhokelela utshintsho kobudlelane yezentlalo noqoqosho kunye nezopolitiko kwi World Endala. Konke oku negalelo ekuveleni capitalism, imibutho yoluntu, ingqiqo uhlanga, ngokubanzi, ukuba ihlabathi njengoko sisazi namhlanje.
isikhumbuzo the Discoveries
Kakade ke, kukho ixesha lemisebenzi emikhulu asinakho ukulishiya inkumbulo abaMhlophe kunye njengamaqhawe abo. Ngabo abo ngokobuqu inxaxheba zehambo, bedala imiqathango ihlabathi elitsha nabo ngomsebenzi wakhe yenza zikwazi yokuqubha. Namhlanje e Lisbon, kumi lesikhumbuzo ukuya discoverers, immortalized wenani ilitye 33 negalelo unobangela amazwe. Le lesikhumbuzo imi phezu elunxwemeni Atlantic Ocean, ubuso bakhe ezisisigxina umgama blue, apho kwiminyaka engamakhulu amahlanu eyadlulayo imikhumbi yabathengisi bekhangela imihlaba emitsha.
Yayingubani Amerigo Vespucci?
Igama lale ndoda wayengekho phakathi oovulindlela, immortalized ngamatye elunxwemeni Portugal. Noko ke, ukuba ayikho ngaphantsi kwe abanye abachatshazelwa yi ekuhambeni iziganeko. Amerigo Vespucci waye unyana sale yoluntu izivumelwano. Ebutsheni bakhe wafumana imfundo elungileyo, akuba kakuhle physics, ngeenkwenkwezi, ishishini Nautical, Latin yenkolo. Ngowe-1490 wangena inkonzo endlwini urhwebo, ibekwe Seville yaye elilungu compatriot yakhe Donato Berarrdi. Eli lixesha elibalulekileyo ebomini umfana, kuba le ndlu lorhwebo ixesha elithile zanceda kohambo uChristopher Columbus. Ngokucacileyo, kweli xesha, yaye yabamba abazana zabo.
Ngoko ke eyafumana Yehlabathi Elitsha?
Namhlanje abantu abaninzi bazi ukuba yintoni na nemisinga wavula Amerigo Vespucci, yaye ngubani na andazi, akukho nzima ukuthelekelela igama kwelizwekazi nenkcubeko kweli gama. Noko ke, inkumbulo yethu kwaye uthi yaseYurophu wokuqala ukufumana Yehlabathi Elitsha, waba Hristofor Kolumb. Ngoko kwakutheni ukuze kwenzeke oku? Kutheni nemisinga ekugqibeleni nagama Amerigo Vespucci - Melika? Kuba okwesihlandlo sokuqala mihla , baseYurophu Safika kwiziqithi off yezwekazi 1492. Yaba uhambo Hristofora Kolumba, kwaye akukho mntu uphikisana ilungelo lalo ukuvula. Noko ke, umhambi akazange aqonde de kwasa ekufeni kwakhe (ngo-1506) wayengazi ukuba akayi wafumana indlela entsha kwi-Indiya kunye nelizwekazi entsha. Le lokufumanisa kukuye Amerigo Vespucci, owathi, ngokukhuthazwa impumelelo nakwabanye ababehamba nabo, ungenza ingenzeki ngokuthi unqakaze bayo kumazwe twisiseni ngo-1499 no-1501, ngokulandelelana kwazo. Emva ukuhlola ubume ubuyele eYurophu, yena kuqala uthi ulwandle kubonakala wafumana lizwekazi entsha hayi Asia okanye ziqithi, yaye ulindele ukuba isifundo. Ngokukodwa, oko kubhalwe kule leta Amerigo de 'Medici ngo-1503. Ngomhla isabelo kwelizwekazi igama layo ezichaphazelekayo noko sale yakhupha uthotho amanqaku malunga ngohambo lakhe, wazisa eYurophu kwihlabathi phesheya. Yintoni Columbus. Noko ke, oko kulungile ukuqaphela ukuba Amerigo ayizange iqalise igama kwelizwekazi esihombo sakhe, yaye mhlawumbi wayengazi nokuba ukwazi ngalo de ngokufa kwakhe. Eli phulo fanele ukuba simane yaseYurophu ekuqaleni lwekhulu XVI, wayeqhelene olufunyanisiweyo, ikakhulu Lime sale.