Amaphephandaba yaseMelika. Iphephandaba american "The Times". amaphephandaba American neemagazini

The American isizwe - a eselula. Kuye kwasekwa kwinkulungwane elinesibhozo kade, kwaye indima enkulu kule nkqubo iye edlalwe yi-ndaba. nkqubo lwentengo ngamaxesha understated ngabom, leyo ndaba American zaye sikufanele konke nesenti okanye ezimbini. Ngoko ke, lo cinezela uyekile ukuba impahla kwiiklasi aphezulu oluntu, ize ibe zoluntu. Iintlelo ngobuciko. Bayisa nje ulwazi olutsha, kodwa ukudala umbono othile, enyanisweni, ukusebenzisa isazela yoluntu. Ngenxa yoko, eUnited States, cofa uye waba ngowokuqala ehlabathini apha ebizwa ngokuba 'amandla yesine ".

indaba

Amanye amaphephandaba American mhlawumbi US sokumiswa kakhulu eziphezulu. Umzekelo, "New Hampshire iGazethi" yasekwa ngo-1756, "Hartford Courant" - ngo-1764, yaye "Augusta Chronicle" - ngo 1785. Le endala namagqala kukho iimpapasho athandwa kakhulu. Umzekelo, "New York Post" - enye ndaba inkulu, ogama ukujikeleza imalunga amathandathu, anamakhulu mabini anesihlanu amawaka iikopi, yasekwa ngo-1801. Abaninzi negalelo popularization kweempepha kweli lizwe amaxabiso yokuluka. Ngowe-1850, kuye kwasasazwa lilonke dailies yaba iikopi nesiqingatha sesigidi, kwaye weeklies ezimbini - kane -. Ten million Enyanisweni, lo gama nezigcaliselo lobuntatheli ukwenzela ikakhulu eNew York, lo gama ezinye amaphephandaba yonqongophaliselwa ukuya manqaku iphinda elula, zincediswa iindaba zasekuhlaleni. Zezilo ezikhulu kwesiqingatha sesibini kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba, kubalulekile ezizodwa kukhankanywa "Herald": iphephandaba ngo-1860, kwakunye ngaphambi ngokwemigaqo ejikeleza edume London "Times"! Nokuba States waba ndili ngokuzalwa neentlobo ezifana i "ucofe etyheli" kunye nophando journalistic.

Uguqulo ngamandla wesine

Ngenxa iphinda kumajelo eendaba asekuhlaleni, iphephandaba ethandwayo American New York ukuba abafundi abaninzi kakhulu kunento ebekufudula ekujikelezeni kwazo. Ukwanda kunye indawo lonikezelo izinto zabo eprintiweyo. Umzekelo, luguqulelo oluphambi "New York Tribune" bathi abafunda abantu malunga nezigidi, nangona ekugqibeleni yoshicilelo yaba iikopi kancinane ngaphezu kwamakhulu amathathu amawaka. Ngomhla yeziqinisekiso ye "Herald", amanye amaphephandaba owned ingeniso ngaphezu mali karhulumente. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba abahleli babo baba azifumaneki ukuze zisetyenziswe ziinkokeli zopolitiko. Baya ebachaphazelayo. Ukupapashwa kungakhokelela ekubeni uloyiso kunyulo party ethile okanye ajike yiyiphi yoluntu isidumbu kwezopolitiko. "Herald" ogama eendaba inkqubo yotshintsho kwenye amasebe amandla kweli lizwe (lwesine, emva kokuba umthetho, kunye neenkundla) inkqubela ngokwasengqondweni.

ubuntatheli New: kumaphephandaba etyheli

Olu uhlobo kwavela kuphela eUnited States kwenye indawo. "I-American Dream", ngokutsho apho izihlangu elula abe ngusozigidi, ezenze umdla phakathi iinginginya labantu ukuba nobomi lobuqu abakhethekileyo. Amanqaku musa nje ukwenza ulwazi, nokuba ndim, nokuba nokusebenza, ke ijolise ndivuka iimvakalelo ezinamandla (nangona enyanisweni, isizathu angafanele ngayo). Ekuqaleni, lo uhlobo ngokuba «oluntu-umdla amabali» (umzekelo, amabali ezithetha ngabantu kunye nobuthathaka zabo). Eli nqaku iquka iindaba ulwaphulo-mthetho, enyundululu kuluntu ophezulu, kunye neentlobano zesini. Aba vulindlela yale uhlobo yaba George. Owazuza, saya ngelo xesha (i yee- zenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba), "New York IHLABATHI," yaye uWilliam Hurst of "New York Journal". Iqonga amanqaku elawula ezi ndaba American yale Big Apple njengoko The New York Tribune, «Herald" yaye "The New York Sun" (ngeCawa ukuncedisana kwi "Times").

ubuntatheli Investigative

Engumfuziselo kwihlazo, ifihlwe ngenyameko ukufunyanwa lwasesidlangalaleni iintatheli ngokuba "muckrakers". Iintatheli abenza uphando oluzimeleyo, waba, ngathi Paparazzi ukuba tabloids, ukuba angene emva ucingo Villas zabucala ukudibanisa kwimisebenzi yabo esi sixhobo hlola. Kodwa ke into eyingozi zako: umvuzo uluntu ukuba iziphumo zophando evuthayo umdla, yaye, ke ngoko, imali. Noko ke, kukho iintatheli kunye mbali nombulelo hlobo. Njengenxalenye ubuntatheli bokuphanda "zehla phandle" Watergate mcimbi. Oku kwasizi- ongapheliyo umxakatho reporter Carl Benstaynu. Ekuhambeni kwexesha lethu, wathabatha phezu ikhuni ka Maykl waphi, owenza uphando yakhe wakhutshwa kinoreportazh "Fahrenheit 9/11." Kwakhona kule uhlobo ubuntatheli entsha yaba Bob Vudvort kunye Tomas Vulf. amaphephandaba yaseMelika, leyo yapapasha iziphumo zophando ezinjalo, kubekwe ngokwalo njenge ncwadi, eyenzelwe advanced (xa esithi "ebakumgangatho") umfundi, "The New Yorker", "Esquire", "Ze Atlantic Monthly" kunye like.

Yokuhlolwa eUnited States

Kakade ke, kumanyundululu ezopolitiko akufuneki amagunya. Kwaye US, njengoko kwamanye amazwe, iinkampani, amaqumrhu, amaqela kunye nabezopolitiko umntu wazama ukuthiya umsebenzi intatheli. amaphephandaba yaseMelika kunye namaphephancwadi bafumana ngokumangalelana ngezityholo sokwehlisa okanye ayilunganga kwezopolitiko. Ke utshaba engundoqo eendaba - nguye ntlanu. Umbutho owaziwa "without Borders" ngo amawaka amabini kunyaka wesithathu Ubulungiseleli Defence ukuba chinilo iintatheli umqobo egubungele iziganeko e Iraq. Umsebenzi yangaphambili "CNN En" Christina Borzhesson wathi ntlanu uzama ukulawula yonke ingcaciso emalunga ukuya emkhosini. Kunjalo, izinga inkululeko yokuthetha kunye nokhuseleko iintatheli baseUnited States iphezulu kakhulu kwamanye amazwe, ingakumbi eRashiya.

I American cofa kunye kwintlekele yoqoqosho lwehlabathi

Kodwa akukho lutho kakuhle. Isibakala sokuba andikwazi ukwenza yokuhlolwa wenze le ntlekele jikelele. Kakade ke, ii-arhente ezininzi baqalisa ukuvelisa iindaba ngendlela enesiqhamo, kodwa ke urhulumente ushishino athile kungoku nje esime kakuhle. Ekuqaleni kuka-2008, kwakukho malunga neshumi elinesihlanu lamakhulu amaphephandaba bungaphezu kweekhilogram ezingamawaka amathandathu ngeveki. Kuyinto kuphela ngaphezu kweenyanga ezilishumi elinambini ezilandelayo ziye ngumsebenzi 16 amawaka iintatheli, ivaliwe amaphephancwadi 388 kunye namaphephandaba 120. Rocky Intaba News, eyapapashwa ngokuqhubekayo iminyaka elikhulu elinamanci mahlanu, iye yaphela. ungonakala Kuthiwa bephephandaba Times Inkampani Tribune Inkampani media. Iphephandaba ezizodwa American e IsiNgesi «I-Science Christian Monitor» wayeka apapasha kwi iphepha ijikwe ibe resource-intanethi. Kucacile ukuba kwiimeko ezinjalo abavakalisi nzima ukugcina ukuzimela umhleli.

amaphephandaba zaseMelika Russian

Kwi-US, ikhaya kwizizwe ezininzi ezahlukeneyo, ngoko kwishishini lephephandaba kumaphephandaba lobuhlanga ilizwe hayi wokugqibela. Abasuka kwindawo eyayisakuba yiSoviet Union unalo ithuba lokufunda iindaba zakutshanje Russian. Oku, Kakade ke, hayi iidayari. Uninzi iintlelo Russian-ulwimi uphume kuphela kanye ngenyanga okanye ngeveki. "Russian House" (e Atlanta), New York "Yehlabathi Elitsha" kwaye «The Dallas Telegraph» phakathi idumileyo Kuhlala Soviet na. Ngelishwa, amaphephandaba eMerika, Russian zingafakwanga encotsheni iimpapasho ezilishumi ethandwa. Oku kubangelwa kukungabikho iintatheli zobungcali nabahleli. Kodwa ke ukukhula yamaJuda Russian abathetha inika ithemba lokuba le meko iza kutshintsha.

Eyona ethandwa US ncwadi

Xa ukuthandwa umthamo kwegazi, kwindawo yokuqala i-USA Today ( «USA Today»). Phakathi phambili ishishini kule ncwadi ka The Wall Street Journal (ukuba kunjalo ngokuba imbeko ye-New York ezitratweni Walt Street, apho ukugcwala labarhwebi kwaye zebhanki). Amanye amaphephandaba eziphawulekayo American ikakhulu zisekelwe kwizixeko ezinkulu, neengqukuva karhulumente. Le "Los Angeles Times", "The Chicago Tribune", "Washington Post", "Denver Post", "Dallas Morning News", "Houston Chronicle," "Philadelphia Inkvayer". Ngenxa ngokwesithethe eyinkunzi uncrowned zoshishino lephephandaba usahleli New York. Kukho kufika le "diehards" kunye circulations amakhulu, njenge New York Daily News and New York Post.

Iphephandaba American "New York Times"

Elinye iphephandaba endala laseBritani yi The Times ( «Ixesha»). Lenza ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa ukususela 1785. Ngubani na le ncwadi yeyakho kumajelo Rupert Murdoch ukuba ubambe News Corporation. NgeCawa, isicelo uhamba "Bona I-Sunday Times". Ukuzisondeza kuyaziwa ekuqaleni, amaphephandaba amaninzi Siboleke eli gama sonorous. Iphephandaba American The Times yasekwa September 18, 1851. Ukususela ngomhla iphuma ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa. Yaye yasekwa njenge umba zommandla, kodwa kuba isihloko esemthethweni kuvakala The New York Times (New York Times). Xa olu luhlu baduma phakathi Press waseMelika ithatha indawo yesithathu (emva USA Today kunye The Wall Street Journal). iintatheli ezimakhulu kunye izihlandlo ezilishumi wawongwa ngeMbasa owazuza, yaye uza ezingamashumi amathathu ezigidi abafundi ngenyanga kwi website yakhe. Nokufika yoguqulelo Internet isilogani lephephandaba zatshintsha. Ngaphambili, wakhalisa ngathi, "Thina sonke iindaba ukuba kuphela unako uprinte." Ngoku ke Isaci eyahlukileyo kancinci. Ikhala: "Thina sonke iindaba, onokuwatshintsha nqakraza nje". Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukucacisa ukuba phantsi kwesihloko "The Times" eMelika uphuma lowu iindaba ngeveki. ikomkhulu lalo naye ibekwe eNew York. It yasekwa ngo-1923 yaye ukususela ngoko iye iphumelele indawo yokuqala ukalisho baduma phakathi iimagazini American. kwegazi kwayo ngo-2007 eneminyaka emithathu kunye iikopi nesiqingatha sesigidi.