Imbongi Apollon Maikov: biography, ubuchule

Maikov Apollon Nikolaevich - imbongi odumileyo Russian. Wayephila kwinkulungwane ye-19 (1821-1897). Ilifa bokubeka yale Imbongi umdla kweli xesha lethu ukuba uthetha italente yakhe ukuqina.

Imvelaphi A. N. Maykova

Kufuneka ke ukuba Apollon Maykov akazange nje ummeli unesiphiwo nentsapho yakhe. usapho yamandulo imbongi wayesisityebi nabantu abanetalente. Ngenkulungwane ye-15 ndahlala wezakwalizwi odumileyo Russian Azikho Sorsky, kwaye ebukumkanini uCatherine asebenza Imbongi Vasily Maikov.

Uyise hero yethu yaba academician yokudweba. Amanye amalungu entsapho yakhe yaba zizifundiswa. Umama - umguquleli kunye yimbongi, Valerian umzalwana - umbhali kunye mhlalutyi uncwadi, kunye Z, omnye umzalwana Apollo - Umshicileli mbali loncwadi.

Lwabantwana kunye iminyaka yeshumi elivisayo, incwadi yokuqala yemibongo

Childhood Apollo Nikolaevich echithwe kwilifa, ebeyinalo uyise. Yayikumgama kufuphi Emnye-uSergiyo Lavra. usapho Maikova ngo-1834 bafudukela eSt Petersburg. Apholo njengomntwana uzithandela zombini iincwadi nokupeyinta. Noko ke, elifutshane bisayo eyabangela ukuba ulandela ekhondweni likayise. Xa amalinge zokuqala ukubhala Maikova ibonisa impembelelo Gogol. Emva koko waba I nomdla kwimibongo Apollon Maikov. ngobomi bakhe ngayo ngeli xesha yayigcwele uqeqesho e St. Petersburg University, Faculty of Law. Emva kokuphumelela, Apollon Nikolaevich wapapasha incwadi yokuqala kwizibongo nemibongo yakhe. Esi siganeko sibaluleke kwenzeka ngo-1842.

Trip aphesheya, imibongo ezintsha

Kulo nyaka, Apollon Maykov wahambela kwelinye. Apha ke wahlala iminyaka emibini. UMike wamphulaphula ngo lectures Paris zizazinzulu owaziwayo. Ngoxa eRoma, wathabatha inxaxheba kukuzingxala amagcisa Russian, wabhala umbongo, wenza imizobo, waya wamkhwelisa ekhwele phezu Valley baseRoma. Isiphumo yayithi umjikelo lwembongi yokuvela Maikova "Imizobo of Rome" (epapashwe ngo-1847). Kwakuxa abahlala e-Italy, kumsebenzi imbongi yeyona lokuqala lumiswe. Apollon Maykov nahlukana imibongo anthological waza waqalisa ukufuna izibongo ebizwa ngokuba yi-, iingcinga neemvakalelo. Maikova wayeka umdla endala. Wagqiba ukuba ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Ngenxa yoko, kwakukho eni kubemi eRoma (Lorenzo, "eyiCapuchin", "UMUGQIBI").

Amazing

Abuyele kwilizwe lakhe, imbongi yaqala ukusebenza kwi Rumyantsev Museum indawo umncedisi unolayibrari. Kwisiqingatha sesibini 1840s ngokwemiqathango walo kwakukho Nekrasov, Grigorovich, Turgenev, Belinsky. Apollon Maykov wazibonela ngelixa impembelelo yesikolo zendalo. Ngoko ke, abaninzi zapapashwa "Amanqaku iLizwe loobawo". I "Petersburg Collection" Nekrasov epapashwe umbongo wakhe, "ingqondo" ngo-1846. A kwangethuba yayiyilwe omnye umbongo, "Ababini Ithamsanqa", ebalisa ibali 'akufuneki' abantu.

Unxibelelwano Petrashevists kwaye yahlelwa "Moskvityanin"

Apollo Nikolaevich ngaloo minyaka owayegulela ideologically Westernism. Ibandakanyeke kwintshukumo Petrashevists ngenxa umzalwana wakhe Valerian. Noko ke, oko waqala ukuba ucudise ekugxekeni lomgadi urhulumente. UMike wabona utopianism Petrashevists kwisenzeko, "lizele kukuzingca," "abaninzi ububhanxa 'kunye' uthanda kancinane."

Ingaba noxhaso Apollo Nikolaevich yaba umhleli "Moskvityanin". Apha ke ngesiquphe wafumana inxaxheba kuphela, kodwa ukuxhasa izimvo zabo. UMike wakhanyela imigaqo impucuko of Western Europe. Ingcinga sayihamba ingqokelela yakhe yonke "1854", apho kubonakala kakuhle inqubo Maikov ngelixa. Enye cross-ukusika umxholo le ncwadi yaba nomsebenzi wembali karhulumente Russian, leyo sinamafu indlela eya ingxokolo West of Batu kwaye ngokwenjenjalo ukuthintela ukuba kungachithwa kwimpucuko yaseYurophu ( "saseClaremont Cathedral" kunye nabanye.). Emva koko uMike waba monarchist azinikele. Wayekholelwa yobukhulu uNicholas I.

Creativity 1850

Njengoko kwenzeka zonke imbongi lokwenyaniso, ubuchule Maikova 1850 siseko banzi kakhulu eceleni. Uye wadala imisebenzi ngomxholo loluntu (idyll "Msweli" series "babethandaza Thoughts"), imibongo idelogizirovannogo kunye zezopolitiko. Ngelo xesha uMike wabhala umbongo eyaqhubeka imigaqo anthological kunye nobugcisa yesihobe yakhe kwixesha lokuqala. Oku ngezi imijikelo, njengoko 'Cameos "yaye" Fantasia. " Ekupheleni kuka-1850. kwakukho Imijikelo "House," "Xa zasendle", "Imvula", "Spring", "haymaking". Kule misebenzi sisakwazi va yangaphambili harmonic Maikova imbono kwindalo. Ngoku, ke, ukuthi kuziveza kwi imizobo kwilali landscape Russian.

"Autumn"

Ngowe ngo1856 wadala enye imibongo abadumileyo Apollon Maikov. "Autumn" - njengoko wayibiza. Imbongi ukusuka kwiminyaka yokuqala awayezithanda ngokuzingela, kodwa wayesoloko ngokwam ndicinga ukuba mnandi kakhulu ngaphezulu Uyamhlangula hambani njngesiqhelo kwi ehlathini ngaphandle zinja nemipu. Yena wayemthanda ngokwenene umlenze ngeharika amagqabi, uve crackle kumasetyana ... Noko ke, ehlathini ekwindla, ndayihluthwa imfihlelo kunye imfihlakalo njengoko 'intyatyambo lokugqibela svyanul "," aphazamisa Anut yokugqibela. " Kwaye eli hlabathi uzala imbongi ngaphambili iimvakalelo engaziwayo ...

hambo Marine

Italian isihloko walilungisa ngemisebenzi N. Apollo ngo-1859 Oku ngenxa yokuba, kunye nezinye abaphandi wenza uhambo yomkhosi wamanzi, ndibuvelela iziqithi Greek lencinibakazi. Inqanawa sele ngomkhombe, akazange ukufumana eGrisi. Kwafuneka ukuba ahlale e Naples. Ngoko kunokuba umjikelo omnye njengoko wamitha Maikov Apollon Nikolaevich, ndafumana ababini. "Albhamu Neapolitan" wadalwa umbono Italian. It is a uhlobo kwinoveli kwivesi, umxholo apho - ubomi babantu Naples. Ngenxa yoko ukufunda kwimbali nenkcubeko yase-Greece baba "Modern Greek Iingoma" ( "kuginya beDA," "Lullaby" kunye nabanye.).

Enye nemibongo yakhe edumileyo yethi "Lullaby ...". Apollon Maykov wadala lo msebenzi ngo-1860. abaqambi ezingaphezu kwama-20 ngexesha lakhe wabhala umculo kuyo. Phakathi kwabo Chesnokov, A. Arensky, V. Rebikov, P. Tchaikovsky.

Iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe

Kule minyaka 25 yokugqibela yobomi bakhe Maikova abanomdla imibuzo obungunaphakade ubomi. Wayecinga kuphuhliso impucuko. Indawo ebalulekileyo ingcamango Maikova ngeli xesha kuhlala, kwaye ziyahlelwa welizwe lethu, zakudala kunye langoku, indima yayo kwimbali. Ngowe-1880, Apollo Nikolaevich naye wadala inani lwemibongo, lubonakala yi yenkolo enzonzobila ingcamango yokuba ukuthobeka zonqulo - isici esasenza abantu Russian (! "Ubusuku engunaphakade iyeza ...." "Shiya, shiya ..", njalo njalo).

Ekuphetheni

Merezhkovsky kwincwadi yakhe "yoBuhlobo Obungunaphakade" wabhala uMike Apollo - imbongi, ogama indlela yokuphila ukukhanya egudileyo. Nam intshutshiso okanye iintshaba, okanye neenkanuko, okanye umzabalazo wayengekho kuwo. Kwakukho imibongo, iincwadi, uhambo, usapho uvuyo, uzuko. Eneneni, ngobomi bakhe malopoetichna: wafa kwi itheko, okanye ezimbini zokucwangcisa, zange esukela neenkanuko, noko ke uyathuthunjelwa. Apollo Maikov yonke lwangaphandle waya ngaphakathi. ngobomi bakhe bokwenene, ikamva oyinyaniso indlela yakhe kwabaseRoma kwanamaGrike leyinene Russian, imbali kwezizwe, lo izibongo iBhayibhile kunye nemibuzo obungunaphakade yobukho.