Amagcisa Russian lwe ngenkulungwane ye-18. Le mizobo intle artists Russian ngenkulungwane ye-18

ngenkulungwane ye-18 - ixesha apho kwakukho utshintsho omkhulu kuzo zonke iinkalo: zezopolitiko, ezentlalo, uluntu. EYurophu ayenzayo ukupeyinta Russian ngeentlobo amatsha: yomhlaba, yembali, ikhaya. ngendlela esengqiqweni yokudweba uba evelele. Umntu ophilayo - a hero kunye othwala siseko lobugcisa ixesha.

Xa kwimbali vutshila ngenkulungwane ye-18 Wehla njengoko ixesha zaveza eni. Yiba umfanekiso wakho ezifana yonke into ukusuka ukumkanikazi kwigosa eqhelekileyo ukusuka kwiphondo.

Imiba zaseYurophu umzobo Russian

amagcisa Famous Russian kwenkulungwane ye-18 kwanyanzeleka ukuba ukulandela ifashoni Western ngokuyalelwa uPetros mna, owayefuna Europeanize eRussia. ukubaluleka mkhulu eqhotyoshelweyo uphuhliso ubugcisa ecikizekileyo, saze ukuba ukwakha iziko ezizodwa.

amagcisa Russian kwenkulungwane ye-18 ukuphuhlisa iindlela ezintsha yokudweba yaseYurophu kunye kuboniswe canvases yakhe ookumkani nje kuphela, kodwa izinduna ezahlukeneyo, abarhwebi, oomawokhulu, abo bazama ukugcina up ne fashion yaye ngokufuthi enikwe amaciko endawo ukupeyinta umfanekiso. Ngelo xesha linye amagcisa belo xesha ukuzama ukutyebisa eni zezinto ngemihla, izinto zedrama yesizwe, uhlobo njalo njalo. Ingqalelo ijolise ifenitshala eninzi, zitsha ezinkulu, iingubo eqaqambileyo, eyingozi umdla. Imifanekiso zabantu ixesha waqonda namhlanje nje ibali echaza abazobi ixesha lakhe.

Kodwa eyahlukileyo eni ngokupheleleyo ezahlukeneyo amagcisa Russian ye eni ngenkulungwane 18 zabazobi angaphandle abamenyiweyo. Kufanelekile ukuba sikhankanye ukuba uqeqesho amagcisa Russian wamema amagcisa abasuka kwamanye amazwe.

iintlobo portraits

Le ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-18 wamiswa ngabapeyinti ukuguqulwa elichaza ukuba poluparadnym kunye neentlobo egumbini portrait yohlobo. Makhe ngabapeyinti kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane ye-18, ezikhokelela iintlobo ezifana ngaphambili, poluparadny, kwegumbi, banye.

Front view Mfanekiso yahlukile kwezinye umfanekiso babantu ukukhula ngokupheleleyo. Ukukhazimla Luks - kokubini iimpahla kunye izinto zemihla ngemihla.

umbono Poluparadny - lo mfanekiso imodeli idolo okanye esinqeni ngokunzulu.

Ukuba umntu uchazwa ngokuchasene imvelaphi yokungayi esifubeni okanye esinqeni - ngoko olu hlobo mfanekiso kuthiwa egumbini.

Athandana umbono umzobo kubandakanya isibheno ihlabathi engaphakathi hero komfanekiso, imvelaphi alihoywa.

imifanekiso ngobude

Ngokufuthi amagcisa Russian kwenkulungwane ye-18 kwanyanzeleka ukuba ibe portrait umfanekiso wokumelwa loMthengi ngokwakhe, kodwa hayi umfanekiso elililo. Kwakubalulekile ukuba ithathele ingqalelo izimvo zoluntu kule okanye loo mntu. Abahlalutyi abaninzi baye kudala bagqiba ukuba ulawulo omkhulu ngelo xesha akunjalo ubuninzi bomfanekiso yomntu njengoko enyanisweni nawuphi na umcimbi onjalo oko wayefuna ukuba, yaye ukuze zibe reflection okusemandleni alo. Oko kukuthi, xa eni nawuphi na umntu ezama ngendlela nje efanelekileyo.

Abaculi yokuqala

amagcisa Russian kwenkulungwane ye-18, uluhlu apho jikelele lincinane - oko kukuthi, ingakumbi, I. N. Nikitin, AP Antropov, F. S. Rokotov, IP Argunov, VL Borovikovsky, D . G. Levitsky.

Phakathi magcisa yokuqala kwenkulungwane ye-18 i Petrine era - Nikitin amagama Antropov, Argunov. Indima yala magcisa lokuqala Russian yaba kwinkulungwane okungenamsebenzi 18. Sasifana kuphela ubhale inani elikhulu imifanekiso yasebukhosini, eni iingangamsha Russian. amagcisa Russian kwenkulungwane ye-18 - inkosi eni. Nangona ke nje ekuncedeni iingcibi angaphandle ukupeyinta iindonga inani elikhulu amabhotwe, ukuvelisa ubuhle wokubonelwa.

Igama ngomzobi Ivan Nikitich Nikitin zingafunyanwa imbalelwano Peter I kunye nomfazi wakhe. isandla sakhe kokwabo umzobo ukumkani, yingqonyela G. I. Golovina. Ngomumo kwakhe Hetman nto ngumntu. Uhlanga akawatshintshi mhlawumbi iwigi okanye iimpahla enkundleni. Umzobi wabonisa Hetman ezifana ebomini. Kunjalo enyanisweni ubomi wabeka uncedo eziphambili portraits Nikitin.

Antropov ubuchule agcinwe imifanekiso Cathedral eSt Andrew likaThixo Kiev kunye portraits kwi-Sinodi. Le misebenzi ahluka yi tyekelo umzobi ukuba tyheli, oluhlaza, ngokuba opeyintayo elalifunda ziinkosi ze iconography. Phakathi imisebenzi yakhe edumileyo - eni ka Elizabeth, uPetros mna, Princess Troubetzkoy, Ataman F. Krasnoshchekova. Ubuchule Antropov wazihlanganisa isithethe yokudweba yokuqala Russian kwenkulungwane ye-17, yaye izimiso emihle Petrine era.

Ivan Petrovich Argunov - eyaziwa umhlaba portraitist Sheremetiev. portraits zakhe eziphambili yokuma imifanekiso yabantu ke bakhululekile kwaye mobile, wonke umsebenzi wakhe ngokuchanekileyo nje. Yena ngumdali eni athandana ukuba babe banye. imisebenzi ebalulekileyo wegcisa: enemifanekiso yabantu uCatherine II, esi sibini Sheremetyevo, P. B. Sheremeteva ebuntwaneni.

Musa ukucinga ukuba ngelo xesha kwakungekho elide kukho naluphi na uhlobo eRashiya, kodwa artists enkulu Russian kwenkulungwane ye-18 imisebenzi ibalulekileyo wadala ngxi uhlobo imifanekiso.

Kwincopho lo mfanekiso uhlobo lwe ngenkulungwane ye-18 yaba umsebenzi Rokotoff, Levitsky kunye Borovikovsky. Le ndoda ikulo mfanekiso kukho igcisa elingene bomntu, emazweni kwaye zihlonitshwe. qwa isintu izenzo Ayaziwa kwimizobo yabo.

Fedor Stepanovich kuduma (1735-1808 biennium).

Phantse akukho okwaziwayo malunga Fedor Rokotov, ngomzobi Russian yaseYiputa ngenkulungwane ye-18 ka-Prince Ivan Repnin. Makhe ingabasetyhini igcisa ubhala kakuhle kunye nomoya. ubuhle bangaphakathi Rokotov waqonda kakhulu kwaye kakuhle, yaye ufumana njengendlela wokuguqulela phezu ngelaphu. Nkqu portraits okweqanda ubethelela imbonakalo ebuthathaka kwaye ezintle yabafazi.

Eyona uhlobo umsebenzi wakhe - abonakale poluparadny. Phakathi imisebenzi yakhe - eni ze UGrigory Orlov noPetros III, Princess Yusupov kunye Prince Paul Petrovich.

Dmitri Grigor'evich Levitsky (1735-1822 biennium).

Ngumzobi odumileyo Russian lwe ngenkulungwane ye-18 - Dmitriy Grigorevich Levitsky, owayengumfundi A. Antropov, ngaba ngobunono makafake ukuvelisa abo kwimifanekiso lakhe lithi ngengqondo ingakumbi abantu. Obonisa osisityebi, oko kuhlala unenyaniso yaye cala, portraits zakhe ngaphandle servility kunye ubuxoki. isandla sakhe kokwabo igalari ye eni yamadoda amakhulu ngenkulungwane ye-18. Kwaba kuluhlu portrait Levitsky yadula inkosi. Yena ufumana babesima ezichazayo, izijekulo, ebonisa nezidwangube. Imbali Russian kubantu - kangaka badla ngokuba nobuchule Levitsky.
Umfanekiso, zaveza yi portraits umzobi ngayo M. A. Lvovoy, E. I. Nelidovoy, N. I. Novikova, isibini Mitrofanov.

Vladimir Lukich Borovikovsky (1757-1825 biennium).

Amagcisa Russian 18-19 leminyaka ebalasele isibheno lo mfanekiso kuthiwa njalo-imizwa. Painter Vladimir Lukich Borovikovsky ubhala amantombazana abacingayo abathi portraits zakhe zibonisa imibala eqaqambileyo, ukuba enomoya nasiphako. Heroine wayo - kuphela Russian Sasungulwa abesifazane izinxibo bemveli, kodwa oosisi amaGrike akumgangatho ophezulu. Makhe Naryshkina Lopukhina Princess Suvorova, Arsenyev. Imifanekiso ezininzi ezifanayo, kodwa ke akunakwenzeka ukuba ukulibala. Ezi eni ke azakubalulwa an abalinganiswa mayana emangalisayo zesini, amava phantse imperceptible ingakumbi ngokweemvakalelo kuhlanganiswa yonke imifanekiso bazive umusa. Xa imisebenzi yakhe Borovikovsky utyhila bonke ubuhle abafazi elo xesha.

Borovykovs'kogo lifa zahlukahlukene kakhulu kwaye ebanzi. Kukho umsebenzi wakhe wokuba eni olusesikweni kunye Imizobo encinane olusondeleneyo. Phakathi imisebenzi edume Borovikovsky baba portraits V. A. Zhukovskogo, G. R. Derzhavina, A. B. Kurakina noPawulos I.

Mizobo abaculi Russian

Mizobo yala magcisa Russian ngenkulungwane ye-18 zibhalelwe uthando umntu, ihlabathi wangaphakathi kunye nentlonipho ezintle yokuziphatha. Indlela igcisa nganye kwelinye icala, yahluke kakhulu, kwelinye - kukho iqela lemisebenzi esemqoka efanayo nabanye. Le ngongoma kuchazwa indlela efanayo egxininisa umlinganiswa zobugcisa Russian ngenkulungwane ye-18.

Eyona Imizobo abadumileyo yala magcisa Russian ngenkulungwane ye-18:

1. "Umpeyinti Young". Isiqingatha sesibini 1760s. Umbhali Ivan Firsov - umzobi kakhulu obufihlakeleyo ngenkulungwane ye-18. Womzobo ubonisa inkwenkwe iyunifom ngubani ayithethi umzobo intombazana entle encinane.
2. "Ukuhlukana of Hector kunye Andromache", 1773 Umbhali Anton Pavlovich Losenko. Lo mfanekiso yokugqibela mculi. Lo mzobo ibali le ngoma lesithandathu "Iliad" kaHomer.
3. "Stone Bridge kummandla Gatchina e uConstable", 1799-1801 gg. UMBHALI amadlozi Fedorovich Schedrin. Womzobo ibonisa umbono landscape.

kodwa

amagcisa Russian kwenkulungwane ye-18 usazama ukuba atyhile inyaniso kunye nohlobo lokwenyaniso abantu, nangona iimeko serfdom kunye neminqweno abathengi abazizityebi. Uhlobo lo mfanekiso ngenkulungwane ye-18 eziqulathwe iimpawu ezithile yabantu Russian.

Alithandabuzeki elokuba, sinokuthi, ngathi ubugcisa obubonwayo kwenkulungwane ye-18 ukuze ifuthe lenkcubeko yaseYurophu, emva konke, oko kukhokelele kuphuhliso izithethe zesizwe Russian.