Alpha radiation

Olunye uhlobo radiation enyukliya, esebenza phantse yonke kwaziwe ukuba iintlobo inzululwazi kunye neentlobo kwamaza, amasuntswana, na radiation alpha. Umthombo yale meko isebenza (uqhutyelwe) radioactivity zendalo okanye esidalwe ngumntu. Uhlobo radioactivity ukuba ukuqaliswa kwaye iqhubeke ngokuzenzekelayo ngokuba imisebe zendalo kunye "amalungu" awo - nucleus kukho unxibelelwano ezingazinzanga lwangaphakathi phakathi kweengqakumbana eziziziqalelo ngumongo. Umzekelo, eziba izinto radioactive ezifana ezifana uranium okanye Radium-235 njani ngokuzenzekelayo kukhutshwe alpha, beta kunye amasuntswana gamma. Ngako oko, kukho kunye neentlobo radiation yenyukliya: radiation alpha, imitha beta kunye gamma-radiation.

Uhlolisiso lubonisa ukuba alpha amasuntswana azinabungozi kakhulu umzimba womntu kuba ukuba kwisantya sezingeni eliphezulu, kunjalo, ube nekhono gaze iphantsi kakhulu. Le nto ke ukuba ezinye iindidi ze amasuntswana - positrons, elektroni, amasuntswana beta, apho kukho ingozi enkulu kakhulu amandla, ngenxa yoko, gaze ngakumbi. Njengoko eliphezulu-amaza reyi, amasuntswana wesigrike, ube namandla umthondo omkhulu kakhulu kwaye ezisongela ubomi.

Ngokufutshane, alpha radiation - uhlobo lwe radiation ionizing, nto leyo umlambo okhawulezileyo okanye kwe amasuntswana ngokuqinisekileyo icala ukuba uqina ophezulu kunye lamandla enkulu.

Ngokusekelwe ekhoyo okwangoku imini ngolwazi kwinkalo yenyukliya eneji, izinto eziphambili imithombo radiation alpha ezi izinto ezineeathom ezilinganayo radioactive kwezinto eziye ekuweni kwipropati ngenxa yobuthathaka kwiqhina atomic ayikhuphi amasuntswana alpha kwinkqubo yalo ukubola.

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, iphambili radiation alpha, leyo ukwahlula kwezinye iintlobo radiation enyukliya, amandla abo kakhulu ephantsi wajula. Le isiphumo luchazwa into yokuba amasuntswana nodibaniso olunesantya esiphezulu, ngoko ke ionization indlela abaye bayoyisa ngokukhawuleza kakhulu. Endleleni, "okulandelayo" amasuntswana alpha ke ezinako ukudala inani elibalulekileyo ion ayingxenye, leyo, a ionization ezixineneyo.

Ubukho a ionization ingxinano enkulu kugqiba impumelelo bemvelo kumagama imitha, nto leyo malunga ezilishumi amaxesha ngaphezu koko yabonakala radiation X-ray. Isenzo esinjalo kwi womuntu kubonakala kwinto yokuba ngenxa yokuba isantya indlela phezulu kumphezulu wayo kungenzeka nokutsha. Ukuba alpha-amasuntswana ukungena ngaphakathi emzimbeni, umzekelo, ngokusebenzisa ngomlomo okanye evulekileyo amanxeba, bona ke wonke umzimba womntu ngoncedo yokumpompoza kwegazi. Kule meko kukho zokukhanya lwangaphakathi.

Le ndlela ivumela ukusetyenziswa radiation alpha kwi unyango lwezifo ezahlukeneyo neenkqubo-ebizwa ngokuba unyango alpha.

uhlobo le ngxaki yokusetyenziswa radiation alpha Physical nemichiza kukuba ion eziveliswa lokudlula amasuntswana alpha ngokukhawuleza kakhulu usebenzisa amandla ayo amandla, emva koko kwezi ion senziwa similise okwaloo athom helium kakhulu zesiqhelo. Ngenxa yoko, nathi ukuthetha malunga nenkqubela zomzimba zebhayoloji kumzimba yabantu ukusabela radiochemical. Ezi reactions kuvumela ukusetyenziswa radiation alpha ukulungiselela iinjongo zonyango, kuba kwasekwa ekuhambeni izinto ezineeathom ezilinganayo - radon, thoron, ukuba ixesha analo lifutshane yobomi bakhe kwaye ayikwazi yingozi ngakumbi umzimba ngokuthobela idosi ekhuselekileyo emiselwe kunye namanye amanyathelo.

Iinkqubo eziphambili ngexesha unyango alpha ziquka sabelo radon webhate, isicelo kumagama-Oluma radioactive kwimimandla echaphazelekayo lomzimba, ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi radon, inhalation komoya radon-rich.

Le nkqubo kufuneka ibe nempembelelo entle iinkqubo Wayesoyika sentliziyo, zibe iintlungu kunye nesiphumo anti-ukudumba.

Eyaziwa amaziko apho ukusetyenziswa olusebenzayo unyango alpha ngeenjongo zamayeza kukho iiholide ka Pyatigorsk, Tskhaltubo, Brambach kunye nezinye iindawo apho kukho imithombo yendalo radon.