X-radiation

-X-reyi, ukususela kwinqanaba umbono yemvelo, na radiation magnetic, ogama kwamaza ziyohluka kuluhlu ukusuka neenanometer 0.001 ukuya ku-50. Kwafunyaniswa ngo-1895, yamachiza German V.K.Rentgenom.

Ngokwemvelo, ezi ray ezinxulumene yelanga elanga. Xa spectrum of the ray elanga elide amaza erediyo na. Emfa kwayo akukho sisikhanyiso infrared ukuba amehlo ethu musa ukuqonda, kodwa sivakalelwa kuyo ubushushu. Emva koko imitha obomvu Violet. Emva koko - UV (A, B no-C). Kwaye kanye emva kwakhe le X-reyi kwaye gamma.

X- radiation (-X ray) zingafumaneka ngeendlela ezimbini: xa elekhtrons kwi nesixhobo amasuntswana ityala kunye electron kwi inguqu ngoomaleko ephezulu embindini kunye nokukhululwa kokudlulisela amandla therethrough.

Ngokungafaniyo yokukhanya ebonakalayo, ezi ray ubude elikhulu kunene, ukuze bakwazi ukungena izinto ngaphaya kwawo, ngaphandle kokuba kuboniswe, refracted, hayi ngaphandle beqokelela kuzo.

Bremsstrahlung ube lula. amasuntswana icala ngexesha elekhtrons kukhutshwe radiation electromagnetic. Okuya uba mkhulu umsantsa yokunyusa amasuntswana kunye elekhtrons yiyo libukhali, kokukhona radiation x-reyi eyenziwe kunye kwamaza waso uba ezincinane. Kwiimeko ezininzi kakhulu practice abanaluncedo ngezizukulwana ray ngexesha deceleration of elektroni ku eziqinileyo. Oku kukuvumela ukulawula umthombo kwimitha, ukuthintela ingozi yokuba sesichengeni sosasazeko lwemitha kuba-X-reyi unyamalale ngokupheleleyo xa amandla icinyiwe.

Owona mthombo ziqhelekileyo radiation enjalo - X-ray ityhubhu. Ngoko ezintweni radiation ayikho iyunifomu. Yinto ekhoyo kunye soft (wave elide) kunye ngqongqo (short-wave) abuya. Soft luphawulwa kukuba ako ngokupheleleyo umzimba womntu, ngoko ke umonakalo radiation X-ray kuzisa ngokuphindwe kabini kunokuba nzima. Xa zokukhanya magnetic kwabantwana okungaphaya izihlunu ionization zingonakalisa iiseli kunye DNA.

Tube - umbhobho cleaner ne electrode ezimbini - cathode elibi kunye anode ezintle. Xa ubushushu le cathode idliwa kulowo elektroni, ngoko ke olukhawulezileyo esigangeni yombane. Xa okuqinileyo anodes, baqala inhibition leyo siphelekwa ukukhutshwa radiation electromagnetic.

X-radiation ogama nemihlaba ngokubanzi kusetyenziswa amayeza, isekelwe phezu ekufumaneni umfanekiso isithunzi uvavanyo into kwiscreen enovakalelo. Ukuba umzimba bene mhlophe msebe reyi ngaxeshanye, le ezayo komthunzi loo mzimba uza kusasazwa ngaphandle ubugqwetha (kulingana). Ukuziqhelisa, umthombo radiation lifana ngakumbi ingongoma, ngoko ibekwe kwindawo umgama ukusuka umntu eskrinini.

Ukuze ufumane i-X-ray, umntu obekwe phakathi ityhubhu X-reyi kwaye isikrini okanye ifilim, babe detectors kwemitha. Ngenxa zokukhanya kulo ithambo umfanekiso omnye umcu ashinyeneyo zibonakale ngokohlobo amathunzi erhwada khangela nshita ngakumbi nxamnye background kwimimandla ezichazayo ebonisa esikule kunye ukufunxeka ngaphantsi. Kwi-X-reyi umntu uba "semi-transparent".

Ukusasaza,-X ray amatshijolo wendele. Phambi kokuba imitha ukufakwa unokuwisa amakhulu iimitha emoyeni. Kumbandela eshinyeneyo ngayo ako kakhulu ngokukhawuleza. Eziphilayo izicwili zomntu ezi owahlukeneyo, ngoko ke kukufakwa kwimitha ixhomekeke lexinene izidumbu zeethishu. Bone inyama zidla imitha ngokukhawuleza ngaphezu ancedisana ethambileyo, kuba iqulathe into kokuba amanani aphezulu atomic. Ziluhlaza (single yamasuntswana ray) ukuba zifunxwe kwinyama ahlukeneyo emzimbeni womntu ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukufumana umfanekiso echaseneyo-X-reyi.