Alexander, i-Grand Duke. Imbali yoBukhosi Russian

Grand Duke Romanov Alexander Mikhailovich wazalwa Aprili 13, 1866 ngo Tiflis. Uninzi ubomi bakhe iye yanxulunyaniswa kunye nophuhliso Navy kunye Air Force. Le ilungu ohlanga bakhumbula iiprojekthi zoyilo, ubunkokheli elifutshane elide kurhwebo lwaselwandle, kwaye esebenzayo ithuba yokushiywa emva kweMfazwe Civil.

Esakhula

I-Grand Duke wayengunyana ka uMikhail Nikolayevich nomzukulwana loMlawuli Nicholas I. Tsar Alexander III, yena umzala. Lo mlawuli yokugqibela, uNicholas II enkulu-umtshana wakhe. unina Alexander ka-- Olga Fedorovna - yaba waseJamani ngokuzalwa. Yena ke intombi ka-Duke Leopold of Baden.

Esengumntwana, ikamva Tsar Nicholas II ezimbalwa abahlobo abasenyongweni. Omnye wabo uthathwa Alexander. I-Grand Duke kunye yindlalifa kwetrone phantse iminyaka efanayo umahluko seminyaka emibini. Njengabo abameli ezininzi ezingephi zeNdlu Romanov, Alexander unyule umsebenzi yasemkhosini. Wacela kwi Marine Metropolitan College, apho waphumelela ngo-1885. Lo mfana ufumene isikhundla yegosa egunyazisa waza waphuma ukuba babhalise kwi Guards. Ukhetho wayengekho ngengozi. Baye nabalindi yinxalenye ophambili aselwandle ibe yinxalenye Imperial Guard.

tour World

Ngowe-1886, Romanov uAleksandr Mihaylovich waya ziyijikeleze umhlaba, oqala into midshipman. Grand Duke weza Iplanethi bronepalubnom corvette "intsimbi." Kwi Eva Christmas, wangena emkhombeni amanzi ezifunda a Brazil qelele. Alexander yakhokhela nondwendwelo ezisemthethweni woMlawuli IGdańsk Pedro II. YoMlawuli wadibana undwendwe Russian abahlala yakhe Alpine Petropolis, apho balinda bade ashushu kumzantsi ehlotyeni. Nje embalwa, uPedro asiyeke, kunye Brazil yaba yiriphabliki.

I-Grand Duke wenza kokuma eMzantsi Afrika. Apho waqhelana ngobomi nzima umsebenzi kumafama Dutch. Ukusuka Kapa waqalisa inguqu elide "Rynda" - eSingapore. Inqanawa wachitha elwandle evulekileyo iintsuku ezingama-45, ngelo xesha oogxa bakhe ukuba baye babona ukuba unaloo ukuya komhlaba. Ngokutsho memoirs ka-Alexander Mikhailovich, yonke indlu yesibini Chinatown Singapore yaba emhadini umlaliso, apho abathandi ichiza ke ethandwayo.

birthday umzala wakhe 21 waza wadibana ukumkani endleleni yakhe eya Hong Kong. Emva koko wachitha malunga neminyaka emibini e Nagasaki, apho waya uhambo ukuya eIndiya, Australia kunye Philippines. EJapan, luKhuphiswano lweTshawe neTshawekazi Grand watyelela IGdańsk umlawuli waze wafunda iziseko zolwimi lwasekuhlaleni. "Rynda" wabuyela eYurophu entwasahlobo ka-1889, emva kokuba edlula Suez Canal eYiputa. Phambi kokuba ube endlwini, luKhuphiswano lweTshawe neTshawekazi Grand watyelela kulala Queen Victoria, lowo wamthabatha Romanov kunye iindwendwe, nangona ixesha elinzima yonxulumano British-Russian.

Alexander Mikhailovich waba kwezikhephe yakhe "uTamara". Phezu kwalo, yena wenza uhambo eziliqela. Ngowe-1891, "uTamara" batyelela India. Kungekudala emva kohambo Alexander waba yintloko phezu umbhuqi "Revel" Ngowe-1893, yena, kunye butho waya North America. Iifrigate "nguDmitry Donskoy" kunye nezinye iinqanawa Russian bathunyelwa Yehlabathi Elitsha kumsitho isikhumbuzo 400 amazwe yayo yi Columbus.

umshado

Ngowe-1894 sele Alexander - i-Grand Duke - olingana uLieutenant. Kungekudala emva koko promotion watshata. Alexander nomkakhe baba Xenia Alexandrovna. I-Grand neTshawekazi laseYork bashiya ubengudade aselula uNicholas II. Wayesazi umyeni wakhe elizayo ukususela ebuntwaneni - wayesoloko watyelela Gatchina, apho kwakukho oonyana Alexander III.

Brunette slim abade yaba kuphela uthando oselula Xenia. Eyokuqala iimvakalelo zakhe, yena waxelela umntakwabo Nicholas, wabiza umhlobo Alexander re. Wedding le Grand lweTshawe Grand neTshawekazi laseYork bashiya wathabatha indawo ngoJulayi 25, 1894 ngo Peterhof. Esi sibini wayenabantwana abasixhenxe - oonyana abathandathu kunye nentombi enye (Irina, Andrei, Fedor, Nikita, Dmitri, Rostislav kunye Basil).

Ukunyamekela Navy

Ngowe-1891 Alexander waqala ukuzivakalisa weefayili "waselwandle", nto leyo eyaba lowu ethandwa kakhulu kwi kwizithuthi lwasekhaya. Kulo nyaka, umama wakhe wasweleka Olga Fedorovna. Grand Duke ingqalelo kakhulu kwi imeko Pacific Fleet. Ukuze ukuba ukuqinise, Alexander wachitha iminyaka emininzi ukulungiselela inkqubo-qhinga yokuvuselelwa yayo. Olu xwebhu thaca uNicholas II ngo-1895.

Nangona i-East Far waba ekucamngceni - in China kwakukho ngxushungxushu Japan yala maxesha ngokukhawuleza waza waqalisa ukuya ibango isihloko kwamagunya ephambili kule ngingqi. Oko phantsi kwezi meko mna Alexander? Grand Duke ecetywayo ukusuka yokuba Japan liphuhlisa ngokukhawuleza, kungekudala zenze imfazwe iRussia. Xa kwasebuncinaneni bakhe, wachitha iminyaka emibini Kwilizwe LaseJapan, kwaye ngeli xesha wayebona mathupha inkqubela ethe kufika ixesha elifutshane kwisiqithi bukhosi.

Noko ke, isilumkiso Grand Duke kaThixo wabizelwa eSt Petersburg ubuhlungu. amalungu ubukhosi Okuninzi zomkhosi akwizikhundla eziphezulu yaye elilungu Japan njenge utshaba obuthathaka, yaye akazange acinge imfuneko ukulungiselela iphulo enzima. Ixesha lubonise ukuba engalunganga. Kunjalo, le nkqubo asizange yamkelwa. Ukongeza, ngenxa yokuba babengavumelani malunga nekamva le zithuthi umhlala ngokwakhe Alexander wathunyelwa ngokufutshane. I-Grand Duke wabuyela inkonzo ngo-1898, ukuba igosa kwi coastguard wempi "Jikelele-Admiral Apraksin".

impumelelo engineering

Inkonzo "Apraksin" Grand Duke wamnika amava angathethekiyo, nto leyo yenza isiseko ngomsebenzi wakhe zoyilo. Ngowe-1900, emkhosini wayigqiba sketch wempi kwezakha coastguard "Admiral Butakov". Waba zokwazisela of "Apraksin". Kunye ne Alexander Mikhailovich wasebenza phezu injineli oyintloko iprojekthi yekhapitali saseMazibuko sikhephe Dmitriy Skortsov.

Enye iziqhamo yemisebenzi zobunjineli le-Grand Duke - a wempi iphulo ukubana kweetoni 14000 of. Wafumana guns elinesithandathu. ngaxeshanye Alexander Mikhailovich iprojekthi efana izidanga injineli odumileyo aselwandle uVittorio Kunibert. Lo mzobo yaba sisiseko ukwakhiwa iinqanawa ngezigaba "Regina Elena". Umahluko phakathi ngezimvo Kunibert kunye Grand Duke kuphela kukuba ingcamango an Italian, ngokwahlukileyo ukuya ongenabuyambo Romanova, emva kokuba zonke yenzeke.

Ikhabhinethi yaBaphathiswa

Ngowe-1903, ngethuba Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich kwafika iindaba ezilungileyo Palace. Waye wonyuselwa yangasemva Admiral. Phambi kokuba Grand Duke kwiminyaka emibini waba umphathi phezu wempi "Rostislav". Ngoku Alexander ejonge kwinkonzo ingenalo novelwano. Waya-Ofisi ka-Merchant Shipping Council. Alexander azixhokonxa ukumkani ukuguqula le arhente. NgoNovemba 1902 iBhunga waba loMlawuli Jikelele ka-Merchant Shipping kunye Ports, yaye okunene - loMphathiswa.

Ngungqondongqondo kanti oyintloko arhente entsha ngokwakhe Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich. Imikhumbi Russian waba soloko yeziko eyahlukileyo eyayiza kukhusela iimfuno zalo zabasebenzi, wacinga Romanov. Noko ke, abantu abaneenjongo ezintle okanye ekhokelwa olinene enoba, kwanyanzeleka ukuba ajongane abalungiseleli encinane aphikisayo. Abazange ungathanda ukuba ilungu losapho lobukumkani yangenelela umsebenzi karhulumente. Phantse yonke iKhabhinethi wajika inkcaso ku Alexander Mikhailovich. oogxa bakhe benza konke okusemandleni abo ukuze ukulukuhla uMlawuli ukunyibilikisa i Administration Jikelele. Oku kwenziwa ngo-1905. Ngenxa yoko, i-Grand liTshawe neTshawekazi umntwana abazange iminyaka emithathu.

Kwemfazwe Japan

C kokufika War Russian-Japanese, Navy yoBukhosi baseRashiya wajamelana nengxaki enkulu. Alexander, ngubani wamnika kakhulu ebomini bakhe, wathabatha inxaxheba kuloo phulo. Wathabatha ophethe imisebenzi kunye isitya inkxaso noqeqesho ephethwe yi-Volunteer Fleet. Emva koko ke saya ikomiti ukulungiselela ukuqokelelwa iminikelo ukomeleza squadrons zomkhosi.

Ngowe-1905, emva ekupheliseni ubulungiseleli bakhe, Alexander waba nenjengele iqembu abonakalisi kunye cruisers, zam, esigunyaziswe loo mayeza abanam. Xa kwavela umbuzo kokuthumela butho Pacific yesibini ukuya kunxweme eMpuma Ekude, luKhuphiswano lweTshawe neTshawekazi Grand wathetha nxamnye esi sigqibo, ucinga iinqanawa walungisa ngokwaneleyo. Kwanasemva kokuba kokuphela kweMfazwe Russian-Japanese kakhulu-uyisekazi ukumkani, wathabatha inxaxheba kumalungiselelo iinkqubo nezicwangciso ukuba bayakhe zuka ngexesha lephulo yomkhosi.

Admiral kunye umxhasi ukundiza

Ngo-1909 i-Duke Grand waba isekela-gosa. Kulo nyaka uyise wafa, uMikhail Nikolaevich. kwamashumi amabini, waba irhuluneli zaseCaucasus, nkqu '24 - usihlalo weBhunga State. UMikhail waba nabantwana abathandathu, noAlesandire waphila ixesha elide ngaphezu nayiphi na nabazalwana noodade bakhe.

Ngowe-1915, i-Duke Grand yaba gosa. Nangona kunjalo, imisebenzi livakalisa inkxalabo kuphela izithuthi. Alexander wenze okuninzi sokuphuhlisa National Aeronautics. Kwaba phezu iphulo yakhe ngo-1910 yasekwa igosa Sevastopol ukundiza esikolweni. Ngaphezu koko, lo enkulu, uyisekazi ukumkani intloko yomkhosi lomoya Imperial. Ngethuba leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi, luKhuphiswano lweTshawe neTshawekazi Grand kuhlola iinqanawa kunye moya.

INguqu kunye War Civil

I-Februwari revolution wavele batshintsha ubomi onke Romanovs. amalungu entsapho yasebukhosini zasuswa emkhosini. Alexander Mikhailovich wagxothwa kwinkonzo, ngexesha ilondoloza iyunifomu. Urhulumente interim wamvumela ukuba siphile kwilifa lakhe iCrimea. Mhlawumbi kuphela nengqungquthela ngexesha ngasezantsi wamhlangula ummi Romanova. Kunye naye eCrimea yabangela Xenia Alexandrovna kunye nabantwana babo.

Alexander akazange ashiye Russia de ngomzuzu wokugqibela. Ngexesha leMfazwe Civil eCrimea izihlandlo eziliqela udlule isandla ngesandla. Xa amandla ekusingasiqithi bafudukela okwethutyana iiBolsheviks, i Romanovs baba usengozini ofayo. Ke eCrimea wafika phantsi umsebenzi waseJamani. Emva kokuba Uxolo Brest wayo kudala ebanjwe namahlakani bezinye iintlanga Entente White. ke xa Alexander kunye nentsapho yakhe wagqiba ukushiya eRussia. NgoDisemba 1918, wahlabela mgama inqanawa yaseBritani eFransi.

izwe

E Paris, Alexander waba lilungu intlanganiso Russian yezopolitiko. Esi sakhiwo yasekwa abachasi elalisakuba yiSoviet ukuze ukumela izilangazelelo ilizwe lakhe kwinkomfa Versailles. Ekupheleni kuka-1918 yaphelela leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi kwaye ngoku oyiphumeleleyo lizwe oza isigqibo okumiselwe Europe. Russia, leyo phambi kokuba iiBolsheviks wangumlawuli ngokunyaniseka enze umsebenzi wabo kwi Entente, umnakekeli ukumelwa e Versailles ukuba uxolo hlukanisa eJamani. Abaxhasi intshukumo abamhlophe bazama ukumbamba kwebhanile abayeke, kodwa watsho phantsi. Alexander wasebenzisa zonke izibonelelo zalo ukuba beyiseke amagunya asemzini ukuze ukubhukuqa iiBolsheviks, kodwa akuphumelelanga.

Iinzame abasuka kwamanye amazwe, njengoko naziyo, asizanga batsho phantsi. Phakathi kwabaninzi Grand Duke waya eYurophu, enethemba lokuba abuyele ekhaya. Yena kude ekubeni indoda endala, kutshanje wasondela emnyango iminyaka mahlanu, kwaye sijonge phambili sibe nekamva elingcono. Noko ke, abanye abantu abafudukele ezimhlophe, Alesandire wahlala de kwasekufeni kwakhe kwilizwe lasemzini. indawo yakhe yokuhlala wakhetha France.

I-Grand Duke yaba lilungu lemibutho emininzi abasuka kwamanye amazwe. Yena nguSihlalo Union labaqhubi Russian wamajoni, waza wathabatha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi kumisa Petrom Vrangelem Russian Military Union. Romanov banceda abantwana abaninzi elubhacweni kwi sikhundla babuthathaka.

Le minyaka yokugqibela yomphefumlo umzala ka uNicholas II waya umsebenzi memoirs zabo. Xa uhlobo eshicilelweyo iinkumbulo Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich ( "Book of Ngokukhumbula") yapapashwa ngo-1933 xa umvakalisi Paris. Umbhali wafa ngokukhawuleza emva kokuvela umsebenzi wakhe koovimba. Yena wafa ngoFebruwari 26, 1933 kwi iiholide kwidolophu Roquebrune kwi-Cote d'Azure. Alpes-Maritimes kwaye libe yindawo yokuphumla le izidumbu umfazi Grand Duke Xenia Alexandrovna. Yena ngasemva umyeni wakhe weminyaka eyi-27, wafa-Aprili 20, 1960 kwi-British Windsor.

Memoirs ye Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich namhlanje yamagugu umdla malunga ixesha kwimbali yeli lizwe. Emva kokuwa yobukomanisi, inkumbulo Romanov ekhaya, kwakunye nabanye abameli ezininzi ohlanga, ekugqibeleni ibuyiselwe. Ngo-2012, eSt Petersburg yaba umhlola yobhedu. umbhali we lesikhumbuzo waba nomkroli kunye ilungu Elawulayo Russian Academy of Arts Albert Charkin.