Alexander Alyabyev: engobomi emfutshane, iifoto Alyabeva Aleksandra Aleksandrovicha

Owasungula le romance Russian, umqambi emangalisayo Alexander Alyabyev waseka pushkinianu zomculo, Russian kwigumbi umculo weentambula, yaba intwasahlobo kwempumelelo ezininzi elizayo yesikolo kazwelonke ukwakheka. It waziwa kakhulu imisebenzi eyodwa, ngubani unanamhla zezona oyintanda kakhulu kwaye kaninzi lwenziwa nkqu entsatsheni neyethu baya. Umzekelo, "The Nightingale," "Winter Road", "Bells Ngokuhlwa" abaninzi, nabanye abaninzi.

biography

Aleksandra Alyabeva ukususela ebuntwaneni baqhele umculo. Kukho ubungqina bokuba wathabatha izifundo ipiyano ukusuka odumileyo D. Field. Ngenye indlela, owokuqala umsebenzi wakhe wayitshabalalisa kuye, yaye yaba Piano "Grand Polonaise" - ndingenza umsebenzi obhadlileyo ikonsathi yokuqala eRashiya kule uhlobo.

Alexander Alyabyev wazalelwa Tobolsk, kwintsapho lerhuluneli, wamnika ithuba lokufumana imfundo ebalaseleyo. Walwa ne kukaNapoleon wokuzithandela lamabutho imbongi odumileyo Denis Davydov, uhlatywe kakhulu kwaye bawongwa iimbasa ngenxa sobukhalipha nesibindi. Kwaye emva kwemfazwe uAleksandr Alyabev, umqambi, wazinikela ngokupheleleyo umculo.

Le igumbi lokuhlala grand ethandwa kakhulu kwaye gqolo ukwenziwa nezicatshulwa evela opera bakhe, Amahlaya zomculo, kwaye amaxesha amaninzi sung iingoma. biography ihonjiswe Aleksandra Alyabeva abantu emangalisayo: yena umhlobo osenyongweni kakhulu Griboyedov, Shakhovskoi, Decembrists Bestuzhev Mukhanov. Yena ekwabelwana ngazo zonke nezicwangciso eekonsathi Verstovsky kunye nabazalwana Vilegorskimi. Ndahlala e Moscow - ebomini kumabala emidlalo. Nkqu "Triumph ka yena uthi" xa kuvulwa i-Bolshoi Theatre yabhalwa ngokudibeneyo kunye Alyabiev Verstovsky kunye Scholz.

Akukho kwakungekho zimpawu

Kulo lonke eli lizwe, kuye waziwa ngokuba le umculo Alexander Alyabyev. Photo akazange ayikho, kodwa eni yokubhala zakhe ngaloo mihla amagcisa - umqambi wayebhula. iingoma zakhe, wayecula eSt Petersburg eMoscow, nakwiidolophu zikude. Kwindibano Bolshoi Theatre baba opera "sobulumko Ilali" akhe, "Moonlight", ballet "The Magic Drum".

Noko ke, ngo-1825, yena wabulala iqabane wakhe umdlalo card. Ngequbuliso. Kunye Alyabyev wabanjwa. zokubulala awuthunyelwanga kwabonakala. Noko ke, umqambi ovinjwa zonke ezintlwini, imiyalelo kunye izikhulu. Kwaye unokubhekisa emva Tobolsk. Kwisixeko elikude kakhulu eSiberia kuyabanda, apho wakha wachitha ebuntwaneni bakhe abonwabileyo. Xa lo mfanekiso ungezantsi ubonisa enye nomqambi weengoma kwe zothando best Alyabiev - UNikolai Ogarev.

Tobolsk neCaucasus

Alexander Alyabyev ubudlelwane ngulo ityala akulunganga ukuba umculo kuphela ukugcina naye ukusuka kwinyathelo lokugqibela. Apha ke okhestra emangalisayo kuhlelwe esisebenza ngayo njengoko nomdlali, zinginginya Ikonsathi ezahlukeneyo. Kwaye abhale umculo, yahluke gqitha kowangaphambili, mafu esibhakabhakeni. Kukho kuvela iingoma wakhe: "Winter Road", "Irtysh", "unomyayi ezimbini". Kodwa mothuko luvo unyawo: biography Alyabeva Aleksandra Aleksandrovicha njengendoda yehlabathi, ukuhamba kuyo nayiphi na indlu, wayigqiba. Umqambi nezibi.

Kwiminyaka esixhenxe kamva, ngowe-1832, waza wavunyelwa ukuba bahambe eSiberia kunye eCaucasus ukuba ahambe unyango. Kukho abhaliweyo bothando bakhe, epapashwe ingqokelela osihloko sithi "imvumi abaseAfrika". Kudala phambi kokuba ungumqokeleli engundoqo lwemveli M. I. Glinki yi Alyabev uAleksandr Aleksandrovich ubhala iingoma Caucasians, Kirghiz, Bashkirs, futhi kuvumelana iinkqubo zabo esebenzisa umsebenzi wakhe. Ngenela kunye Maksimovich kwincwadi "Voices of iingoma Ukrainian 'ukuba kunjalo wayethanda N. V. Gogolyu. Apha lo mfanekiso - inkosi ndlwana, apho imisebenzi emininzi Alyabiev eyenziwa okokuqala, umhlobo umqambi, yayingeyiyo Alexander Griboyedov.

ukubuya

"Uvalelisa" Alyabiev kancinci: ngo-1835 wavunyelwa ukuba ahlale nezihlobo amadlelo kunye uvalwe ngokupheleleyo kuzo ukuya zeengqukuva, ngo-1843 avunyelwa ukuhlala e Moscow, kodwa esweni yamapolisa rhoqo. Oku kuthetha: musa ukubona abaphulaphuli, akukho iqela okanye kwi iikonsathi okanye yeqonga. Yaye yagqitywa ke ubomi bakhe umsebenzi, iingoma ezinqwenelwa okuphawulekayo isiqulatho yoluntu njenge "UMUGQIBI", "caretaker Ilali", "yabahamba". Yaye iluncedo, ndimele ndithi, babefuna luluntu okwangoku, kodwa phantse yonke imisebenzi yakhe baqalisa ixesha reference zemfundo.

Akukho namnye ababhali zokuqala ukuthandana Russian angazange indawo ephakamileyo kwindawo umculo Russian njengoko Alyabev uAleksandr Aleksandrovich. biography esifutshane kunye zinto iziganeko zobomi kwakhe nzima. Uye wasebenza phantse zonke iintlobo zomculo, kodwa iziko lakhe umdla kuye kwezwi lyrics. iingoma ngaphezulu kwama-180 kunye iibhaladi yabhalwa ngu Alexander Alyabyev. Umqambi kabani biography kuba akazange ngathi oku kubandakanya umsebenzi nzima engcungcutheka yengqondo hellish. Wabhala iingoma, kusenjalo hit, ezifana i "Nightingale" kwi imibongo Delvig okanye "UMUGQIBI" kwi Beranger umbongo. Alexander Pushkin, kuboniswe lo mfanekiso ungezantsi, waba yimbangi yemibongo ngaphezu amabini iingoma best Alyabiev.

indalo

Zothando Alexander Alyabyev babhala phezu Kwiivesi kwiimbongi intle engemveleli wakhe na ayithandayo Davydov, Zhukovsky, Vyazemsky, Kozlov, Koltsov, Lermontov. iingoma engamashumi amabini anesibini abhalwe vesi Aleksandra Pushkina, anashumi kubo - ubomi nkqu imbongi yakhe. Ekupheleni ubomi bakhe ngaphezu nayiphi na imibongo eziphefumlelweyo Ogarev.

I wabhala Alyabyev kunye eninzi umculo Symphonic kunye negumbi zomculo: Symphony e E minor lihle kakhulu, Overture Intlungu e F Minor, yokwenza ikonsathi eziliqela, iikonsathi ezininzi izixhobo solo ezahlukeneyo okhestra, abandwendweli umdaniso. De kube ngoku, abantu abaninzi ensembles egumbini Alyabiev bafunda kwizikolo umculo kunye conservatories, kwakunye isandi ukusebenza ekonsathini. Xa lo mfanekiso ungezantsi ubonisa abantu xesha umdla Alyabiev - Decembrist Alexander Bestuzhev-Marly, umbhali yenoveli apho umculo opera Alyabiev akuhlala phantsi, neengoma kwi mibongo Bestuzhev-Marly, wabhala naye.

Ithiyetha, iintsomi, umculo ongcwele

Ilifa Alyabiev Theatre - ukubonakaliswa womculo omkhulu kuzo zonke ezaziwayo ngexesha ngeentlobo: yeyona opera, kunye ibhaleyi, kwaye ngaphezu kwama amabini zikwenza kubonakale ngathi zomculo, ezo kakhulu ezahlukene ukusuka opera, kukho cantata, yaye umculo ngenxa nemidlalo ye zemiboniso yeqonga, yaye phakathi kwabo - kunye comedy kunye nentlekele, nedrama. Yi le Moscow iphambili Pushkin kaThixo "sikamamlambo" ku kaShakespeare "I Ngamandla" yaye "Abafazi Merry of Windsor" kwakhona umculo ebhalwe umqambi Alyabyev.

Amalungiselelo, wahlela, yaqulunqwa yaze yapapashwa inani elininzi iingoma zizixhamlele ehlanganiswe - Russian, Ukrainian, Tatar, Central Asia, abaseAfrika. Ngaphezu kwekhulu imisebenzi isiqulatho ngokomoya weza evela usiba lwayo, phakathi kwabo - ngentloko imfundiso odumileyo.

zamagugu Kwangaphambili

Njengoko Ngokufuthi akwenzeki kunye intle Amagcisa ezingenalo ixesha lokuba nenxaxheba kumsebenzi mva, okanye ngubani bona ngokwabo ngokuthozama kwabayili "netlenki" Alyabiev lemveli zibethwa ugcinwe. Imisebenzi 450 (oku oyintsobi ballpark), uninzi - ukanti ngqangi, leyo kule nkulungwane idluleyo, owenkawu ezilahlekileyo nje. Uninzi imisebenzi yakhe ziye zapapashwa, kodwa ngandlel 'kakubi ulibele. Kwaye ke umculo kakhulu kwaye ungazenza nomqambi nodumo Kubala, kwaye wenza hits efanayo, ezifana ne "I Nightingale" kwi Delvig umbongo.

Njengokuba ezininzi amahlanu eminyaka emva kokufa umqambi kunye nomsebenzi wakhe, kwincwadi engobomi bakhe ethi ayikhange na ucalucalulo kakhulu. Kodwa bobabini iinkalo ezininzi kangaka! Zingaphi bokuqonda emangalisayo kunye ezinjalo ezinqwenelekayo kunokwenzeka akusekho abuyele eluthulini ngamaxesha! Kude 1825 igama yoshicilelo Alyabiev phantse ayizange iphele, kodwa emva - kuphela inqabile; ngokutsha ngokoqobo enye yeengoma. Buyayigqwetha engobomi bakhe ethi, ezele data ezitenxileyo okanye engaphelelanga, ngoko ke inzala phantse ezilahlekileyo igama elihle kunye nomsebenzi omkhulu umqambi kunye nani zomculo.

Ukuphikelela nezimiso

Nkqu ngamanga kunzima akazange aphule umphefumlo umdali. Ngapha koko, umnqweno ofanayo inkululeko, nezizathu ubulolo, uvelwano kunye nokubandezeleka, elangazelela ubulungisa, oko kukuthi, i-efanayo imifanekiso uphawu ingqondo yemveli, sinako ukubona kule yokugqibela lamathuba zakhe.

Alexander Alyabyev Umqambi njengoko italente njengoko abonwabanga, ndafumana intuthuzelo ethile kwintlanganiso kunye umfazi phambi, lowo enxibe elikhulu igama lobuntombi Rimsky-Korsakov. Emva koko enye yeengoma best alyabevskoy Pushkiniana yabhalwa - "Mna ke ndikuthandile." Lo mfazi, Nina Ofrosimova xa ongumhlolokazi, waba ngumfazi umqambi.

UNikolay Ogarov Bestuzhev-Marly

Alyabyev umqambi ne mbongi Ogarev waba kufutshane kakhulu novalo zenkulungwane lokugqibela. Alyabiev iingoma engcono - "yabahamba", "Tavern", "unogada Ilali" - zadalwa imihobe Ogarev. Kudala phambi kokuvela ubuphanda Dargomyzhsky Mussorgsky ukuthandana zehlabathi niphuphuma iinto umxholo ukungalingani kwezentlalo. I imbongi umqambi, ziyafana: ekubanjweni kwaye ekuthinjweni, ubuncinane. Nangona Alyabyev wanyamezela esingenabulungisa yonke kwaye ngokungathi ngengozi, kunye Ogarev waba ngcungela azinikele kunye konstitutsionistom, kuba athe atshutshiswe ngumthetho. Ogarev and Herzen, "intsimbi", eNgilani - wonke umntu uyazi kwaye uyazikhumbula.

Opera emithathu yokugqibela Alyabiev kwakhona nomsindo mood eqhelekileyo abaziinjubaqa, ukuba uShakespeare "I Ngamandla" yaye "Edwin Oscar" kwimibhalo yamandulo yamandulo koltskih. Kodwa ifanelwe ilizwi opera ekhethekileyo "Ammalat Bey" kwi inoveli ngu Alexander Bestuzhev-Marly nokuthandana kwimibongo yakhe "eCaucasus bathontelana amafu." Yena wabulawa eCaucasus ngo-1837-m, yaye le ilahleko phantse wambetha Alyabiev: ukuba sele wabulala ezintathu neembongi zakhe azithandayo. Kodwa - Alexander Pushkin, Griboyedov, Bestuzhev-Marly. umoya Decembrist noEva ukuba iyemka kwimisebenzi umqambi yakhe.

imemori Buyisela

Qala ukubulawa imisebenzi ngaphambili ezichanileyo Aleksandra Alyabeva kuqhutyelwa entwasahlobo ka-1947. Emva koko ke ikonsathi ihlelwa le Moscow Philharmonic, eyayinesihloko ngaphezu kwekhulu leminyaka sobomi "nguqu for Violin and Orchestra" epheleleyo, "yeSithathu String abacula" kunye yokwenza ezimbini okhestra. Impumelelo yayimangalisa! Promotion of umqambi kwigumbi lomculo obandakanyeka iimvumi ezifana enkulu Gilels, Oistrakh, kunye namaqela - ogama Sveshnikov Choir, State uBeethoven abacula.

Ukususela ngo-1949, imisebenzi epapashwe zange ishicilelwe Alyabiev, ngokungalindelekanga ityhila ezibukweni kwincwadi engobomi bakhe. Ukuqondwa ngendima enkulu edlalwa kwimbali zobugcisa zomculo Russian. Eyona nto inomdla kakhulu kukuba zokugcina ezahlukeneyo kuqhubeka ukuba bafumane imisebenzi yakhe ayaziwa. Njengoko uhambo yaqhubeka zayo ezinde kunye esimi olubanzi zabo, ukuze kwenzeke kunye ezifunyaniswe ngaphezulu isicwangciso eso.