Alexander 1 Board

Eliwaka Alexander 1 waba phezu kwiminyaka sibi ukuba lonke amaphulo zomkhosi Europe uNapoleon kaThixo. "Alexander" liguqulelwe ngokuthi "winner", yaye ke ukumkani bugwetyelwe ngokupheleleyo igama layo yamabhongo wanikela uninakhulu awasinxitywa uCatherine II.

Kwiinyanga nje ezimbalwa, kude ekukhanyeni elizayo koMlawuli Alexander eSt Petersburg ukuba umkhukula kakhulu kwintlekele lwe ngenkulungwane ye-18. Amanzi Wavuka ngasentla eziimitha ezintathu. unina Alexander, umfazi loMlawuli Paul Petrovich waba babesaba kakhulu yena abamoyikayo zizalwa njengokuzalwa, kodwa ayikho into eyenzekayo. 1 Alexander ngokwakhe wakubona oku unogumbe ka-1777 uphawu awandibabala kuye phambi kokuzalwa.

Imfundo ye indlalifa kulonwabo inxaxheba kunyokokhulu yakhe, uCatherine II. Elanda eyakho tutors bakhe umzukulwana oyintanda, wabhala imiyalelo ezizodwa nangayiphi na indlela eziyimfuneko ukuqhuba imfundo noqeqesho. uyise Alexander kaThixo, uMlawuli uPawulos 1, nabo bafuna ukukhulisa unyana wakhe phezu imithetho yakhe engqongqo kwaye afuna ukuthobela engqongqo. Le inkcaso kayise noninakhulu washiya eba negalelo kwi umlinganiswa i-Alexander oselula. Wayesoloko kwi ilahleko - nabani na ukuze lowo ukuphulaphula, ukuba baziphathe njani. Le meko wafundisa umlawuli elizayo ngabodwa izinto ziyimfihlo.

Nendawo enyukayo ngasendlwini itrone Alexander 1, ngenxa iziganeko ezibuhlungu apha komkhulu. Uyise, uPawulos 1, wakrwitshwa kwi yelenqe, apho Alexander wayenolwazi. Noko ke, iindaba kokufa kukayise Alexander weza phantse ukuba waphela. Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa kamva, akaba nako ubuyele ebomini yaye wathobela lonke nabavukeli. Eliwaka Alexander 1 yaqala ngo-1801, xa ndandineminyaka eli-24 ubudala. Bonke ubomi bakhe umlawuli uya kubandezeleka ukuzisola kwaye zonke iingxaki zobomi ukubona isohlwayo ukuze wazi ngalo lokubulala uPawulos 1.

Ukuqala kobukumkani Alexander 1 ephawulwe ukupheliswa imithetho emidala kwaye nemithetho ebiqaliswe ngelo xesha, uPawulos. Zonke izidwangube ezazibuyiswe amalungelo kudana kunye nezihloko. Ababingeleli bakhululwa ukohlwaywa ngokubethwa, Ofisi Imfihlelo kunye kwiphulo Secret zavalwa, Sabuyela ukuziphatha unyulo lwabameli yezikhulu.

Alexander 1 nokuba abayinyamekelayo ukususwa kwemibandela iimpahla ezenziwayo phantsi uPawulos 1. Amajoni isiqabu waphakamisa iiwigi emhlophe braids kunye nezikhundla yoluntu kwakhona ukuba banxibe iibhatyi, beneengubo kunye iminqwazi ngeenxa zonke.

Ngokuthe ngcembe lo mlawuli iyelenqe wathumela kude kwibhotwe: abathile eSiberia, ezinye eCaucasus.

Eliwaka Alexander 1 lwaqalisa zwi-silinene iinguqu, iidrafti ye eyathi yaqulunqa uKhesare yena nabahlobo bakhe abaselula: Prince Kochubei Novosiltsev Count, Count Stroganov. "IKomiti loKhuseleko loLuntu," bathi ngokuba imisebenzi yabo. Kwabemi kunye nabathengisi babevunyelwa ukuba ukufumana umhlaba eyintlango, wavula Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum, zedyunivesithi Kwasekwa kwizixeko ezahlukahlukeneyo eRashiya.

umncedisi Alexander osenyongweni ukususela 1808 uba State uNobhala Speransky, naye lweli iinguqulelo esebenzayo. Kulo nyaka mnye * uKhesare onyulwe nguMphathiswa of War AA Arakcheev, ukuba uTimoti owayesakuba uPawulos 1. Wayekholelwa ukuba Arakcheev "ukunyaniseka ngaphandle yakucengacenga", ngoko simthembe ukunika imiyalelo kangangokuba wanikela ngaphambili.

Eliwaka Alexander 1 nangoku akubanga ngolona loHlaziyo, ngoko nkqu kule projekthi iinguqu Speransky karhulumente ziye zaphunyezwa kuphela izinto ezininzi "ekhuselekileyo". ukuzingisa Special bomsebenzi umlawuli akazange abonise.

Kumgaqo angaphandle, umfanekiso efanayo. IRussia yasayina ngqo zezivumelwano uxolo iBritani kunye neFransi, ukuzama ukwenza izinto zenzeke phakathi kwamazwe amabini. Noko ke, ngo-1805, Alexander 1 kwanyanzeleka ukuba bazibandakanye ekulweni nxamnye eFransi, njengoko kwaba isiqalo usongo oluthile ekukhotyokisweni uNapoleon lonke Europe. Ngaloo nyaka, imikhosi eManyeneyo (Austria, eRashiya kunye Prussia) lahluleka elihlazo kwi Austerlitz kunye Friedland, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni ukusayinwa Uxolo Tilsit kunye uNapoleon.

Kodwa eli ihlabathi ethe-ethe kakhulu, yaye ngaphambi Russia kulindeleke imfazwe ka 1812, umonakalo umlilo eMoscow idabi kunawo incopho Borodino. The French Phum Russia, kunye nomkhosi Russian ngoloyiso agcinwe kumazwe aseYurophu Paris. Alexander 1 wabumisela ukuze abe umkhululi ukukhokela ingqokelela kumazwe aseYurophu nxamnye eFransi.

Bade of Lodumo Alexander waba kokungena kwakhe kunye nomkhosi yanqoba Paris. Abahlali balapha, qinisekisa ukuba umzi wabo akayi kutshiswa ngehlombe kunye ude ugcobe kubulisa amajoni Russian. Ngoko ke, ebukumkanini buka-Alexander 1, abantu abaninzi iyihlanganise kunye uloyiso sibi phezu kukaNapoleon kwimfazwe ka 1812.

Ekubeni awaqhubana ngayo Bonaparte, umlawuli ukuzidambisa iinguqu zobunene kwilizwe lakhe. Speransky yasuswa zonke izithuba kuthunyelwa ekuthinjweni Nizhny Novgorod. Benani kwakhona ukuba ngokuqgibeleleyo elubhacweni ngamakhoboka eSiberia ngaphandle kwetyala. Zedyunivesithi ziye zaziswa ukunciphisa ukuzimela kwabo.

Ngelo xesha, yaye eSt Petersburg, kunye eMoscow waqalisa ukuphuhlisa ngokubonakalayo umbutho yonqulo-eyimfihlakalo. namagumbi Masonic, leyo nathintelwayo ngokomthetho uCatherine II, weza ebomini kwakhona. Eliwaka Alexander 1 iye ingene umlembelele conservatism kunye nobugqi.

KoSihlalo Sinodi yase St. Petersburg wanika amalungu uMphathi kunye Sinodi oqeshwe yi umlawuli ngokwakhe. Ngokusemthethweni balandela Sinodi ukusebenza umtshutshisi oyintloko, omnye Alexander 1, Prince Golitsyn. Ngowe-1817 yena iphethwe iSebe leMicimbi Religious, eyasekwa ngengqibo yomlawuli. Livumba uluntu ngcembe yazaliswa zonke nobugqi enkulu kunye nokuphakanyiswa zonqulo. Ezininzi nemimoya, Bible Society, ndlu ibandla umkhuba wasemzini baye benza umoya qhekeko nokuphosa ingxaki enkulu iziseko Faith Orthodox.

Ngoko ke, i iCawa wathi imfazwe nobugqi. Wabakhokela intshukumo indela uPhotius. Yena ngokusondeleyo kulandele intlanganiso eyimfihlakalo, ukuba iincwadi avelise iingxelo ezayo oko kuphuma kwindawo yazo. Wamtsha bhisayo esidlangalaleni neengcibi zeendonga, wayitshisa kokupapashwa kwayo. UMphathiswa of War Arakcheyev inkxaso abefundisi Orthodox kulo mlo, ngoko a xi iyonke Golitsyn kwafuneka ukuba ukurhoxa. Kodwa ntlokoma nobugqi zigxile ixesha elide bazenzela waziva phakathi amaGrike akumgangatho ophezulu Russian.

I-Alexander efanayo kakhulu-1 kwi-20 kwinkulungwane ye-19 ngokuya waqalisa ukutyelela yoonongendi yaye wathetha kumnqweno wakhe asuke. Naziphi ukuthiywa amayelenqe kunye nemibutho ucweyo musa akazukuyibamba kwakhona. Zonke iziganeko ebona njengoko sisohlwayo ukufa kayise, nangenxa imicimbi yakhe ukukrexeza. Ufuna umhlala nikela ubomi elizayo yokucamagushela.

Board Alexander 1zavershilos ngo-1825 - ngokuvumelana namaxwebhu wafa baseTaganrog, apho Ewatyhutyhile nomfazi wakhe ukunyanga. UMlawuli wafudukela eSt Petersburg etyeyeni evaliweyo. Okuzibonela bathi ubuso itshintshe kakhulu. Ngokutsho amarhe, ngexesha elifanayo baseTaganrog, wafa yekhuriya, efana kakhulu ukubonakala Alexander. De kube ngoku, abantu abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba uMlawuli wasebenzisa esi sihlandlo ukuze ushiye itrone kwaye saphambuka. Njengalo okanye hayi - izibakala zembali kule ngongoma.

Iziphumo wobukumkani Alexander 1 zinokushwankathelwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: kuba umthetho kakhulu azingqinelani, eyaqala iinguqu zobunene indawo yi conservatism ngqwabalala. Kwangaxeshanye, Alexander 1 ngonaphakade wangena imbali njengoko umkhululi Russia kunye lonke elaseYurophu. Yena wayesoyikwa yaye bedumisa, bayinqule nangokumdumisa, kodwa isazela ubuya akamvumela ukuba ukuphumla ngonaphakade.