Alalia yintoni? UAlalya: umsebenzi wokulungiswa kwezilungiso

Alalia - kukungabikho epheleleyo yokuthetha okanye umba wokungaphuhliswa yayo abantwana ezindlebeni yesiqhelo kunye zobuntlola. Esi sifo sisiphumo umonakalo intetho zobuchopho ngethuba lokubeleka. Kwakhona kuthi ngenxa izifo luvo okanye kakhulu ukhakhayi umothuko ofunyenwe umntwana nokuba kwixesha yangaphambi kwintetha ubomi. Ekuqaleni wabiza alalia sluhonemotoy kunye azifumananga kunyangwa.

Alalia is ezingafani - ukusuka olunzima kakhulu xa umntwana akathethi iminyaka eli-12, ukuya ukukhanya, sifunda ngakumbi ngokukhethekileyo umba wokungaphuhliswa jikelele zentetho.

Alalia - isifo yanxulunyaniswa nomonakalo ubuchopho, nto leyo ebonakaliswa beswele komntwana ubuchule ukuthetha. Kubalulekile ukwahlula ezi izigulane kwabo kunye neengxaki zokuva nengqondo - kunye yokudodobala kwengqondo. Abantwana alalia bakwazi ukuphendula izandi abone ulwazi. iqola ingqondo ukuze ukuphazamisa umntwana kuphela ngenxa nokuchithwa, ukungahoywa zemfundo, nakwenzeka ekufundeni ikharityhulam kunye nememori amahlwempu.

ngezigaba

Kukho iindidi ezimbini eziphambili ze alalia - ngokoluvo kunye motor. Zombini izifo iSADC ukulungiswa kunye ngendlela ehlanganisiweyo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, isigulo kwangethuba kunye nokuthotyelwa zonke izindululo abantwana bayakwazi ukufunda esikolweni eziziisekondari.

touch alalia

Le ngxaki ebalasele kophulwa ekuqaleni okuqonda yokuthetha ezindlebeni eqhelekileyo. Touch alalia kubonakala ngenxa izitshanguba iindawo nezenyama ebuchotsheni, ibekwe ikhweyitha lasekhohlo, ebizwa iziko Wernicke kaThixo.

Abantwana alalia sensory musa ukuqonda okanye ukuqonda iintsilelo zawo. Bona bayakwazi ukuphendula ngokwaneleyo iziganeko isandi ahluka ngemvelo ezahlukeneyo ingxolo (lenzwinini isandi waziva kunye t. D.). Xa intetho abantwana sensory alalia echolalia langoku - unthought olu phindaphindo oluzenzekelayo amazwi nomnye. Ngoko ke, kunokuba awuphendule lo mbuzo umntwana enjalo phinda umbuzo ngokwayo.

Khokela kwi alalia ukuchukumisa zicingeleka kophulwa umthetho ezindlebeni yezandi, esizibonakalisa shiyana. Oko kukuthi, kunokuba sokusilela ingundoqo ukwahlula izandi zentetho okanye imbono yabo ubunzima, wabonakaliswa ubunzima ukucalula efanayo isandi kodwa ezahlukeneyo amazwi upelo (umolokazana - umphanda umhlaza -lak).

Umntwana sensory alalia udluliselwe ebalulekileyo ngexesha bezifo: i ingcali yokuva ngeendlebe uvavanyo ukuva, a neuropsychiatrist kunye owayendifundisa ukuthetha.

Ukuziqhelisa, amatyala alalia oluvo - kakhulu ezinqabileyo, eqhelekileyo ngakumbi ngendlela elula kwesi sifo - motor.

Uhlobo lwesibini

Motor alalia - iseti iimpawu, zombini ilizwi kunye non-ilizwi, nto leyo ekhokelela ukufunyanwa lolwimi. Motor alalia kubantwana yenzeka izihlandlo ezimbalwa nje ayibulale. sina kangakanani le ngxaki?

Alalia. Uxilongo nentetho imiqondiso

Intetho Ukophulwa motor alalia sitsala onke amacandelo yayo: kwicala lungelelanisa kwaye zegrama phonetic kunye lwezandi. Kucingelwa ukuba le ngxaki yokuqala ibangelwa izitshanguba kwingingqi injini sobuKristu kwi neuron, kunye nezinye - yokophula nokusebenza kwezona ziseza ntsi iindawo indawo lwemoto le ngumonzakalo ikhweyitha elibalaseleyo, apho liziphose kuwo onke kwinwebu izihlunu kunye nemisipha ezivelayo xa iintshukumo kwiCandelo.

Umntwana kunye alalia kwaqhwalelisa ukuyilwa ukulungelelanisa amalungu omzimba na izixhobo intetho. Ezi ukuphazamiseka zahlukahlukene, ukusukela apraxia somlomo (ukukhubazeka), nesiphelo okanye usuke of ulandelelwano ukungathobeli. Kwakhona, kukho ukungakwazi ukwenza intshukumo ethile kwiCandelo.

Amaxesha amaninzi abantwana motor alalia ngenxa yokungabikho yesandi umbono capture kuphela izinto ezithile kwesivakalisi kwaye awukwazi Zinxibe libe phantsi kophahla eqhelekileyo esemantiki. Le ukuqonda kuphela isebenza wabona yesibini intetho lodlelo yakhe. Abantwana motor alalia idla ngokuba amagama ambalwa, kodwa isigama isixando ngexesha elifanayo voluminous kakhulu.

Le miba ilandelayo intetho ukuba anyhashwe xa alalia motor:

• iingxelo ukuqaphela o;
• processing ulwimi intetho;
• umbutho zesingqisho intetho - ukuya kwenza isimbonono.

Ngoku cinga yintoni na alalia mpawu motor. Isigama kubantwana kunye komgomo ezinjalo uvela kancinane kakhulu kwaye lisetyenziswa entetho engalunganga. Ngenxa yoko, stock ubuhlwempu izibonelelo lungelelanisa-lwesemantiki kuvela endaweni ngu ukufana okanye umahluko, umzekelo, kususa - yokuhlamba indebe ngezembe -stakan - ekhanda. Iqela izichazi nezihlomelo ezincinane.

Xa sikwinqanaba lokuqala lophuhliso yokuthetha loo mntwana akuyomfuneko ukuba athethe ngentetho ezidityanisiweyo, ebekelwe bucala umba wokungaphuhliswa zombini umsebenzi jikelele kunye nentetho. Ngoko ke, umntwana basoloko ukusebenzisa imbonakalo yobuso, izijekulo monosyllables xa usebenza nabantu abadala.

Iimpawu Non-ngomlomo yokugula

Abantwana motor alalia waphawula nokungaphuhliseki hayi intetho kuphela, kodwa eminye imisebenzi ngengqondo kunye motor. Ngokuqhelekileyo waphawula iimpawu luvo, iyahluka kwi ubukhali ekubonakalisweni amancinane nokuphazamiseka engqondweni ukuya kwizigulo kakhulu. Amaxesha amaninzi zikwaqaphele insufficiency buthathaka jikelele umzimba wenyama kunye somatic.

Abantwana alalia mafutha ngokuqhelekileyo angenzi, idlala discoordination, iintshukumo zabo kucotha okanye disinhibited. umsebenzi Motor kuyehla, isingqisho akwanelanga, obuluqilima lwesilinganiso static egxobhekile. Ingakumbi ubonakala iphula izakhono motor entle.

Abantwana motor alalia ngokuqhelekileyo ngokwaneleyo imisebenzi eziphezulu yengqondo (inkumbulo, ingqalelo, ukucinga, njl) Ngomhla inqanaba imbono ngokuzithandela Nakukubona.

Kwezinye iimeko, basenokuba neempawu zobuntu zophendlo lwezifo kunye nesimilo ukuyilwa uhlobo bangonwabi. Abantwana motor alalia ophawulwe bodwa, ukungakhuseleki, ukuba nochuku, inzondo kunye loluthando iinyembezi.

Kukho olunye uhlobo lwesifo - bebonke, okanye oxutyiweyo oluvo-motor alalia. Ngenxa ngobuwena loo aphazanyiswa kunye nemiba sensory kunye neyezihlunu yokuthetha. Ukuba umntwana wakho uye sensory-motor alalia, akakwazi ukuthetha. Ukongeza, isigulana akayiqondi intetho ingqwalasela kuye.

Yintoni iimpawu alalia ingxubevange? Esi sifo kunzima ukubona. Idla kwengqondo kunye neengxaki ezifana Autism, ukungase-, ngokwasengqondweni njalo njalo. N.

Ukusebenza nabantwana alalia iyonke liquka ukongeza iiseshini kunye isayikholojisti kunye unyango intetho therapist ejoliswe ekuphuculeni iisenti yokuthetha kwi neuron.

kuvela njani esi sifo?

Isizathu alalia - ubuchopho Esibelekweni okanye kunyaka wabo wokuqala bezelwe.

1. Kweli xesha siswini kobuchopho sinokuchaphazela usuleleko, hypoxia, insufficiency placental, embi imikhwa unina. Umonakalo ingqondo umntwana zenzeke ngexesha lokubeleka. Ezi ziquka hypoxia, ukuzalwa kwentlungu, emzimbeni.
2. Kunyaka wokuqala lomphefumlo umonakalo ingqondo umntwana mhlawumbi ngenxa igciwane lohlobo okanye ukwenzakala engqondweni izinto ezibuhlungu.

iimpawu

Alalia ogama uphethwe - yinkqubo engelula, ngamanye amaxesha phantse yinto enzima nezinye izifo. Kubalulekile ukuba kupheliswe ukungeva okanye ukukhubazeka engqondweni. Alalia xa umntwana umsebenzi kakuhle kwiinkalo ezithile ebuchotsheni. ngendima enkulu edlalwa ngokoyiswa izakhiwo ezimbini ubuchopho: ummandla Wernicke intetho kunye Wernicke, abo unoxanduva lokuqulunqa intetho yabo nokuqonda.

Iimpawu ze motor alalia

Phakathi iimpawu zezi:

• ukunqongophala kwezakhono self-uncedo;
• iphula traffic: abantwana musa ukutsiba ngomlenze omnye, awukwazi ukufumana ebhodini, ngokufuthi ekukhubekeni, abakwazi ukuba ukudanisa ngesingqi umculo;
• ichonge amanqanaba komgangatho kuphuhliso lolwimi kule kophulwa ngokuswela yayo epheleleyo ubuchule ukuthetha amabinzana ezisiwe;
• ngumntwana Awukwazi ukuchaza iimvakalelo zabo babuze into;
• waphawula ukuqonda intetho ejongene isigulana;
• kid liyakuqonda intsingiselo lungelelanisa welizwi, kodwa hayi ukuphela, izimaphambili, izalathandawo.

Iimpawu ze touch alalia

Iimpawu lolu hlobo lwesifo ingaqatshelwa nesenzeko kulandelayo:

• umntwana akabi ukuqonda intsingiselo yamagama weva;
• akukho ukuhlobana phakathi into ethile kunye noyilo ephilileyo;
• ubukho echolalia (phindo oluzenzekelayo amagama).

ukulungisa ingxaki

Cinga ngendlela yokwenza alalia ulungiso. Ekubeni kukho ingxaki yempilo, ngokwasengqondweni kwaye zokufundisa kufuna indlela ebanzi kuphuhliso ukusekwa yokuthetha kunye nophuhliso lomntu wonke. Intetho umsebenzi therapy kufuneka wenziwe ngokuchasene nentsukaphi unyango ngokwasengqondweni. Alalia - yinto disorder entsonkothileyo ukuba kunzima ukubona.

Ezona mpawu ziphambili zomsebenzi loluleko

• Le nkqubo ikakhulu ejoliswe ukuyilwa injongo, injongo yokunxibelelanisa, iingxelo yangaphakathi kule program.
• Kuqwalaselwe ihlawulwa izakhono motor entle: abantwana bafunde umbala, umthunzi, ukudlala amibala-bala, imitya amaqhina, njl ...
• Olusebenzayo uphuhliso yokuthetha abantwana alalia kukusetyenziswa isingqi logoritmiki. Kwezi zifundo umculo, intetho kunye nentshukumo adityaniswa ezahlukeneyo olulandelenayo kunye nemisebenzi ifomu nentetho-motor. Njengokuba uphuhliso kwinkumbulo nobuntu uphuhliso lwabantwana.
• Ukuvula lo mkhuba intetho yonxibelelwano ebalulekileyo kwinqanaba elinako ukuzihlawulela iSebe i umntwana: imisebenzi ngamazwi (kwakhona, bonisa, igama), amabinzana kunye nezinto binzana.
• Kubalulekile ke uphuhliso analyzers - ezibonwayo, eziviwayo kunye ephathekayo.
• Kufuneka kuphela basebenzise ifomu yokudlala lomsebenzi.
• Yiba Qiniseka ukusebenzisa izinto ezibonwayo: iisimboli ezahlukeneyo, izinto ukhuselo lokusingqongileyo, imifanekiso, izenzo kunye intetho, etc ...
• Igalelo kufuneka ibhekiswe inkqubo intetho jikelele, ukucacisa isigama, uphuhliso Isixando nentetho enye, ehleli izandi.

The main izigaba

1. Inxaxheba kwinqanaba lokuqala umsebenzi kuqeqesho lomsebenzi yokuthetha kunye nokugcwaliswa isigama passive, kulula ukuyiqonda.
2. Ngaphezu koko kwakhiwa intetho Phrase and interactive.
3. In inyathelo wesithathu ijolise kwimiba efana intetho enxulumene, izakhono zonxibelelwano, ukongeza, izakhiwo ezenzekelayo zegrama.

Xa inkqubo yokunqanda ingxaki basebenzise ngenkuthalo iintlobo nobuchule umsebenzi isichazi-magama. Ukhetho lokuqala - bendalo: ukubonisa izinto, imifanekiso, izenzo kunye neemeko. Okwesibini - ngomlomo: kungqinelwano yamagama amatsha sele waziwa ukufana ukuchasana.

Sebenzisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo lomsebenzi magama, eziquka ukhetho izinto amanyathelo, umzekelo, bonisa okanye bakuxelele ukuba ngubani iimpukane, ihamba, igaqa. iindlela Enye into enjalo: nokuthiywa ngalo amalungu ngamnye yonke, umz, ivili, kwevili isibane; Ukukhethwa kwamagama olunye-ingcambu, izithethantonye, izichasi; sithandabuze lezinto ngokungqinelana nenkcazelo; ukuguqulwa amagama isinciphiso, njalo njalo. d. Kwakhona, ngaxeshanye kunye ekugqityweni magama imixholo eziqhelekileyo (izilwanyana, izityalo, izinto zokudlala, imifuno, iziqhamo, usapho, njalo njalo. d.) ukuphuhlisa izakhono basebenzisa iintlobo ezithile zegrama amazwi (ngetyala, isinye nesininzi et al.).

Ukuba alalia umntwana, kufuneka umsebenzi okulungisa wenziwe nje? Ukufeza nezenzo izinto, abantwana kufuneka uzame kubo intetho nokucacisa, oko kukuthi ukuba ahambe yonke magama abonisa isenzo ugalele amanzi ugalele amanzi, ugalele amanzi ebhotileni, Bovuthela phezu kwamanzi, njl izigulane kweli nqanaba iqulunqwa isakhono ukuphendula imibuzo ukuzama .. emcela ukuba eze phezulu kunye nezindululo, qala indlela enye emva koko yereferensi, kunye nemifanekiso oluthi, qashi guess nokulungiselela iinkcazelo, ukuthelekisa iimpawu zezinto eziliqela, njalo njalo. d. ngeli xesha, wakhuthazwa iimpendulo ezahlukeneyo kunye eneenkcukacha Loo nto, igalelo uphendlo akhutheleyo uze ukhethe uhlobo olufanelekileyo zegrama amagama afanelekileyo, ekhuthaza umdla entetho njengendlela yonxibelelwano.

Ngokwendalo, umntwana ayichazi yi nayiphi imithetho, akuxelwa ulwazi negrama. inkqubo unyango lubandakanya kuphela ifom umdlalo Abandaziyo practical ngemizekelo rhoqo ngakumbi inflection kunye nelizwi Ukwakheka, isakhiwo sezivakalisi.

Inkqubo yonke isebenza kwezi ntlobo zegrama ngokusekelwe kulandelayo: kuqala, umntwana kufuneka baqaphele njengoko owayendifundisa ukuthetha kuhlela imodeli ethile, ngoko ifakwa kwinkqubo umsebenzi intetho imitative.

Ukuba umntwana lowo motor alalia, iiklasi zibanjwa zombini? Ukusetyenziswa engokoqobo abantwana kunye izakhiwo zegrama Alale ineempawu njengoko ukuyilwa onke amagama lwenziwa kuphela ngokususela kwiimo ezikhethekileyo zohlalutyo njini, nto leyo ebangela kokukhupha ananzi ngokungeyomfuneko gabalala.

Sihlale engqondweni ngumsebenzi ophambili kulo msebenzi, nto leyo equka ukuyilwa inkqubo yonxibelelwano kunye wemvula esebenzayo ukunxibelelana umntwana. Inyathelo elilandelayo kungathathwa utshintsho ngcembe ukusuka ingxoxo kunxibelelwano nabanye ukuya intetho omnye kuphuhliso lokukhuthazwa ku byela. Oku ngesiqhelo umntwana isixelela isiganeko okanye nokudlulisela ulwazi.

Lo Mqulu igalelo kuphuhliso ubume amagama namabinzana, yaye ngokufunda nokubhala kunye alalia esweni baby nokulungisa intetho yakhe. Imfundo yabantwana ixesha elide kukuthi, kwaye ifuna ukusetyenziswa iindlela ezizodwa kunye namacebo. abantwana abakhubazekileyo phantsi ingqalelo kwinkqubo ekufundeni ulwimi olubhaliweyo amaninzi kubonakala dyslexia lesibini kunye dysgraphia.

Le alalia umntwana? Treatment kwaye ukulungisa izinto abanazo? Enye ngoyena usetyenziswa rhoqo iindlela ukubatshabalalisa ingxaki kukuloleka kweendawo ezithile ulusu usebenzisa esezantsi-rhoqo pulses yangoku. Le ndawo zimele ezayo kwiindawo intetho ebuchotsheni. Ngenxa yoko, ukuba zisebenze yi ukukhuthazwa kwalapho. Le ndlela unyango akanayo phantsi kwisikhokelo olusekelwe kubungqina, ngoko ke uqeqesho sifo kuphela kunokwenzeka ngoncedo ukungabikho legalelo unyango, ngoko, ukusetyenziswa kweendawo zokuthetha iindlela neurostimulation akasoloko ugwetyelwe.

iindlela ezongezelelweyo

Ukuba alalia nomonde, iiseshoni nomntu owayendifundisa ukuthetha kubalulekile kakhulu. Kufuneka rhoqo. massage Logopaedic kusetyenziswa ngokubonakalayo ngenxa ezifana yokukhuluma njenge alalia. Unyango ijolise ukukhuthazwa izihlunu abandakanyeka ekubunjweni izandi. Ukuze wenze oku, yisa yokuthanjiswa ngeminwe yakho okanye ixhokonxa ezizodwa unyango kwintetho.

Ukuyifundisa lisetyenziswa abantwana alalia. Phakathi iindlela eziphambili - laser-, amanzi, unyango ngemagnethi imithi.

isiphelo

Intetho alalia kufuna unyango kakhulu ixesha elide kunye indlela edibeneyo. Amaninzi therapy lwenzeka eziguqulweyo ezizodwa kunye nezikolo ekukhonzeni abantwana nokuphazamiseka yokuthetha. Neziphumo unyango kunokwenzeka ukuba sishintshe abantwana esikolweni samabanga aphakamileyo.

Kwezinye iimeko, ukususwa nokulungiswa alalia umntwana kuthatha iminyaka embalwa, kwaye ke ifuna iiseshoni rhoqo owayendifundisa ukuthetha ukugcina isiphumo. Kwanasemva kokuba umsebenzi onempumelelo zonyango kakhulu abantwana kufuneka umthambo rhoqo ukuphelisa dysgraphia kunye dyslexia. Umntwana alalia kufuneka uncedo engqondweni kunye nenkxaso. Kunzima ukwenza abahlobo abatsha kwaye uzive okulungileyo kwiqela. Abanye abantwana bafumana stress rhoqo xa unxibelelana kunye noontanga babo, nto leyo enokukhokelela ekubeni ndlongo, luvo breakdowns. Ngoko ke, umntwana alalia kufuneka uncedo ukuze soyise uloyiko yonxibelelwano, yodwa.