6 edamini liphezulu ehlabathini

Umntu uye wazama ukukhusela ukusuka lweziqalelo, kwaye kunye ngokuvela impucuko, uluntu igqibe kuwoyisa amandla endalo kwaye usebenzise ngayo iinjongo zabo. Namhlanje siza kujolisa kwizityalo zibalaseleyo ugesi ngamanzi, ukubaluleka kwayo enokuthelekiseka kunye ukubaluleka karhulumente. Siza kufumanisa ukuba yintoni na idama liphezulu ehlabathini. Apha ngezantsi kunikwe amadama kakhulu omkhulu kwihlabathi top-6.

ndiyimisele - Jinping HPP-1 in China

Namhlanje ke unina mde ehlabathini, wadalwa ngezandla zabantu. ukuphakama kwayo egqitha 305 m, nobude -. 568 m Jinping HPP-1 wavalelwa ukusebenza ngo-2014 kwaye nangoko yeyela "Guinness Book of Records," ngenxa yobukhulu bayo. Ukwakhiwa kwedama yaqala ngo-2005, yaye emva kweminyaka esi-7 motor yokuqala hydraulic kwisikhululo ngoMay. 2015 yaziswa yokugqibela, iyunithi wesithandathu. Yintoni eyahlula isilinda hydraulic kwi mveliso Chinese ukusuka ezinye izityalo enamandla ehlabathini, ngoko ke units ngamandla. Ukuba iiyunithi amandla ngoku lusebenzise nomthamo ths 300. KWh, ngoko ke malunga 600 thous. Township. Kwakhona enye idama inamandla ehlabathini. Edamini ise Sichuan kufuphi emlonyeni Yalong River.

indawo II - i Nurek mveliso yezityalo Tajikistan

uyilo kwidama yasungulwa ngo-1950, yaye kwiminyaka kuphela emva 11 yaqalwa ekwakhiweni kwayo. Oko kwaphela ngo-1972, lo nyaka kwaye wenziwa lokugunyazisa yayo ngcembe: iyunithi ibloko yokuqala laphehlelelwa nyaka, nabokugqibela - emva kweminyaka-7. Ngoko ke, ngo-1979, mashishini iye yasebenza lisebenze kangangoko, ngokubonelela ukuya kwi 75% iindleko zamandla. Ngomnyaka evelisa umbane kwesi isikhululo samandla ngamanzi zomyalelo 11 billion kW / h. Amanzi kwizityalo ngamanzi asingabo kuphela Ingasetyenziswa ukwenza umbane, kodwa ukuba zithunyelwe imigudu eligangathiweyo ukwenzela ukunkcenkceshela lomhlaba wezolimo.

De 2013 kwaba unina emide ehlabathini, oko ufikelela umphakamo we-300 m ubude - 70 km. Lugcina umthamo wamanzi kwi-10 ^km-3, 98 km ^2, 9 generator ezinamandla. Imi edamini kwi Vakhsh River kufutshane nedolophu Nurek.

indawo III - mashishini Syaovan e China

Le kwinqugwala kwidama liphezulu ehlabathini, ukuya kubude 292 m. Lo ime kwi Mekong River. E China, 7 HPS, kodwa oku yeyona inkulu phakathi kwabo. Kwimigangatho zokwakha, idama yakhiwa ngokukhawuleza kakhulu: ulwakhiwo zokwakha yaqala ngo-2002, yaye emva kweminyaka 7 ubeke ukusebenza injini yokuqala ngoMatshi 2010 yagqitywa ukwakhiwa. Ngo-2013, yena esigunyaziswe injini yokugqibela. Edamini kufakwa iiyunithi ezintandathu enamandla hydraulic. Ixabiso avareji kagesi 19 billion kWh / h.

edamini enhle yayakhelwe kuqwalaselwa ukuxhathisa intlokoma wenyikima 8 kwisikali iRichter, isiphathele umaleko 'ubukhulu' yenkangeleko, ukusuka apho kwakhiwa. Isakhiwo komhlaba for HPP uye ubungakanani emikhulu - malunga 300 m ubude.

indawo IV - Grand Diksens e Switzerland

Le isityalo liphezulu aphehla amandla eYurophu neyesithathu ehlabathini ubukhulu. Imi edamini phezu Diksens komlambo, emva kokuba kuye got igama layo. isakhiwo eziphathekayo ufikelela umphakamo-285 m, ubude - 695 m, ububanzi -. m 200 The dama ubamba umthamo wamanzi 0.4 km ³ kunye netonela ukunxibelelana edikeni, ukuya kutsho kwi-100 km.

Ukwakhiwa kwedama kwenzeka kwixesha ukususela ngowe-1951 ukuya 1965. Grand Diksens ifumana meltwater evela zomkhenkce valezianskih ngaphezulu kwama-30 - oku ngokwenene isakhiwo enamandla. Edamini wadala iinkqubo excursion abakhenkethi, apho zigcinwa ukunyuka intaba kunye entabeni iindlela.

indawo V - HPP Inguri e Georgia

Enguri HPP - idama abaseAfrika, ibekwe kwi umthombo emlanjeni Enguri kunye Eristskali, kufutshane nedolophu Jvari. Le yenye kumadama aphezulu aphehla ehlabathini, ukuya kubude 272 m and 278 m ubude. Ukuba isibalo ezithengisa 7 zicwangciswe ecaleni ububanzi of 6 m yamanzi yokumpompoza bengasebenzi. Isakhiwo izityalo amandla ebekwe Motors hydraulic 5, ukuvelisa unyaka malunga 4.4 billion kWh / h umbane.

Ngenxa yokuba isikhululo samandla ngamanzi Inguri ubunjwe lenguqu izityalo amandla ngamanzi, eziphumela ukuya emlanjeni Eristskali yimpahla Abkhazia, kufuneka kubekho intsebenziswano phakathi kwamazwe amabini. Ngaloo ndlela Ingur gidroenergokompleks iquka izibonelelo mashishini Georgian (a ichibi edamini nomlinganiso kwetonela) kunye kwiAbkhaz yinxalenye Itonela kunye nezakhiwo HPP. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ngo-1992 phakathi kwamazwe amabini lafikelela kwisivumelwano malunga nolwabiwo amandla ombane ukuya mazwe (60% e Georgia ne-40% ye Abkhazia).

indawo VI - Vajont Dam e Italy

It has enye kumadama iphezulu ehlabathini, wakha kwinxalenye esemantla eItali, Vajont umlambo. Ukuphakama izakhiwo butho 261,6 m, kwaye ubude - 190 m e nedama lo isakhiwo akhethekileyo, yahlukile kwezinye :. etsobhileyo, tapering ezantsi luqhubeke phezulu. Ngelo emazantsi ifikelela ububanzi-23 m, kanti Ububanzi Ridge ngaphantsi -. Kuphela 4 m Kwakhona i "ubuhle" kwidama kakhulu ehlabathini.

iminyaka 10.09.1963 kwi nedama Italian kukho ingozi eyoyikekayo, yabulala, ngokutsho kwezinye imithombo, ebantwini-2 000 ukuya-3 000. Ngenxa yeemvula nokusingelwa enzima ngaloo mini kwabakho elunxwemeni ukudilika Vajont umlambo 2 km ² ndawo, yaye iliwa ngokoqobo esingumkhukula indebe ndawo. isigaba ukuphakama Water-90 m hit zonke eentaba ngesantya ka 8-12 m / s. Elements wathabatha 7 kuphela imizuzu ixesha lokwenza ubomi amawaka abantu wayitshabalalisa izakhiwo kweshumi eziliqela.

Namhlanje, njengoko ngomhla kuvulwa ngo-1959, i-Italian idama Vajont ikhangeleka nje kwaphela, ngaphandle nabani na onomkhondo iziganeko ezimbi isiqingatha senkulungwane eyadlulayo.

Ngowe-2001 kwafika movie eponymous ngesi siganeko, yaye abalandeli ezininzi movies batyelele le ndawo nje irhafu kunye nentlonipho kumaxhoba ngaloo mini yoyikekayo.