Zr: Imveliso eRashiya

Zirconium ngohlobo aphantsi i intsimbi emhlophe ubuhle, apho iimpawu iimpawu ezifana nokumelana kunye plasticity. Kwindalo, kube yinto eqhelekileyo, kodwa saa kakhulu. awo amakhulu nangoku abuyi kufunyanwa. Kuba okokuqala ubukho ubukho beli metal bantu bafunda e ka1789, ngoko ekhemesti M. Klaproth ngexesha ekufundweni izimbiwa Gold oxide ngempazamo yavula. Ngendlela ecocekileyo, olu amaphepha kuphela ngo-1925 zirconium Kwihlabathi mihla, nto leyo imveliso kwande, esetyenziswa-mveliso eyahlukeneyo. Kakade ke, abangene phakathi lokuvelisa kunye ezininzi zasekhaya amashishini.

incazelo jikelele

Iipropati okungaqhelekanga - kodwa oko ngokuyintloko kuxhomekeka kwixabiso industrial kwensimbi enjalo inqabile kakhulu ezifana zirconium. imveliso yawo luncedo kuqoqosho kuzwelonke:

1. ngezinga eliphezulu ukuxhathisa chemical. Zehydrochloric acid kwi intsimbi ongavelisi ngokupheleleyo akukho isiphumo, kwaye idityaniswe sulphuric kuphela xa eyavela ayikho ngaphantsi kwe-50% kunye lobushushu elibekwe ngaphezu kwama- 100.

2. Ukukwazi lokutshisa emoyeni phantse akukho umsi okanye umphunga. Ngokuzenzekelayo kwanokubuyisela zirconium (of entle kakhulu) ukuze ibe amaqondo obushushu 250 C.

3. inertness biological. Zirconium engafanelekanga yingozi kwi yabantu okanye izilwanyana. Iinzuzo, echasene inkolelo ethandwayo, oko kukuthi, ngelishwa, kwakhona akukho alikwazi.

zithandwa kakhulu le industry kuphela intsimbi, kodwa uqhagamshelo yayo. Mineral Gold, umzekelo, kukho lukhuni eliphezulu kakhulu kwaye ayenechaphothi elithozamisayo adamantine. Ngoko ke, ngamanye amaxesha isetyenziswe njengento ethatha indawo olutshiphu diamond. Noko ke, kwiminyaka yakutshanje xa izacholo Gold kusetyenziswa ngaphantsi yaye ngaphantsi. Okwangoku kakhulu eyenziwe iidayimani ezenziwe zirconia cc (zirconium dioxide, lokwenziwa).

apho kusetyenziswa

imveliso ukuya kumhla zirconium - enye miba ibalulekileyo kushishino ngentsimbi ye. Nangona lisetyenziswa kwiindawo ezininzi kuqoqosho (umzekelo, kuba nokuveliswa kwezixhobo zonyango okanye izixhobo pyrotechnic), kakhulu isetyenziswa zonke okufanayo kwi zamandla namandla amanzi-zipholile kwizityalo zamandla enyukliya.

okubonakalayo wemveliso

iqhekeza Mass of zirconium ngayo kuqweqwe lomhlaba ngenxa wakhe ongekhoyo kwentliziyo, ngelishwa, akakafiki isekiwe. Izazinzulu ziqikelela ukuba kusenokuba 170-250 grams ngetoni nganye. Eneneni ke izimbiwa Gold ngokwabo kwindalo, zininzi. Okwangoku, oosonzululwazi uyazi ngeentlobo-40. Nakuba kunjalo, ngokuqhelekileyo esetyenziswayo kunjalo nje oku kulandelayo ngumqolo ezibonakalayo ukuze kwimveliso zirconium:

• baddeleyite;

• eudialite;

• Gold.

imali enkulu of Gold ehlabathini, njengoko kuchaziwe, ayikho. ERashiya, kukho nje ezimbalwa iidipozithi ezincinane ezifana. nabo ke geni kumazwe afana ne-USA, India, Brazil ne Australia. Yeyona ixhaphakileyo zonke izimbiwa ezisetyenziselwa ukulungiselela zirconium, kakade, Gold (ZrSiO4). Kwiimeko ezininzi, oko kukhatshwa nohlobo ചിഹ്നം uphawu.

imveliso zirconium ku Russia: features

ERashiya, ukukhululwa olu ijongene kwenye inkampani single - Chepetsk Mechanical Plant, ibekwe Glazov (Udmurtia). ivenkile yakhe yokuqala yakhiwa ekuqaleni yeSibini kwiMfazwe yeHlabathi. Ngo-1942, esi sityalo bafikelela ngokupheleleyo. Nangona apha uvelisa ikakhulu nemoto. Ngowe-1946 le nkampani kwaguquka ukuvelisa mveliso uranium metal. Kamva (ngo-1957) waqalisa apho ukuvelisa zirconium; kwandule ke lokwakhiwa izinyithi, calcium titanium. Namhlanje, isityalo ziyinxalenye TVEL Corporation, inkokeli ehlabathini ekuveliseni amafutha enyukliya. Utyalo-mali yemveliso zirconium kwi-CMP ngu TVEL izigidi engange ngonyaka. Namhlanje, ezo mpahla isityalo ukuya iimarike zasekhaya kunye nehlabathi zirconium:

• nemivalo;

• nemivalo;

• imibhobho;

• wire;

• amaphepha;

• yeekhomponenti ukulungiselela iindibano amafutha nezinto zokubasa.

Kwakhona isityalo Chepetsky ngoomatshini eziveliswa kule metal zezikhumbozo.

Uqwalaselo nokulungisa izisombululo ekrwada asidi

Zirconium, ogama imveliso - yinkqubo engelula, intsimbi kubiza ngokufanelekileyo. Ukwenza iqala zokucoca kukhululwa iidipozithi, nsimbi. Iqhubekekisa raw materials ngokuqhelekileyo, iquka oku kulandelayo manyathelo:

• indlela ziqu omxhuzulane;

• mxube lokucoca wafumana ukwahlukana electrostatic kunye magnetic;

• siqala ingqondo chlorination fusion kunye sodium hayidroksayidi okanye potassium fluorosilicate, sintering zekalika;

• ukuhluzeka kuloko ngamanzi ukususa zakhi lesilicon;

• yokubola amasalela acid sulphuric okanye zehydrochloric ukwenza sulphate okanye oxychloride.

Spec fluorosilicate iphathwa ngamanzi izimuncu kunye ukufudumeza. Emva olupholisa isisombululo kweziphumo potassium fluorozirconate eyabelwe.

uxhulumaniso

Zirconium imveliso elilandelayo inyathelo kukufumana iikhompawundi yayo izisombululo acid. Ukulungiselela le njongo zingasetyenziswa kubuchwepheshe zilandelayo:

• crystallization of zirconium oxychloride ngumphunga izisombululo acid zehydrochloric;

• imvula hydrolytic of sulfates;

• crystallization of zirconium sulfate.

Ukususwa ചിഹ്നം uphawu

Zirconium, ubugcisa bemveliso eRashiya (njengoko, eneneni, kwenye indawo ehlabathini liphela) kakhulu nzima kule ukungcola kufuneka nakanjani zahlulwe. Kuba ucoco ചിഹ്നം uphawu metal zingasetyenziswa:

• crystallization fraction K2ZrF6;

• utsalo nazinkinga;

• uyakhetha zokunciphisa tetrachloride (HfCl4 kunye ZrCl4).

Njengoko metal ngokwayo walungisa

iindlela Production Zirconium zahlukile. Kushishino, intsimbi ukuze zingasetyenziswa:

• ibe ngumgubo okanye ngeviniga;

• compact oluthambileyo;

• ngezinga eliphezulu ntumbuluko.

Ngelo kwinqanaba lokuqala amashishini ukufumana kwamaqondo eparticulate zirconium. Ukuveliswa ubuchwepheshe walo elula kakhulu. Yenziwe ngu ekunciphiseni metallothermic. Kuba kloride ne sodium okanye wemagniziyam asetyenziswa, nangenxa oxide - calcium hydride. powder zirconium Electrolytic olulungiswe kloride metal kwealkali. izinto bayibhalayo kukholisa licinezelwe. Ngaphezu koko, isetyenziselwa electric arc yamaZiko ductile zirconium. Lokugqibela Inqanaba lokugqibela ufakwa Electron msebe yokunyibilikisa. Ngenxa yoko ntumbuluko zirconium eliphezulu. Oku kusetyenziswa kakhulu zamandla zenyukliya.

Zirconia: technology imveliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kweenkonzo

Le yenye ethandwa kwishishini kunye noqoqosho lwesizwe iikhompawundi zirconium. Endalweni kwenzeka njengoko baddeleyite bezimbiwa. It imele zirconia emhlophe crystalline umgubo kunye ngwevu okanye ithinti engenambala elityheli. Oko kuveliswa, umzekelo, ngokusebenzisa inkqubo ye nokusulungekiswa iodide. Ngelo xesha elinye izinto ekrwada ezisetyenziswa chips zirconium metal oluqhelekileyo. Esebenzayo ekwenziweni iiseramikhi zirconia (kubandakanywa entsimini zokwenziwa), izixhobo zokukhanyisa, kunye refractories, xa pechestroitelstve kunye t. D.

Oovimba Gold kwi Russian Federation

imveliso zirconium eRashiya kunokwenzeka, kakade, kuphela ngenxa yokuba ubukho nommandla wayo yesibambiso yayo. Ore igcina eli qela eRashiya (uthelekisa jikelele) mkhulu ngokwaneleyo. Okwangoku kukho 11 kumacandelo afana eRashiya. Lowo inkulu evakalala i Central, ibekwe kummandla Tambov. Amasimi ethembisayo ziquka Beshpagirskoe (aseStavropol Territory), Kirsanov (ummandla Tambov) kunye anayo (naseNovosibirsk). Kukholelwa ukuba loovimba ezikhoyo eRashiya zircons ngokwaneleyo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zecandelo lizwe. Isiza kakhulu ukusebenzisa ithekhinoloji ngoku idipozithi East Central.

izibalo

Ngenxa yoko, le nkqubo kulo naliphi na ilizwe, kuquka eRashiya, kubalulekile kakhulu - yemveliso zirconium. lemveliso iteknoloji sinzima, kodwa ukukhululwa wayo - oko kuyo nayiphi na imeko ngaphezu gwe. Okwangoku, zirconium na imiqulu ngesinyithi, imveliso kunye nokusetyenziswa enqabileyo kuphela apho amakhulu amawaka eetoni. Russia for koovimba zawo ezingeni yesine elizweni. kwezibonelelo zezakhiwo nokubekwa isiseko zirconium kwilizwe lethu yahluke kakhulu kwamanye amazwe. Ngaphezu kwama-50% of ekrwada kwi qela ezinxulumene RF granites obrak, 35% - kunye rutile-Gold kunye ilmenite placers-14% - ukusuka kamaforitami baddeleyite. Amazwe, phantse zonke noninzi lwezinto ezifana becala kwiindawo kunxweme lolwandle.

endaweni yesiphelo

Ngoko ke ndicinge ukuba avelise indlela zirconium eRashiya. Kurhwebo lwehlabathi namhlanje, ngelishwa, kubekho kwakuhlaziya ukunqongophala nokoyika olu. Ngoko ke, thembela kwizinto ezingeniswa yayo Russian ayikho imfuneko. Ke ngoko, kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo enkulu kuphuhliso iidiphozithi zayo. Ngelo xesha ukomeleza zokusebenza zirconium kwi Russian Federation kumele ukwenza uphuhliso iiteknoloji isebenzayo ukuba kusetyenziswe izinto kufunxwa ekrwada.