Bomber Northrop B-2. Bomber B-2: iimpawu kunye photo

Mystery B-2 (bomber) ebangela inani elikhulu izigwebo, iintsomi wasentsomini amazwi. Yintoni na le moya, ukuba sithethe inyaniso okwenyaniso? moya american isetyenziswa isizukulwana sesithathu lokungabonakali iminyaka engaphezu kwama-15 yaye, nangona umkhusane emfihlekweni kwi data ulwazi intsimi jikelele libonakala kwizixhobo zeteknoloji kunye iimpawu kwisiphekepheke zithunywa zimaphiko.

incazelo jikelele

Bomber B-2, nto leyo imveliso US icandelo lomkhosi, eyenzelwe njenge-moya kunye kubekho ithuba utshaba amajoni Ubhaqo moya. Completely engabonakali, akubi, njengoko inkqubo yokulanda umkhondo ekhethekileyo ukumisela screens yayo radar, kodwa yokuzikhusela oqhelekileyo ngayo engabonakali, nto leyo ebonisa ukusinda yalo imiqathango iziqhushumbisi.

Inkangeleko onomtsalane moya, esifana moya evela Sci-fi movie. B-2 bomber uMoya ebonakala esibhakabhakeni xa iphaphazelise eyadala emnyama yonxantathu iimpawu kule ulunika esosini ephaphazelayo, atshabalalisa ngaphandle komsila fuselage.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuba umsebenzi we banyebeleza usebenzisa iteknoloji advanced lahlukile;

• kumphezulu engaphandle-moya igutyungelwe izinto kunye iqondo eliphezulu nokufunxwa amaza erediyo;
• asebenza omoya Umzobo noshowo "iphiko flying";
• Ayikhusele iyasetyenziswa jet injini ye jet, ixabiso ESR ukho kuluhlu ukususela 0,0015 ukuya 0.1 square metres. m.

Iimpawu eziphambili isakhiwo moya

Iveliswe B-2 bomber "Umoya 'ekwimo iphiko, le nkqubo iquka ukungabikho ngokupheleleyo amacandelo nkqo neentsiba. Njengoko iipleyiti isikhokelo ohlaba yokujika ezifakwe kwi esiphelweni inxalenye amaphiko. Uninzi igobhogobho kunye iindawo ezingundoqo ezenziwe titanium kunye aluminiyamu. izinto ezongezelelweyo polyamides, kunye zisasilela carbon nangokuvutha eliphezulu ukunganyangeki ingumlingani.

Bomber B-2 uMoya sisichazela element ngokohlobo titanium caisson, elahliweyo kwisiqingatha phambi izindlu kunye nokunabisa kumacandelo aphakathi. amaphiko Aircraft enziwe carbon fiber. Monolithic panel titanium caisson eyenziwe-23 mm ubukhulu. iindawo Compound kunye yi welding okanye kwe- buvelise jize ngesithsaba zeplastikhi eziphuculweyo.

imilo

Isiseko ukuyilwa Imbonakalo inkqubo ezinamagqabi ezine, yaye ukuma moya wadala imigca-12. Oku lugxile nomfanekiso-moya tyaba kwaye inani elincinane kumacandelo engundoqo. Isakhelo parallel angasemva kunye ngaphambili kwezinye housings nganye, kugubungela, injini indawo nombhinqo uvula amalungiselelo ukudala isisu semoto kumacandelo ayi-4 ukubonisa ephambili. Ngenxa zifaka ngaphambili nangesemva ezifunyenwe amacandelo-2.

Kwi-ngokungqalileyo yaye kwicala Ngenxa yalo yomjikelo ekhwele enamaphiko akanayo ezabe imigca ethe ngqo. Emazantsi ubume Iphiko obekwe, lencinibakazi radio izifunxi. Le edge Inxalenye ngaphambili moya lwenziwa kwi-engile abukhali 33º, yaye emva senziwe ngokohlobo oonobumba IsiNgesi W. Phakathi iphiko semispan indawo echaziwe ukwaphuka kolungaphezulu, B-2 bomber Northrop uye iprofayile wing supercritical.

Lo moya kufakwa injini-4, ibekwe ngapha nangapha bay intlekele. Ukuqinisekisa ulawulo imperceptible yakhiwe tyaba phezu olungaphandle moya akanayo slits kwi iinjini umlomo isibhakabhaka kunye Motors neengalo ibekwe ngaphakathi matshini.

ebuntwini kuyilo

Isibakala sokuba le nqanawa enamaphiko ayikho ngumsila, ayizange imthintele owenkawu eyaphumela emoyeni, ekuhlaseleni lahlukile, B-2 ivenkile embi esibhakabhakeni kwesihloko ekhethiweyo ngenxa nokungabikho fin nkqo. ukuhambisa kuphela esongwayo moya, nto leyo kunciphisa umfutho nephiko ezisezantsi ngaphezulu ithatha ukwandisa amandla wokuthwala, nto leyo ekhokelela ukuba Ukuguqulwa isixhobo kwelo cala. Xa eyama, kukho gama "iphiko iyalayisha", leyo yenye yezona parameters ezibalulekileyo isitya. Ngaphantsi nje Kilo kuchaphazela sentimitha enye isikweri iphiko, kungenza kube lula kakhulu ukwenza moya uphendulela in emoyeni. Ngaloo ukwanda uphume bomber.

Bomber akakwazi ukulawula ngaphandle ukufakelwa kwenkqubo yolawulo remote zombane kunye nezixhobo automatic, ndibukele inkqubo yokubhabha kwaye khupha ezi pulses umyalelo phezu iindawo mechanical Ematikweni.

device endlwaneni

Lo moya injini ngamalungu amabini abasebenzi, B-2 (bomber), ifoto leyo ithiwe thaca apha ngasezantsi, lixhotyiswe le cabin enoxinzelelo, ibekwe phambi inxalenye moya.

Faka i pilot emsebenzini ngokusebenzisa lamagumbi kwisisu semoto ngaphambili kwi ileli ukusonga. Kuba pilot ngamnye emsebenzini kukho iseti epheleleyo yezixhobo yolawulo. Kwindawo enye, ngaphandle ekwinqwelo izixhobo injini iqhosha ukuqala kunye neenkqubo ze-moya. Ezi amaqhosha zicwangciswa kwimeko alarm.

Ukukhuselwa inxalenye ngaphaya ye ndlwana yenziwa panels ezine isakhiwo iqebengwana, ukuvumela ukuba baphumeze ngokutsha tye kwi-engile 200º. Kwimeko-moya kufuphi-dubulo enyukliya kwiglasi isale kunye nokwakhiwa iinxalenye ngegolide, ukuba ngaphaya kwaye akukho nokudlulisela radiation. Flight pilot kuqhutywa iindondo protivolazernyh.

Inkqubo yolawulo kwi-moya

B-2 bomber lixhotyiswe olulawulwa ezongezelelweyo ngombane mgama, nkqubo leyo ledijithali iziqalelo impendulo ekhawulezileyo kvadradupleksnuyu. ulawulo oluzenzekelayo iqulethe xa iyunithi yayo yokusebenza isakhiwo ezine kwaye zikwimeko yuokusebenza xa kukho ukusilela ababini kubo. inkqubo uphawu usemoyeni 20 iqulathe ukufunda xi sensor wokuthwala, nto leyo eyenza kube avulekile.

American bomber B-2 avionics esimbaxa NSS esezantsi yeklasi yokukhangela. Lightning impendulo fast ekutshintsheni iimeko wabaleka amacandelo amabini ngekhompyutha amaqhina oqhagamshelwano: IMU (inertial) kunye uletaiu (astroinertial). Ngalinye pilot uyalilalela izibonisi-4 amanyathelo ngemiba yezemfundo.

History of indalo

Ngexesha leMfazwe Cold phakathi USSR kunye US ngo 1979, uRonald Reagan ngexesha isithembiso sakhe lokhankaso lozonyulo ukubuyisela izixhobo US Army. emva konyaka omnye, urhulumente US iceba ukuseka iqela iinqwelo- ezithembisayo kunikezelo olukhawulezayo ordnance kummandla ochaphazelekayo, kwaye kwindawo yokuqala kuluhlu lo bomber lahlukile B-2. Amerika kokwenzekayo udlulisa kwi ukukhanya zonke dollar ngaphambi kwayo nayiphi na imeko. moya fantastic ne lwabasenzi abandisiweyo kwaye kubekho ukubonakala le projekthi kwabonakala ukuba ukugwetyelwa namathemba yaye iphantsi kolawulo ezizodwa zikarhulumente US.

Company Northrop Grumman iphuhlise bomber qhinga avulekile, nto leyo eyenzelwe ukuba atyhudise kwinkqubo oxineneyo anti-umkhondo kunye nokunikezelwa kwezixhobo zenyukliya kunye nezinye. Le equlunqiweyo ngokwesiseko inkqubo ATV mveliso.

Le projekthi yafumana igama ikhowudi B-2 ngoMoya isimboli. Eyaqala ngo-1987 yaba koqiniso ngenxa yokungabikho ngesigqibo yoyilo postpones ekuqaleni uvavanyo de 1989 kwaye yandisa ngemali le projekthi imali kwenye billion. Bezimali 1989 ukuqinisekisa ngexabiso leendleko yokudala moya entsha 23.1 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi.

Ikopi yokuqala ufumana isiqalo ebomini kumzi-mveliso yasemkhosini e California, apho wayebambe moya yakhe yokuqala kunye umboniso kweemaleko karhulumente ochaphazelekayo. Ngenxa yeendleko eziphezulu zokwakha bomber 21 kuphela B-2 Moya Stealts. Zonke izithuthi yokulwa amagama zobuqu ukutshatisa amagama States of America. Ekugqibeleni kwinqanawa enamaphiko ebizwa ngokuba "UMoya of America" obekwe yi umkhosi ngoJulayi 2000.

Ukuphuculwa moya

Ngo-2008, i-Congress of America siso esixhasa ngemali inkqubo nokuhlaziywa B-2 (bomber). inkqubo yolawulo sisilonda esidumbileyoesingaphakathi ekujoliswe emhlabeni uhambisa kunye nothungelwano radar enziwe iinguqu ezakhayo. 2009 kwandisa umthamo umthwalo lo-moya, nto leyo iitoni-27, ezahlulwe enesiqingatha lamagumbi ngasekunene nangasekhohlo. Ngo-2010, izinto uyaphuculwa panel-moya leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuba nkqu nokuqhekeka zakutshanje inxalenye.

Indawo yolawulo ibekwe phakathi iinjini olwaphula kumphezulu wayo linxulunyaniswa into yokuba ngokuthe ezingasetyenziswanga fatigue metal, leyo iintanda. Yena ivale amathambo labalandeli moya eshushu lovukelo ufakwa amaqondo obushushu aphezulu, ayikho indima yokugqibela kunye nongcangcazelo ngexesha umbane. iinjineli nkampani ukumelana nomsebenzi yokwenza utshintsho kuyilo umsila kunye nokusetyenziswa yodidi nobunzima kakhulu.

Ngo-Apreli 2010, lo bomber saphule ngokuphucula software, navigation entsha inkqubo yonxibelelwano okuqhubekayo. Yaye ngoSeptemba 2012 kolawulo moya iyatshintsha ufakelo radar zaphuculwa AN / APQ-181 kunye ekhoyo AESA radar. iimpahla ezitsha zincediswe iinkqubo ezininzi advanced zonxibelelwano kunye nokutshintsha izixhobo emboniselweni moya.

iimpawu zobugcisa yokulwa imoto

bomber swi uneempawu ezibalaseleyo zobugcisa. B-2 (bomber) exhotyiswe bombane Aviation. inkqubo FLIR Infrared kudala uhlolo olubanzi, iliza radio HANIUAL altimeter yenziwe ukuze umqondiso yayo ayenziwanga zafunyanwa ngexesha wokuhlola yi umbandezeli.

Intshukumo kule uququzelelo anikwe kwenkqubo navigation inertial izenzo ezifakwe isiteshi ukuze kwabelwane lwe data kunye satellites krelekrele. JDAM obububo inkqubo ejection Iimboniselo guided olunikiweyo kuluhlu igqitywe phambili yendlela ekujoliswe usebenzisa lwecebo le. Lo moya inenkqubo esihlangene nabenzi boluvo ababanikezelayo adlulisela idatha kwisistim yolawulo ukutshintsha imeko ngaphandle isitya.

Lo moya kufakwa AESA radar, kodwa oku akukho isixhobo okufana moya lahlukile, oko kuyimfuneko ukukhupha moya umqondiso kunye utshaba air wokhuselo zasekut. Umzekelo, isikhephe, iphaphazela ubudala F-117 kuphela kwendlela angenzi yokuqokelelwa kwedatha. iimpawu zobugcisa moya:

• ngokukhululekileyo-moya kukho zokulinga ezimbini;
• isitya ubude moya kreysernogo yi 20.9 m;
• izixhobo uba namaphiko 52,1 m;
• Aircraft ukuphakama - 5.1 m;
• indawo indawo wing - 460 m ^2;
• Cruiser blank singena mntu inobunzima 71,7 m;
• ubunzima isuka eqhelekileyo ubuninzi 152,6 no 171 m, ngokulandelelana;
• yokubasela kokufaka izixhobo lonke ixesha yokusabela angu 73;
• payload ukuya maxesha nasemva - 22.7 no-27 tonnes ngokulandelelana;
• Aircraft esa turbojet injini, inobunzima 1,452 m;
• kwesona santya siphezulu okunokwenzeka yokusabela - 860 km / h;
• avareji Isantya Cruiser - 776 km / h, indawo ulupwa sitsala radius 5310 km;
• Flight ibanga 11110 km, ixesha lokuya - 6,5 h, B-2 (bomber) uyenyuka ukuya kutsho kuma-15,000 m.

ukusebenzisa axhobe

Kuba kokutshabalalisa ekujoliswe zisetyenziswa ukuya izixhobo zenyukliya 340 / ngetoni nganye, 1.1 m / ngetoni nganye. Eyayifakwe athwale Ziyaqhubeka eqhelekileyo 16 x 84, 36 x 80 izixhobo cluster iibhombu 82. Ukusetyenziswa ngendlela phezulu, njengoko izixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo imijukujelwa iza.

Kukho intsomi eqhelekileyo ukuba ekuhlaseleni B-2 ukuya ukusebenzisa imijukujelwa iza akakwazi. Oku akunjalo, ekubeni kule meko yenethiwekhi kufuneka ukuba ukuxhoma iziqhushumbisi igumbi nemboniselo uyise ngocwangcisa uqondo ngayo izixhobo ngokulula ukumelana.

nobubi ezingabonakaliyo

Ingxenye ngokubanzi US zomkhosi congressmen zikhohlisiwe nje ezilindelekileyo kakhulu. Asingabo bonke abantu babe nolwazi endle kanomathotholo, kwaye ke kule diffraction nesenzeko electromagnetic. Phambi kwabo abahlohli kunye nengcamango ekuhlaseleni ezingabonakaliyo, izazinzulu nje emonela- wathembisa ukudalwa-moya sele basulelwe kwaye babecinga abantu abaninzi.

Kodwa ingcamango ngobuchule thile imibuzo indawo ukusasaza ndasifumana moya lihlala ku ezahlukene 0,0015 ukuya 0.1 m ^2. Lo msebenzi mkhulu kakhulu ukufunda, umzekelo, ukulwa ogama ESR yi 3-4 m ^2. Xa uqala kuqala, wokuzibhubhisa indawo leyo uluhlu entle.

Kodwa yehla ESR bomber uba isalathisi ebalulekileyo lokungabonakali kwayo. kwiintsali okwehlileyo kuphumelela kuphela ukuba bube ngangomolulo imifuziselo ezavalwayo zokhuselo lomoya. iinguqulelo kancinane radar Modern sikwazi moya kwindawo kwelifu kumgama ozikilometa ezilishumi ukuya amabini.

iimilo iflethi, ukunqongophala iilayini ezithe nkqo nomsila kwenza kube nzima ukuba ahlale phezu ikhosi ezikhethiweyo, kwaye kufuneka ufakelo ulawulo imali-elektroniki.

Naziphi na iingxaki ezibonakalayo nokukhanya infrared, phezu kwazo nje iinzame ezibambeneyo lenjineli zezixhobo kunye izazinzulu. Bazama liwafumane iinjini-moya ukusuka phezulu, ukutshintsha Ekungeneni umlomo imveliso sokwehlisa olukhawulezisiweyo amafutha atshiswe. Bazuza iziphumo, kodwa yokuzimela egqibeleleyo izidubuli zeemoto eshushu ayisebenzi.

Ngawakhe iintlobo lwemiboniso ezaziphila bathi ngalo moya umfundi imager thermal yi oqaphelekayo kakhulu esikhanyayo kwaye iyabonakala. Isixhobo ungabona utshaba, ngoko B-2 (bomber) ezimiselwe intshabalalo.

Le elingana isihlwele esikhulu iinqwelo-moya

Ngokutsho ubalo izazinzulu emkhosini ndaza ndenza umonakalo kwindawo ubunzulu bomber yotshaba F-16 isixa koomatshini 32 nezixhobo ngqo kufuna nobuninzi sample art axhasayo. Le neempelesi kuquka 16s, 4 umlawuli-moya ingxolo, iinqwelo- 8 ngokuba abathintela radar kanye kokufaka pack uphela (iziqwenga 15) olunikezela iinqwelwana amafutha ngasentla.

amandla Eyona ncam shot ebangela iqela engabonakaliyo F-117 moya 8 ekhatshwa zidlula ezimbini kwisiseko. Kodwa i bomber American B-2 ephuma le Uhlalutyo lokuthelekisa zithuba phambili - nezabelo ezifanayo zifuna phambi emoyeni iinkqubo lahlukile amabini kuphela kwaye ayifuni ukusetyenziswa ethwala amafutha, njengoko kuluhlu ubuninzi ayifuni kokufaka esibhakabhakeni. Njengoko ubona, apho imali.

bomber Accident lahlukile

Le ngozi yenzeke kwisiqithi Guam. Aerodrome shiya moya ezine abo kuthatha iinyanga-4 esekelwe siqithi. Bomber ogama "Umoya Kansas" akhulule owesibini. Izandi uphawu bomqhaphu, kukho ntshinyela yomsi zeemoto kumgama ukusuka esisebenza inqaba. Ibangelwa ngomlilo kunye nenkonzo nococeko, kodwa aninako ukugcina moya, oko itshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo.

Ithathwe ngaphandle crew lo moya yokuqala wayalelwa ukuba abuyele ngokukhawuleza kwindawo nokusasazwa, zonke iinqwelo-zonke ekuhlaseleni olu hlobo okwexeshana de ukucaciswa nezizathu ezikwiingcambu ngozi. Bandisa wakwazi u- kwaye hayi kakubi zonakala, omnye esibhedlele ngosuku lwesibini, kunye nezinye ixesha lokwenzeka waphathwa esibhedlele.

Kuthathwa ukuba ingozi leyo yenzeka ngenxa yokusilela indlela okanye yintshukumo into zabantu. Emva kophando a izigqibo uthumo olukhethekileyo kwenziwa ukuba bomber lahlukile B-2 dubulo lwenzeke ngenxa yokusilela injini.

Career ukulwa bomber

Kuba okokuqala yokoyisa NATO bomber ezisetyenziswa ngethuba lemfazwe eYugoslavia, apho zezixhobo ngqo-guided malunga 600 alahlwayo. Akumangalisi, adubula moya ngaphandle esinye, banduluka ukusuka kwisiseko e Missouri, ohlisa iziqhushumbisi e Kosovo futhi wagcina umva.

I-Iraq imfazwe unika isiseko esitsha umlo. bomber lahlukile B-2 ibhabhe ukusuka iRose Diego Garsiya kunye nenye isiseko emfihlekweni ngaphandle kokubeka amagama. moya Iyonke ukwenza malunga 22 namagqiza. Whiteman Air Base likhuphe 27 abotshwe nge iimbumbulu moya, nto leyo kunye ukuhlasela yokuqala lehla laya Iraq ngaphezu kweetoni 300 yeebhombu. Isixhaso avareji emoyeni iiyure ezingama-30, ngelixa ephawula ukuba ubude rekhodi enye crew ilunga ngubani na esibhakabhakeni ngaphezu kweeyure ezingama-50.

A lot of amava ekulweni umsebenzi wongeza inxaxheba iziqhushumbisi ngaseLibhiya ngo-2011, apho Iimboniselo ndalahlelwa ekujoliswe emhlabeni 45. Kuba umba omncinane series 21 unit ekuhlaseleni kwaphawula elungileyo kakhulu amava yokulwa.

UPawulos

Ukulwa B-2 bomber uMoya cwaka imbali indalo yayo ibonisa njani ukuba ukuvelisa moya. Nangona hype intabalala, untwisted ngeenxa ingcamango udale i inqwelomoya ongabonakaliyo ukuba ndinikhululele ezilungele ukuba ivele yokuthengisa zange baphumelele. ekuhlaseleni Sverhdorogie ibangela umonakalo ngakumbi i US Congress ngaphezu abachasi bakhe. Ufakelo billionths kwemali akagwetyelwa, kukho ukusebenza encinane ngenxa yokwanda ubugcisa olutsha ukubona ekujoliswe moya.

On a imbali note bomber lahlukile buhlungu ayipheli, iba inethemba yokuba kumazwe amaninzi silandela iteknoloji ethile. Ngokucacileyo, kuba indlela eyiyo, nenye into, njani iziphumo zotyalo engaguqukiyo ezifunyenweyo.