Ziziphi ezona ziqhelekileyo kwisenzo esineenkcukacha?

Ukusebenza kunye nedatha ihamba kunye nayiphi na iphrojekthi ephantsi. I-DB isebenza njengendawo yokugcina ulwazi, equle zonke iipameter eziyimfuneko ekusebenziseni kakuhle inkqubo. Ziziphi iindlela eziqhelekileyo ekusebenzeni? Ziyasetyenziswa nini? Ezi, kunye neminye imibuzo ifunyanwa iimpendulo kwisakhelo sale nqaku.

Ulwazi jikelele

Ngoko, okokuqala kufuneka unqume ukuba yintoni inkqubo. I-database iyigama lokugcinwa ngokulandelelweyo kolwazi olungabonakaliyo. Inokulungiswa kungekhona nje ngoncedo lwe-IT-technologies, kodwa nakwezinye iindlela nangeendlela. Kodwa umgaqo-nkqubo kufuneka usetyenziswe njengesiseko.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kukho iindlela ezininzi zokuhlela nokugcina idatha. Ngandlela nganye iindlela zibeka phambili iimfuno ezithile. Kukho iinkcukacha ezijoliswe kumsebenzi wokuzimela ngaphakathi kwikhompyutha enye. Abanye banikezela ukusebenzisana nomncedisi omde. Ukuba sithetha ngezokwakha izakhiwo, ngoko ke ezizona ziqhelekileyo ziyi-hierarchical kunye ne-network yolwazi. Eli nqaku liza kugxila kubo.

Yolwazi oluphezulu

Ukwakhiwa kwenkqubo kule nkalo kubonelela ukuba into nganye imelwe njengeziko elithile. Ngenxa yoko, unokuba nomzali okanye umntwana. Ubungqina bolu lwakhiwo kukuba kufuneka kubekho into enye apho iqala khona. Ekugqibeleni, sifumana isakhiwo esibonakala njengomthi. Ukuqonda indlela enjalo inhlangano isebenza ngayo, phantse nayiphi na inkqubo endala iya kunceda. Idatha yelolu hlobo yinkqubo yefayile yekhompyutha.

Iyakwazi ukuva ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwesakhiwo esinjalo akuyona into ephumelelayo. Kodwa ke, kusetyenziswa kakhulu. Oku kubangelwa kukuba ukusebenzisana neenkcukacha zizuzisa xa kubalulekile ukuba ufunde ngokubanzi ulwazi. Emva koko, kulo mzekelo, isakhiwo sokwakha siphumelele kakhulu kule nto. Njengomzekelo, makhe siqwalasele le meko: xa sikhetha ifolda ethile, ukusebenzisana kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza. Kodwa sifuna ukuqhuba ukukhangela kwintsholongwane ye-anti-virus yecomputer, njengoko iya kuqhubeka ixesha elide.

Iinkcukacha zolwazi

Olu luhlobo lokuguqulwa komzekelo oqwalaselwe ngaphambili. Uhlobo oluphambili apha luyinani lezonxibelelwano. Ngoko, kwi-database yolwazi oluxhomekeke kwinqanaba libonelelwa ukuba enye inxalenye ingaba nomzali omnye kuphela. Ngaloo ndlela, sinokuthetha ngokunyamezela okuthile ekuphuhlisweni kwedatha. IiNgcaciso zeeNethwekhi zentlalo zinokuba nabazali abaninzi. Oku ngakumbi malunga nokudala idata ngokusekelwe kwi-XML.

Iinkcukacha zolwazi

Eyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo ekusebenziseni yile ncam, ukuba sithetha ngokusetyenziswa kobunzima, ukuhlela, njalo njalo. Isizathu sokuthandwa kwabo kukuba i-database yolwazi ilula kakhulu ukuchaza kwiimathematika. Ngenxa yokuphucula ukuphunyezwa, zisetyenziswa kakhulu.

Isibalo seMathematika uEdgar Frank Codd (ngoku ufile) sichaza i-theory yabo. Kwiminyaka eyi-80 ubudala wakwazi ukuchaza isakhiwo seenkcukacha zolwazi ngendlela echanekileyo kunye nekhwalithi, usebenzisa ulwimi lweemathematika. Kwaye njengoko kubonisa ukubonakalisa, loo nto isisiseko esihle sokuphunyezwa kwenkqubo. Iinkcukacha zolwalamano ziye zathandwa kangangokuba xa zithetha malunga neenkcukacha zolwazi, ziyaziqonda ngokuzenzekelayo. Masiqwalasele iinkcukacha ezithile zokuphunyezwa kwazo.

Iimpawu zengxelo yolwazi

Into ebonakalayo eyona nto ibonisa ukuba idatha igcinwa njengeesethi zeetafile ezimbini. Njengomzekelo olula, ungabona i-database yokufikelela ifakwe kwi-ofisi ye-Microsoft. Kwindlalifa yee-alpha kunye ne-omega kunye nemigqa iyasetyenziswa. Ubunqwenelekayo bokuba bekunjalo kukuba ngegama lamasimi, uhlobo lweedatha ezisetyenziswe kuwo, lisetyenziswe. Ukongezelela, inani lamakholomu lugqityiweyo kwaye lingatshintshwa kuphela ngamalungelo omlawuli wedatha. Imizila yinto yolwazi. Inani labo lihluka ngokulula ngokubonelela ngemigaqo ekhethekileyo.

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba i-DB yinto engacacanga. Ngoko ke, eyona nto iyona eqhelekileyo kwimigangatho yenkcazelo yolwazi apho iithayibhile zidibene khona. Ummeli obalaseleyo kakhulu kulo mcimbi unako ukunika uFike okhankanywe ngaphambili. Into ebaluleke kakhulu xa kusebenza ukuyila kwesakhiwo. Le nkqubo kukudala izinto ezikhankanywe ngasentla. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba le nqanaba elinzima, apho abaqalayo abaqalayo banokuqhayisa. Kwaphela. Emva koko, ngelixa kukho idatha encinane, iya kuqhutyelwa ngokukhawuleza ngekhompyutha. Kodwa njengoko inani leenkcukacha likhuphuka, kuya kubakho ukuphahlazeka okubonakalayo. Inani lalo liza kuba lilingana ngokuthe ngqo kumlinganiselo weenkcukacha ezigcinwe kunye nokulungelelaniswa kokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo.

Ukuqulunqwa kwedatha

Ngoko, saqwalasela iindlela ezithandwayo kakhulu zokwakha i-database. Ngoku makhe sithethe malunga naluphi iindlela eziqhelekileyo kwisenzo xa zidalwe kwaye kutheni. Ngokomzekelo, cinga i-MySQL. Ngoko, kwisiphumo sokugqibela kukho iimfuno ezi:

• Idata kufuneka ibe yinto elula ngokucwangciswa.
• I-database kufuneka ifumaneke ngobukhulu.

Ngamava, kulula ukubona ukuba ezi ngqiqo ziphikisana. Okokuqala, kufuneka uqonde ngokuchanekileyo oko kuya kutshintshwa kwi database kwaye kususwe kuyo. Kwiiprojekthi ezinzulu, unokufumana ezininzi kunye namakhulu eetafile ngeenombolo ezintle zezinto. Le mibuzo kufuneka iqwalaselwe:

1. Qinisekisa ukuba yeyiphi idatha eya kugcinwa.
2. Fumana apho ulwazi luza kuthunyelwa khona.
3. Qinisekani ukuba uluphi uhlobo lweedatha ukukhetha kwikholam enye.

Ukunciphisa umthwalo, ungasebenzisa ukuphuka kwiibhile ezihlukeneyo. Kodwa kuyimfuneko ukunyamekela ukuba kukho izixhobo ezithile zokudibanisa.

Isiphelo

Iingqinisiso zibalulekile kumacandelo enkqubo okanye ngaphantsi. Ekuqaleni, ekuphunyezweni ngokufanelekileyo, umntu akanako ukulungiselela ukuxhamla olufanelekileyo. Kodwa ngaphezu kwexesha, xa ufunda le ntsimi kwaye ukwandisa amava, unokwazi ukudala izinto eziphambili.

Kwakhona, akufanele siwutyeshele into yokuba izakhiwo zeprosoft software ezincinci zenziwa ngokuthe ngcembe. Ukongezelela, inkqubo yokuphathwa kwedatha inokunceda ekuphuculeni . Banikela umthuthukisi ngemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo engasetyenziselwa ukufezekisa nayiphi na umsebenzi. Iindidi ze-DBMS zikhulu kakhulu, ngoko unokukhetha ngokuchanekileyo into ofuna ukuyila.