"Yiyiphi le" yafika kwi-stack, "yintoni" yabuya: isiseko esingabonakali sokwenene

Mhlawumbi ngekamva elizayo ishishini lekhompuyutha liya kulibala malunga neeros kunye nelo, kwaye abapropathi abayi kusebenza ngama-byte namagama, kodwa ngoku yonke into imelwe yilizwe elibhinqa kwaye liphila ngemithetho yalo. Iyiphi intonga kunye nalapho isetyenziselwa khona-kakhulu kunokwenzeka, ayiyi kucaca ngokucacileyo. Nangona ekuqaleni kokubonakala kwayo, inkqubo yokuqala ibhalise, kwaye ingqiqo yomsebenzi wayo yayidinga imemori. Njengomphumo wokuphunyezwa kweengcamango ezilula, umgca "oko kukuthi" kuye kwaba yi-facto "efunekayo".

Imisebenzi, iprosesor, i-logic yomnxeba

Iprojector ilawula imemori iphinde isebenzise ingcamango yokusetyenziswa kwekhodi ye-cyclic. Inkqubo enye okanye iseti yemisebenzi ebonisa ukulandelelana kwemisebenzi: khetha into, yenza njalo, faka into apho. Inkqubo yokusebenza iyona khowudi ejongene noxanduva: iyalelwe ukuba kwenziwe kwaye ilonge ezinye iinkqubo.

Enyanisweni, umsebenzi (iqela elizimeleyo le-algorithm) lilandelelwano lwemisebenzi yamabhinari. Inkqubo iyahlukana nomsebenzi ekusebenziseni ngokwawo kwaye iququzelela ezinye iindawo zekhowudi.

I-algorithm yenzelwe ukuphuhlisa njengokulandelelana kwezinto ezizimeleyo ezizimeleyo. Ngamnye wenza umsebenzi walo (ngokuqhelekileyo kuphela omnye) umsebenzi - kulungele ukulungiswa kwemifanekiso, ngokuchanekileyo, ngokuchanekileyo. Olu hlobo lwenkqubo lwenza ukuba kube lula ukwenza inkqubo yokuphuhlisa, ukudala iilayibrari zeencwadi kunye nokuzisebenzisa kwezinye iiprojekthi.

Ukutshintshwa noLawulo lokuBuyisa

Inkqubo ibiza umsebenzi kwaye, idlulisa idatha, ilindele ukufumana umphumo. Ngoko ukusetyenziswa kwesinye inxalenye yekhowudi kuqaliswe ngaphandle, ngoko ke ukubuyiswa kolawulo kufuneka kwenziwe kwintsebenzo elandelayo emva kofowuni. Le ndlela iqinisekisa umyalelo wokuphunyezwa kwekhowudi kunye nokuphumeza kwesiphumo senkqubo ngokubanzi.

Ikhowudi ilayishwe kwimemori kwaye yenziwa ngokulandelana. Ukubiza umnxeba umsebenzi (enye inxalenye yekhowudi), ifowuni isetyenziswa. Yintoni le? Imemori (kunye ne-pointer kuyo), eyahlukileyo kwinto eqhelekileyo kwinto nganye elandelayo ifakwe ngaphezu kweyaphambili. Ngoko ke, ukufumana wonke umntu ngaphantsi kwayo, kufuneka uthabathe kwaye usebenze yonke into engaphezulu kwayo. I-pointer isoloko ibonisa indawo ekhoyo kwi-stack.

Ekuqaleni, idilesi yokubuyisela isesigxina - idilesi yomsebenzi olandelayo emva kofowuni. Emva koko zonke iinkcukacha ezifunekayo kumsebenzi obizwa ngokuba zifakwe apho. Umsebenzi obizwa ngokuba ukhetha idatha, uyayenza, ivelise umphumo, kwaye ibuyisela ukulawula phezu kwento yokugqibela yesitaki. Umyalelo: "gcina ukuba" ihambisa isalathisi kwixesha elidlulileyo linikezelwe, kwaye "okhethiweyo" okhethiweyo iya kuqhutyelwa.

I-AX, i-BX, i-CX, i-DX, i-EX sele ibe yinto yokwakheka kwexesha lokuqala kwenkcazelo yolwazi, kodwa i-SP kunye ne-SS ziyizona zinto eziphambili. I-stack isetyenziswe njani kwinkqubo? Imizekelo yexesha elidlulileyo ayiyi kuba yizikhumbuzo zakhiwo zobuqili bokuqala kwexesha. I-stack yafika kwilizwe elibhinqa kunye namazwi athi "umsebenzi" kunye "nokuphindaphinda" kwaye yanyamalala kwimiqathango jikelele yokuphuhliswa koqheliselo lwenkqubo.

Ukukhonza idatha ukugqiba ukuba wenze ntoni

Indlela yokwenza izinto ivumela iifowuni ezininzi kwiindawo ezahlukahlukeneyo zekhowudi, kuquka ukuphindaphinda: umsebenzi woqobo. Kukho ukulinganiselwa kwemvelo: ubungakanani bememori yecingo kunye nekhowudi kufuneka lwanele. Ukuba le nkqubo ichanekile, ngoko kuqhutywa kwayo kuya kuzinza, ukuhanjiswa / ukubuyiswa kolawulo -kuchanekileyo.

Umgca uzele, njengoko iiplate ziwela emkhosini, ezithunyelwa ukulungiselela itafile. Umphumo weeplate, oko kukuthi, ukuzaliswa kwazo, kugqitywa kwindawo apho idluliselwa kuyo. Ngokwendlela yokwenza intsebenziswano, iqela elithi "ukubeka oko" linikezela ngokuvisisana kwangaphambili phakathi komntu owabizayo kunye nalowo ambizayo. Emva kokuba inkqubo igqityiwe, kubalulekile ukubuyisela ulawulo kwidilesi ekuhambeni ukuthumela isitaki kwitafile.

Isicatshulwa esilula kwaye sisebenza kakuhle. Yintoni eyenziwa kwitheyibhile, indlela isinqumo esenziwe ngayo - umsebenzi womsebenzi, indlela eya kujongana ngayo nedata efunyenweyo-inkxalabo yayo, kwi-itafile iya kuthumela i-stack yedata yayo-inkxalabo yayo, into ephambili kukuba ulawulo luhlala lubuyela kwintsebenzo elandelayo emva kofowuni. Umsebenzi unokuzibiza kuphela ukuba uvumela ukubuyela kwakhona, kwaye ukuphindaphinda kunokwenzeka kuphela ukuba idatha ifakwa kwi-stack.

Eziphambili

Xa imihla ngemihla kwaye isebenzayo isisiseko sembono yangempela, umntu unokuthembela ngokubhekiselele kwimigqaliselo kunye nobomi obude bexesha elizayo. I-stack yamacangci yanika ubomi kwi-stack, kwaye i-stack yanikezela umsebenzi weprojekthi, iinkqubo zokusebenza, iinkqubo, imisebenzi kunye nobubanzi bezobuchwepheshe obuphezulu ngokubanzi.

Inkcazo yeklasi apho isilula saba sisiseko, kodwa ityala elingavumelekanga xa linokuqikelelwa ngaphandle kweengxabano ezingenanto malunga ne-syntax, i-semantics, iinkqubo zeprogram kunye nezinto eziphambili kumzabalazo weelwimi ukuze zisinde.

Utshintsho, njengokuba lusememori yeememori, luhlala lulolu suku, ngoku kuphela iingcamango malunga nalo zitshintshile. Xa begqithise ngokuzithemba ngobushushu bokufakela ubungqina obuqinileyo, ngoku bathi: into enokuba yintoni na kwaye ithathe nantoni kwimemori yangempela, kuba oko akubalulekanga nakanjani.

Isabelo, imeko, i-loop, ibhloko ... abaqhubi bancinci ukuguqulwa kwisicwangciso se-semantic, kodwa i-syntax sele iyingxaki. Umzabalazo weelwimi zeeprogram zezimvo azizange zinike ithuba lokuwina omnye wabo. Isixhobo (i-compiler / isicomeli / iigobolondo) kufuneka sisebenze, sizinze kwaye sisebenze ngokugcwele, kwaye njani kunye noko kubhala / ukusetyenziswa kuyinkxalabo yomprofeti, kungekhona umlobi wolwimi.

I-Stack ithe yafumana intsingiselo entsha kule nkqubo yehlabathi jikelele yokuphuhlisa izethulo kunye nobuchwepheshe. Imirhumo kwifom apho ikulungele khona, ilahla enye, kwaye i-algorithms kunye nabaqhubi bayabandakanywa omnye komnye. Ngokuqhelekileyo unokuva malunga nekhowudi yomgaqo-nkqubo, xa umntu enika umsebenzi womnye.

I-Stack, ukusebenza kunye nokuphindaphinda ayifani ngokufanayo, kodwa iyancedisana ngokugqibeleleyo, ikuvumela ukuba wenze izinto ezikhethekileyo zokubonisa nokwenza ulwazi.