Ukubona - yinto "dibanisa" okanye "thabatha '? Utyando phezu iso: eduze

Ophthalmologists badla yiva izigulane lo mbuzo: "ukubona - yinto" dibanisa "okanye" thabatha Kwaye akukho malunga ekuhlengahlengiseni okanye aziziqhusheko into zophendlo lwezifo ezifana '? ". Kakade ke, akukho nto elungileyo, ukuba umntu ukuba unesifo ukubona. Amanqaku "dibanisa" okanye "thabatha" kufuneka kuthenga kulo mzekelo - ukuba iimfuno izigulane.

definition

Ukubona (ukubona igama zonyango) - oko ngezifo kakhulu eziqhelekileyo iimpazamo zokunganyangeki, nto leyo ekhokelele ekubunjweni imifanekiso yezinto phambi kwiretina kwenzeka. Abantu nesi sifo kufutshane ukubona kakuhle, kodwa umgama - kubi. izinto ezikude kuvela ukungaboni kubo, ukufiphala, ziziphazamiso. Iwa apha ngezantsi acuity olubonakalayo.

ngezigaba

Xa umntu linyuke ubude iliso bene ukubona yezihlunu. Ukuba inwebu unalo igunya elikhulu zokunganyangeki, apho kwenziwa i encinane ubude, iphuhlisa ukubona zokunganyangeki. Njengoko umthetho, iintlobo ezimbini ezidibeneyo akhoyo ngexesha elifanayo.

Iintlobo ukubona, kuxhomekeke acuity olubonakalayo kangakanani nokuphungulwa:

• amandla - up to diopters abathathu;
• avareji - up to diopters ezintandathu;
• strong - up to diopters ezintandathu.

Imihla noonobangela

Ukubona ingaqala nanini na ubudala, kodwa okokuqala efunyanwa ngabantwana kwiminyaka esixhenxe ukuya kwezilishumi elinesibini. Xa elivisayo idla kunyuswa ukubona. Nokuzinziswa mbono kwenzeka phakathi kweminyaka elishumi elinesibhozo namashumi amane.

Izinto ezibangela ukubona ukuba babengayiqondi ngokupheleleyo kude kube ngoku. Kodwa izinto ezithile lomngcipheko ebekwe, equka:

• Yofuzo. Kwimeko ukuba bobabini abazali mpawu, amathuba ekufumanekeni ukubona umntwana ongaphantsi kweminyaka elishumi elinesibhozo ubudala landile ukuya amahlanu ekhulwini. Ukuba bobabini abazali kufuneka umbono eziqhelekileyo, umngcipheko ukubona xa umntwana ekhulwini abasibhozo kuphela. Izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba zizinto ilifa kwi Yindibanisela collagen (protein kwizicwili) okufunekayo ukuze isakhiwo sclera (iso), amisele inani iziphene. Izakha ezahlukeneyo ukungabikho kuyimfuneko ukuba Yindibanisela sclera, ekudleni inokuba negalelo ukuqhubela phambili ukubona.
• Eyestrain. stress olunzulu elide, engachanekanga yokuhlala isikhundla xa ukubhala nokufunda, izibane kakubi emsebenzini, overreliance kwikhompyutha kunye TV - konke oku kudale ukubona. Le dibanisa okanye thabatha, xa umntwana efunda lukhulu? Ukusuka kwinqanaba umbono wophuhliso yakhe yengqondo, Kakade ke, a plus. Kodwa impendulo onjalo ekhethekileyo ngokwemigaqo yezempilo. Njengomgaqo, ukubona iphuhlisa kanye xa siqala ukufunda.
• ukulungisa engafanelekanga. Xa iingxaki kuqala ngoko nangoko wenziwe ulungiso umbono. Xa overvoltage kwenzeka ukubona kwemisipha iliso, xa kungekho yokuqeqesha kukhokelela ukuqhubela phambili kwesifo, kwaye maxa wambi nkqu ukuya syndrome 'iliso onqenayo " (amblyopia) kunye strabismus. Kwakhona kunceda ekwandiseni uluhlu ukubona kakhulu "onamandla" lenses okanye iindondo.

ukubona okuqhubekayo

Le meko unesifo xa ukubona unyaka zenyuke nge diopter enye okanye ngaphezulu. Le ngezifo ezininzi kakhulu inkqubela yabantwana abakwiminyaka yokuba sesikolweni, kuba kwisithuba loqeqesho bafumana umthwalo olubonakalayo olomeleleyo. Kwakhona, ngelo xesha ikhula ngenkuthalo ephilayo, ingakumbi emehlweni. Zobude kwicala anteroposterior lweliso lakho, kwezinye iimeko kuthatha umlinganiswa lwezidumbu, nto leyo ithetha ibutho neenyembezi semehlo, ukulahlekelwa amandla ijwabu, opacities vitreous.

Abantu ukubona Ingathethelelwa ukuba benza umsebenzi ezinxulumene onzima okanye tilting intloko phantsi kwi izindlu kwindawo kruthu, ezemidlalo efuna iingcangcazela zomzimba (wrestling, ukutsiba, amanqindi, njalo njalo). izenzo ezinjalo kuphela kungakhokelela ibutho semehlo, yaye yimfama.

ngezifo Progressive ngcembe lisenza kuyayitshintsha amalungu usembindini inwebu iliso kwaye kakhulu kunciphisa acuity olubonakalayo. Ukuba kubonakele peripheral yamehlo abuthakathaka, okubangela ibutho layo, kufuneka laser coagulation iso.

Prevention of ukubona

Ukuthintela uphuhliso ukubona, ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kufuneka ihlawulwe imo zokukhanya. Amehlo kufuneka kwenzeka kuphela ekukhanyeni elungileyo. Kufuneka usebenzise izibane ukukhanyisa kunye etafileni ovahedi enesakhono amathandathu - nekhulu watts. izibane ezibengezelayo xa ubhala, ayinakusetyenziswa ukufunda.

Kufuneka kwakhona ukwandisa iindlela yoxinezeleko ngokwasemzimbeni kunye nezibonwayo. Iiklasi zinxulunyaniswa amehlo kufuneka alternate kunye ihamba, zolonwabo. Xa ukubona nge ukuhla acuity olubonakalayo ukuya ku diopters emithathu umthambo, njengoko umgaqo na, hayi kuphela. Xa ukubona oluphakathi ukuya kakhulu akuvumelekanga jump kunye nokuphakamisa iintsimbi. Xa umsebenzi, nto leyo ethetha eyestrain, kucetyiswa yonke imizuzu engamashumi amabini ukuya kumashumi amathathu ukwenza umthambo ukuze amehlo akho. Uthintelo ukubona kufuneka kwenziwe bonke abantwana abakwiminyaka yokuba sesikolweni.

unyango elondoloza

Kukho iinketho eziliqela ukululeka umbono ukubona. Into yokuqala ekufuneka uyenze - kukusebenzisa i zamehlo ukufumana iindondo. Kuba ukubona luphawulwa ngokonakala umbono izinto ezikude, ngoko umele usebenzise nkulu oluthi "thabatha". Kwakhona, ngaphantsi kweliso ingcali kuyimfuneko ukuqhuba uqeqesho izihlunu ukuba bafumane ukubona zibandakanya overvoltage. Iziganeko ziquka instillation iziyobisi, laser ukuvuselela umthambo amehlo, ulungiso umbono computer yevidiyo.

Akukho alufane kwe rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezintandathu, kuyimfuneko ukwenza diagnosis ophthalmologic - kulinganiswa ngokusebenzisa nenkalo longitudinal isixhobo iliso ultrasound. Fumana ulungele umsebenzi ixesha elide, kuba nzima ukulungisa izinto ezikufutshane kuphela. Ngako oko, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukuba ukuphumeza amanyathelo okubuyisela: ukwenza yokuthanjiswa entanyeni, iqula, uthathe douche. Kodwa, naliphi na inyathelo kufuneka elungelelanisiweyo kunye zamehlo.

A indima enkulu ukunyanga ukubona idlala ukutya okunezondlo nelifanelekileyo. Yintoni udinga iivithamini kuba amehlo ukubona, kuxoxwa ngezantsi.

Amalungiselelo nokuhlawulwa

Chonga izixhobo eziliqela oludibeneyo, apho bonke iivithamini eziyimfuneko iliso ukuze ukubona.

• "Lutein complex" - ichiza ukuba ukhonza umthombo izakhi kunye neeminerali kuloo maziko umbono. Xa ukubona iphucula sokusebenza iso. abafundi ekucetyiswa abadala abasebenza apha ekhompiyutheni ixesha elide.
• "Vitrum Vision" - ithetha ukuba ophthalmologists ukucebisa ukusebenzisa kuthintelo ukubona, kwakunye nabo basebenza ngamagumbi amnyama.

vitamins

Ukongeza amayeza, ngeles, nazo ezinye iivithamini uncedo ukubuyisela umbono. Mhlawumbi eyona ibaluleke ngakumbi kuzo esi sicatshulwa evame. Fruits kunye namagqabi le sosudoprotektornoe yezityalo imveliso kunye nefuthe antioxidant, uqinisa udonga semithambo, ngaleyo ndlela kwande luthambe, ukunciphisa capillary ubu, iyaluthintela uphuhliso seengxangxasi, uphucula igazi kuqukuqela kwiretina. Isicatshulwa evame kufuneka kuthathwe nje kuphela abantu abane ukubona; kodwa nabo abaphethwe nezinye izifo zamehlo.

Isixhobo sele yonyango ukubona ezi iivithamini A, B2, B12, B6, C ukusebenzisa kuzo zonke ozifunayo kwi complex - ngoko ke uya kukwazi sizinze nkqu ukuphucula acuity olubonakalayo kunokwenzeka.

Iiglasi okanye lens?

Ngoku sele bayazi ukuba imbambano leyo eduze - yinto "dibanisa" okanye "lokucutha", kuyinto efanelekileyo kwezo ngezifo uphawu iiglasi okanye contact lenses. Yaye kuthekani indlela yokuqeqesha Kukhethwa ukuba usebenzise? Mhlawumbi eyona mpendulo ilula akukho. Ke omnye, kwaye enye ukhetho zinezibonelelo kanye nobubi. Kodwa izinto zokuqala kuqala.

zamehlo

Namhlanje ke nangoku ndlela iqhelekileyo wokulungiswa mbono. Noko ke, iindondo kuziswa umniniyo eninzi inkxamleko: bahlale nenkungu, bawe, isilayidi, zimdaka, kwaye aphazamise kwezemidlalo okanye nawuphi na omnye umsebenzi. Ukongeza, ezi ngongoma ingundoqo musa ukunikeza ukulungisa umbono. Ibeka kakhulu umbono icala kuwuhlambela Iimbono lweendawo kunye nefuthe eyodwa, nto leyo ibaluleke kakhulu abaqhubi. Ukuba kuwa okanye iindondo yokukhubazeka kutyumka kunokubangela ukonzakala okukhulu. Ke ukuba kubi kubo pick up, wena ukuqinisekisa wena progression obungunaphakade ukubona kunye ukukhathaza amehlo. Kanti ke, nangona zonke iziphene, iiglasi - ndlela ilula, cheap kunye ekhuselekileyo yokuphucula umbono.

lens contact

Imidlalo kunye nabantu esebenzayo badla ukhetha olu uhlobo yokukhuza. Enyanisweni, phambi kokuba iindondo kufuneka lens eziliqela izibonelelo eziphathekayo. Abayi ziyaphazamisana nemisebenzi wenyama ibe ukunika nkqu nabantu abaninzi mobile ubomi obuqhelekileyo. Sekunjalo enxibe lens, kakhulu, lugcwele nezingalunganga. Abaninzi nje awungeke ingasetyenziswa yokuba emehlweni abo kukho into langaphandle, kwaye umntu okanye ukuzwa uxabane. Nokuba kukho uluvo lokuba umsebenzisi lens angasoloko zingafunyanwa kwi iliso ebomvu. Le nto ke ayithethi kangako. Abo basebenzisa le ndlela yokuqeqesha, basengozini yeengxaki ezasulelayo, kuquka kakhulu, nto leyo ezisongela ilahleko epheleleyo ukukwazi ukubona. Contraindicated ukuguga lens ngethuba na, nkqu akhanya njengomkhuhlane. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, kunzima yaye inkqubo yokufaka / ukususwa: ukuba kakhulu mnandi, kodwa ngaphezu koko, ngalo mzuzwana esibi, ilens unako ukuza off.

Ngenxa yezi ethile ngendlela elondoloza ukuphucula umbono abantu abaninzi bakhetha ukubhenela ukhetho ezifana zonyango njenge ukusebenza kwi iliso. Ukubona kwaye inyaniso kususwa ngeendlela zotyando. Njani? Ngubani na oya kukuxelela.

keratotomy ziqu

Umgaqo utyando ezifana kwangethuba 1951, unyaka ecetywayo ugqirha waseJapan, Sato. Indlela kamva kugqitywa ngokweenkcukacha IRTC "Iliso Microsurgery". keratotomy iphiramidi ebonisa utshintsho ngokuthi yokwaphula i "window" zintle diamond imela iinotshi sikwi kwenwebu kuyaphi ikwimo kwenwebu. Isiphumo lens kokuba (pre-abaliweyo) igunya ezahlukeneyo zokunganyangeki. Lo msebenzi awuchaphazeli kwindawo esembindini, ngoko ngenkankulu kubangela iingxaki ezifana, umz, ukuncitshiswa elubala kwenwebu okanye ukubana weziko optical. Kwezinye iimeko, nkqu astigmatism-traumatic ngeposi okanye iziphene lupheliswe ngale ndlela. Kwaye enye plus - le ukulungiswa sitshiphu ngaphezu laser. Umsebenzi iyasebenza kwimeko ukubona kunye ukuhla acuity olubonakalayo ukusuka kwelinye ukuya diopters ezine okanye ezintlanu. Okwangoku, zombini iingcali basekhaya angaphandle bacebisa le ndlela for ekuphuculeni umbono njengoko kakhulu, ethembekileyo kwaye ikhuselekile. Ngowe-85 ekhulwini keratotomy iphiramidi ebonisa ivumela a acuity olubonakalayo lwe diopters 0.5 okanye ngaphezulu.

LASIK

Oku kwakhona indawo ekhuselekileyo kakuhle ukusebenza iliso. Ukubona - ayikho kuphela ngezifo leyo zilungiswe ngendlela enjalo, kodwa amaxesha amaninzi isetyenziselwe ukulungisa ukubona. Indlela yile ilandelayo: Ukusebenzisa isixhobo ezizodwa, le microkeratome, kule nwebu sokhuselo inwebu kwenza isivingco elincinane, uze emva koko ngumphunga excimer laser maleko yohlobo olunye engaphakathi inwebu ukuya kubunzulu kuyimfuneko zakubonelela ugobile oyifunayo. Emva koko, umaleko yokuzikhusela abuyiselwe endaweni yawo. Operation ivumela ukuba uqeqesho ukubona kunye ukuhla okubonakalayo acuity ukuya diopters 15 nokunciphisa ixesha kwisimo iintsuku ezimbalwa. Ukuba ukubona uyaqina (mkhulu kune-15 diopters), LASIK akunconywa, kuba ngexesha lokusebenza ukuxozwa liyingozi inwebu. Nale iqondo ukubona kunceda kuphela umzila ye se intraocular.