Imigaqo eyisiseko ye-OOP kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo

Ulwazi jikelele

I-OOP yindlela yesicwangciso esavela kuma-80s ekhulu lama-20. Ngokungafani neelwimi zenkqubo, apho idatha kunye nemiyalelo yokusebenza kwayo ikhona ngokwahlukileyo, kwinkqubo ejoliswe kwintsebenziswano le ngcaciso ihlanganiswe ibe yinto enye.

Imigaqo eyisiseko ye-OOP

Inkqubo yoqwalaselo lweprogram eneeposi zayo. Imigaqo ye-PLO yiingcamango zakhe ezisisiseko. Kukho ezintathu ezibaluleke kakhulu: ifa, i-polymorphism kunye ne-encapsulation. Ngezantsi, nganye iya kuxutyushwa ngokubanzi. Iziseko zeprogram kwiilwimi ze-OOP ziquka ukusetyenziswa kwezinto kunye neeklasi. Xa usuka kwisimboli somgaqo wokubhala umthombo wenkcazo ekuchasene nenjongo, kukho ukusoloko kunzima, kodwa abaninzi abaphuhlisi bafumana amanzuzo amaninzi kwi-OOP.

Ukucaphulwa

Ukucaphulwa kwemali kukusetyenziswa kokudibanisa idatha kunye nemiyalelo yokuyifaka kwiqela elilodwa. Xa ubhala iinkqubo kwelinye lweelwimi ze-OOP, ulwahlulo lwenziwe phakathi kolwazi ngaphakathi kwimbutho kunye nangaphandle. Ngaloo ndlela, kunokwenzeka ukuqinisekisa ukukhuselwa kwedatha kunye nezindlela zokuphunyezwa kwazo ezivela kwimpembelelo yangaphandle, umzekelo, ukusuka kwezinye iiklasi ezingahambelani nale nto. Ngaphakathi kwimbutho, idata iyanxibelelana ngempumelelo, kodwa ikhuselwe ngokuqinisekileyo ekufikeleleni okungagunyaziswanga ngaphandle.

Ifa

Umgaqo wesibini we-OOP - ilifa - ubuchule beklasi enye ukusebenzisa iindlela zenye ngaphandle kokuphinda ukuphunyezwa kwazo. Ifa liyakuvumela ukuba ulahlekelwe ukuhlengahlengiswa kwekhowudi yomthombo.

Polymorphism

Omnye umgaqo we-OOP yi-polymorphism. Ukusetyenziswa kwayo kuthetha ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezihlukahlukanayo, unokwenza i-interface eyodwa eya kusabela ngokungafaniyo kwiziganeko kwaye ngokufanayo isebenze ngokufanelekileyo imisebenzi.

OOP IiLwimi

Imigaqo ye-OOP isetyenziswe kwiilwimi ezinjengeenkcukacha eziqhelekileyo njengeC ++ kunye neJava, apho kukho iinkqubo ezininzi nezicelo eziphuhlisiweyo. Kukho nezinye iilwimi ezingaphantsi kwe-OOP - iDelphi, Object Pascal, uRuby nabanye abaninzi.

Ukugxeka i-PLO

Nangona kukho iingxelo ezithembekileyo malunga nale nkqubo, i-OOP imigaqo ihlala igxekwa. Njengenkqubo yokwenza inkqubo, i- OOP inokungaphumeleli kwayo.

Okokuqala, ubunzima beenguqu. Ukuqonda imigaqo ye-OOP, kuya kuthatha ixesha elininzi, ngakumbi kubantu abasebenza ngokusondeleyo kuphela ngeelwimi zokusetyenziswa kweelwimi.

Okwesibini, amaxwebhu anzima kunzima, kuba kuya kubakho ukuchaza kuphela iiklasi kunye nezinto, kodwa kunye neemeko ezithile zokuphunyezwa kwazo.

Okwesithathu, iindlela ezidlulileyo zeendlela zonke zingakhokelela ekubeni ikhowudi yomthombo kunye neenkqubo eziphuhlisiwe ziya kukhululeka ngemisebenzi kunye namakhono awafunwayo kulo mba. Ukongezelela, phawula ukungaphumeleli ngokwemimiselo yokwabiwa kwememori. Nangona kunjalo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba iimbono zabanye, inani labahleli be-OOP likhula rhoqo, kwaye iilwimi ngokwabo zikhula ngokukhawuleza.