Yintoni viscosity? unit viscosity yokukala

Viscosity ichaza ubuchule zokufuma okanye iigesi ukwenza ukuxhathisa phakathi ihamba xa kuthelekiswa omnye kunokudala ulwelo (okuqinileyo) imizimba. Oko kukuthi, eli xabiso ingqamana amandla zochuku lwangaphakathi (elide IsiNgesi: viscosity), livela ukuhanjiswa gesi okanye engamanzi. Kuba imizimba ezahlukeneyo kuya kuba ezahlukeneyo, njengoko kuxhomekeke kwisimo. Umzekelo, amanzi abe viscosity aphantsi xa kuthelekiswa kunye nobusi, viscosity eziphezulu kakhulu. Usukuzwano yangaphakathi okanye fluidity eqinileyo (bulk) izinto ezibonakala iimpawu rheological.

viscosity gama livela kwisiLatini Viscum, ethetha okuhombisa. Oku kungenxa ntaka-lime, nto leyo yenziwa namaqunube okuhombisa, esetyenziselwa ubambisa iintaka. Ngcina lingcoliswa emthini neentaka ehleli phezu kwabo, baba lixhoba lula ngabantu.

Yintoni viscosity? Iiyunithi zemilinganiselo lweempawu uya kunikwa, njengoko kulisiko, kwinkqubo SI, kwakunye nezinye iiyunithi non-SI.

Isaac Newton 1687, ukuseka umthetho olusisiseko ukuhamba imizimba ulwelo kunye sukube: F = ƞ • {(v2 - v1) / (z2 - Z1)} • S. Kulo mzekelo, F - ungamandla (tangential) nebangela ukutshintshwa kweemaleko ezihambisekayo emzimbeni. Umlinganiselo (v2 - v1) / (z2 - Z1) ibonisa izinga sokutshintshwa ulwelo okanye igesi flow Velocity kwi inguqu ukusuka umaleko enye ukuya kwenye enokususwa. Kungenjalo eyaziwa ngokuba flow Velocity ithambeka okanye izinga shear. Ubukhulu S - ummandla (kwicandelo cross) uhuhamba yomzimba eshukumayo. Ƞ Le ukulingana into ngumlingani viscosity amakhulu kulo mzimba. Size, inguqu j yayo = 1 / ƞ, a fluidity. Force wazibhokoxa per unit ndawo (kwicandelo cross) loMthetho kwemali ibalwe ngokomgaqo wokubala: μ = F / S. Kuyinto ongowona okanye viscosity olutshintshayo. Iiyunithi zemilinganiselo kwinkqubo SI, oko ungaboniswa njengoko yesibini Pascal.

Le viscosity i iimpawu zomzimba-chemical ebalulekileyo kwezinto ezininzi. ixabiso layo ingqalelo kuyilo kunye nokusebenza eziyi- kunye nezixhobo apho kukho intshukumo (umz, ukuba zisetyenziselwa zokumpompa) leyonto ulwelo okanye sukube. Kusenokuba ioli, igesi kunye-iimveliso zabo, zeBlack otyhidiweyo okanye iglasi, njalo-njalo. Viscosity kwiimeko ezininzi iimpawu esemgangathweni intermediates kunye neemveliso yokugqibela ezahlukeneyo silwenza, ekubeni kuxhomekeke isakhiwo lwesiyobisi ubonisa physico-chemical imo zokufunda kunye notshintsho kwiteknoloji. Amaxesha amaninzi, ukuqikelela kwinkcaso deformation ukuba asebenzise okanye kokuphela obuluqilima kinematic viscosity, apho units units SI zibonakaliswa square metres ngomzuzu. viscosity Kinematic (zibonakaliswe yi ν) lulwahlulo le viscosity olutshintshayo (μ) ukuya lexinene fluid (ρ): V = μ / ρ.

viscosity Kinematic - a iimpawu physico-eekhemikhali umbandela, ebonisa amandla layo phantsi amanyathelo imikhosi omxhuzulane sixhathise ukuhamba.

I SI Iyunithi yomlinganiselo viscosity kinematic ingxelo njengoko m2 / s.

Xa CGS inkqubo viscosity ilinganiswa Stokes (St) okanye centistokes (cSt).

Phakathi kwezi iiyunithi zokulinganisela kukho ubudlelwane ilandelayo: Cm 1 = 10-4 m2 / s, ngoko 1 cSt = 10-2 Cm = 10-6 m2 / s = 1 mm2 / s. Kudla viscosity kinematic yenye iyunithi non-systemic zemilinganiselo - oku Engler degrees, apho transfer Stokes unako kwenziwa indlela reseach: v = 0,073oE - 0.063 / OE okanye kwetafile.

Ukuze ukuguqula viscosity enefuthe ngayo kwinkqubo iiyunithi zingasetyenziswa equation extrasystematic: 1 Pa • c = 10 poises. Yokuqhagamshela izixhobo kubhaliwe kwathiwa: AP

Ngokuqhelekileyo le iiyunithi kulawulwa fluid viscosity amaxwebhu olumisiweyo kwi igqityiwe (zorhwebo) imveliso okanye inkqubo iimfuno kwi interm kunye uluhlu owamkelekileyo ukutshintshatshintsha yale mpawu ezisemgangathweni, kunye ne impazamo yomlinganiselo.

Ukuze ubone viscosity phantsi elebhu okanye iimeko neyefektri viscometers ngemizobo ezahlukeneyo. Iiplastiki rotary, kunye nebhola, capillary, cuke. Umgaqo yokulinganisa viscosity of a viscometer yeglasi capillary esekelwe ekumiseleni ixesha wokuphelelwa kolwelo ngokusebenzisa capillary ityhubhu ukukala le enobubanzi ethile kunye nobude, lo lomgadi viscometer kufuneka ingqalelo. Ukususela viscosity ye umbandela kuxhomekeke lobushushu (kunye ukwandisa nayo iza kuncipha ngenxa kwithiyori molekyuli kwikinetiki ngenxa ukukhawulezisa sesindululo random kunye impefumlelwano iimolekyuli), ukuze uvavanyo isampulu kufuneka egcinelwe ixesha elithile kwiqondo elithile ngenxa avareji i yokugqibela kulo umthamo isampulu. Kukho iindlela ezininzi test viscosity standardised, kodwa ixhaphakileyo - nto interstate standard GOST 33-2000, apho aya kuthi kusekelwe phezu viscosity kinematic, iiyunithi kulo mzekelo mm2 / s (cSt), kunye viscosity okuhambisa zibalwe ngokutsha njengoko imveliso viscosity kinematic yi lexinene.