Yintoni ukubona e Tula? Iihambo e Tula. Tula Museum

Tula ngomnye imizi yamandulo yaseRashiya. Le dolophu yavela kumazwe omiweyo yi kwisizwe Slavic Vyatichi. Kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi kwesi sixeko iziko ebaluleke kakhulu yezolawulo, mveliso kunye nezorhwebo. Oku kuhlangene ne zeziganeko zembali ukuba neziphumo yokumanya onke amazwe Russian phantsi kwegunya eMoscow.

I zokuhlala yokuqala

Umhla ngqo loseko yesixeko zitshone zisabonakala, kodwa okokuqala Kwazeka oko ukusuka yemihla ezinxulumene 1146. Modern Tula iqhele ngezantsi zokuhlala yokuqala. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, abemi esondela ukuya kwindawo apho umlambo kungena Tulitsa Upa. Apha abathetheli Chernigov sagqiba ukwakha inqaba oki, waza wayibiza ngokuba Tula.

uphuhliso

Inqaba lithathe indawo indawo ebalulekileyo enobuqhinga kwaye ibekwe emphethweni wasezantsi wathabathela kuphela ukwenza isimo Russian. Le nqaba ngokuphindaphindiweyo udlule isandla ngesandla. Yena wasinda ayehlasela Batu ngo-1237 no Tokhtamysh ngo-1382, kwakunye ngokuthi ukudliwa eziliqela Nogai kunye iCrimea nangezinto. Kukho nokuba ixesha ukutyelela abahlaseli Lithuanian! Tula Kuphela ngo 1503 ekugqibeleni wemka eMoscow ukubusa.

Ngo-1514 i-Prince of Moscow Vasily III oki nqaba wathi makhe bakhutshelwe isixeko ilitye, oko kukuthi i-yesicelo. Ukwakhiwa yagqitywa kwiminyaka emi-6. Ukususela ngelo xesha, Tula waba umgca lokuziphendulela, ukukhusela iindlela kumazantsi eMoscow. Kamva, kwinkulungwane XVII, esi sixeko sele inkampu kakuhle enqatyisiweyo zomkhosi oluthembekileyo, usoloko ekulungele yokugxotha ukuhlaselwa lutshaba.

Tula inqaba bekusoloko noko exineneyo yakhiwe kwaye abantu, nabo bonke ngenxa yokuba ngecala lasentshonalanga sele ibekwe kwimarike, leyo waqhuba urhwebo kubethwa ngumoya. yezandla ngokukhawuleza ekuphuhliseni aba ukuqinisekisa iimfuno zabahlali kunye neemfuno zokhuselo karhulumente. Ukususela ukwakhiwa ilitye yesicelo Tula yaba liziko komgca ebalulekileyo zokhuselo, ilinde iindlela kumzantsi ukuya ikomkhulu Grand Duchy of eMoscow.

ihlele

Esi sixeko zithandwa kakhulu kunye nabakhenkethi, kuba sele elidlulileyo osisityebi nembali. Yena na onokumxelela ezininzi izibakala umdla ukuyilwa karhulumente Russian nasisihlo bezandla, ngoko iindwendwe kufuneka sijonge kwi kaPytheas.

Ungaya nje uhambo niwujikeleze umzi, kodwa kuya kuba bhetele ukuba asebenzise iinkonzo kwabakhokeli zobungcali. Iindawo ezinika umdla inikeza ukhenketho umdla ye iThule nje kuphela abantu abadala, kodwa kananjalo abantwana besikolo. iimyuziyam ezininzi kunye nemithombo ezidadayo engaqhelekanga bazakuyivuyela wena kunye nabantwana bakho.

olondolozo lwembali

Ngenxa elidlulileyo abatyebileyo umzi, wabakhenkethi nabantu balapha Kuluvuyo olukhulu tyelela iimyuziyam ze Tula kunye nezinye ezinika yayo. Kuya kuba umdla ukufunda kwimbali uphuhliso lwesizwe, lo uju odumileyo, gingerbread eziprintiweyo, okanye malunga mveliso eRashiya ukubaleka kwimveliso harmonicas kunye accordions.

Enye idumileyo ke Tula Museum of Arts Fine. It has amasebe ezininzi: Tula yesicelo, kumboniso elungiselelwe umsebenzi wegcisa P. N. Krylova, Spassky kunye neHolo Exhibition.

Tula inqaba

Ethandwa kakhulu phakathi iindwendwe bafumana nje iShushan ilitye, nto leyo akumangalisi, kuba uye kuphela zembali, kodwa ubuhle ukubaluleka umzi nangenxa lonke elo lizwe.

Tula yesicelo - kukho inkoloseko rhoqo, nto leyo oqingqiweyo yamandulo lwezakhiwo wokhuselo Russian. Le iquka indawo yoxande ndawo yi hectares 6. Sakhiwe kujikelezo kweendonga abe ubude malunga 1 km.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, le lomculo Tula yesicelo iqulathe kuphela ezinde kunye neendonga. Oku kuquka icawa ezimbini - i Epiphany kwingcinga oyiNgcwele, kwakunye arcade evenkileni senkulungwane XIX kunye isikhululo samandla lokuqala Russia XX leminyaka.

Guides zinika i uhambo olumangalisayo ngokusebenzisa lomculo bokwakha, ngexesha efudumeleyo, ungaya nge ezinde kunye neendonga inqaba, ungabona ndawo enkulu yesixeko kuyo.

Ukususela kunyaka nonyaka kukho imiboniso unique - abahlali Tula kunye nabatyeleli ungabona izixhobo ze isohlwayo olwalukho lizwe ukususela kwinkulungwane XVI. Ezi ziquka exposure ezinxulumene imbali ukwakha inqaba, amabali abadumile Tula and more.

Art umbukiso

Abahlali kunye nabatyeleli akayi kubashiya xa ebona lwembali emininzi Tula. Omnye wabo unikezelwa Mfanekiso Porfiriya Nikiticha Krylova, inzalelwane kulo mzi. I yesebe amaxwebhu malunga namawaka amabini zembali nezinto, kwakunye imizobo ngaphezu kwamakhulu amabini ekule umculi.

Kwinkcazelo myuziyam ngokucacileyo adlulisele kwisigaba ngasinye kubomi senkosi abanetalente. Apha akusayi kufumana naziphi cartoons okanye caricatures, nangona wayelilungu trio edume cartoonists "Kukryniksy". imisebenzi le womzobi thaca apha iquka zabantu kodwa lifes, indawo ekhethekileyo umsebenzi wakhe eyayinikelwe landscape. Oku kuyaqondakala, kuba ilizwe lokuzalwa for Porfiriya Nikiticha yaba Tula, sanikwa panorama ezintle yaye ufuna ukwambatha ngelaphu.

Lo mboniso umdla abantu abadala kuphela. Ukuba ugqiba ekubeni uhambe kukhenketho kwalo mzi samandulo, ukuthatha abantwana babo nabo - baya kuyenza. Kubo, sibanjwe iindidi ngeendidi zemisebenzi, ezifana iintetho ukonwabisa, kuquka "Molo, imyuziyam" ekuseni zomculo njalo njalo. N. A liqela emangalisayo uya kusoloko kufumana into ukuba ukukholisa kunye kusimangalise abantwana kunye nabazali babo.

gunsmiths emzini

Njengoko yaziwa, Tula Museum umdla kakhulu kwaye ulwazi. Abakhenkethi ngobuninzi ukuza kulo mzi, zama ukutyelela abaninzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Enye yezi inkcubeko ke odumileyo Tula State Museum of Izixhobo, apho inzuzo ukuchitha ixesha lakho nje kuphela abantu abadala, kodwa abantwana. Kholwani ndim, kukho into ukuze ubone. E Tula kudala inxaxheba kuphuhliso kunye nokuveliswa kwezixhobo. Iihambo abatyeleli zingqina ukubaluleka kakhulu zemveliso ezingalweni ekubunjweni imbali enkulu Russia.

Ngokomzekelo, xa kwacaca ukuba eSoviet Union kuba wayeza kukwazi ukunqanda imfazwe eJamani, injineli GS Shpagin waqala ukwakha isixhobo esitsha i-Red Army 1940 ekuqaleni. Tula baqala ukuphuhlisa ukuvelisa kwifektri gun submachine imodeli yayo entsha - edume PCA.

Umboniso ebanzi, kuboniswa umboniso free yenza abatyeleli ulwazi ngokupheleleyo kuphuhliso izixhobo, ukususela kwinkulungwane XVI namhlanje. Le myuziyam ibandakanya ingqokelela iisampulu yokulwa dulnozaryadnogo, oluzenzekelayo, ezemidlalo, ezingela kunye nezinye izixhobo. Ukongeza, kukho kwakhona yingqokelela enkulu Minti, equlethe zenkolo kunye iimbasa nezikhumbuzo, amabhaso karhulumente kunye iibheji.

Kubalulekile kananjalo isiseko kunye namaxwebhu lwembali zenja. ubuncinane Hayi kuthatha ingqokelela graphic - ukuzoba izixhobo oluzenzekelayo kunye nomzobo yomhombiso wakhe. Ngaphezu kubo ezifana amagcisa ezaziwayo-kakuhle njengoko I. V. Scherbino kunye V. P. Gustov. Kuba print iincwadi ziquka iimagazini afumaneka kwi iingalo mveliso ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XIX: ". Nkosi lokuqokelelwa" "zokudubula Journal" yaye Kwakhona iquka iincwadi kwizihloko yembali malunga izixhobo kunye nemityikityo ze gunsmiths odumileyo N. F. Tokareva kunye M. T. Kalashnikova.

A Inani lamaxabiso zembali ivale ingqokelela zokudubula. It imelwe iisampulu gun umphanda engundoqo, nayo leyo nebangela omkhulu umdla kwaye yenza kwahlala njalo iindwendwe myuziyam.

Museum "Necropolis Demidov kaThixo"

Ukuthetha ngento ukubona e Tula, akunakwenzeka ukuba ukukhumbula Demidov, abaziwa ngokuba yaka mveliso emikhulu. Xa intsapho yabo amagqwetha, amajoni, ababhali, iimvumi, gunsmiths, oosonzululwazi, abaququzeleli bentlalo-ntle kunye ngabancedi nje. Demidov wahamba kulo lonke ihlabathi, baqokelela kwakudala kunye nemisebenzi yobugcisa.

In memory of the ubukhosi ngo-1996, ukuze bakhumbule iminyaka 340 ukususela ekuzalweni Tula mkhandi kunye gunsmith ND Demidov wakha imyuziyam zembali-enkumbulo "Necropolis Demidov kaThixo". Isisekelo sayo ingcwaba zamanyange, ibekwe i Nicholas-Zaretsky Church.

Kwinkcazelo myuziyam ibandakanya site ekhethekileyo zakudala engcwabeni. Lafumana umfanekiso eyodwa abameli usapho Demidov, iisampuli iingalo XVI-XVIII iinkulungwane, neempahla zobhedu namacephe kwinkulungwane XVIII, izinto ezingaqhelekanga lelanga okuloba hardware lock- kwaye enye izinto ezindala ngeenkwenkwezi - le Iastrolabe. Zonke ezi zinto kwi imyuziyam "Necropolis Demidov kaThixo" kwaye ubuze ukuba zihlolwe.

Samovar kunye nembali kwemveliso yawo

Enye imizi umdla kubakhenkethi njalo uhlala Tula. Samovar eRashiya kule mini linxulunyaniswa mzi, njengoko bekusoloko kukho ukwenza amacebo akhe okusemandleni. Akumangalisi ukuba kukho imyuziyam "Tula samovar". injongo yakhe - ukubonisa iindwendwe imbali yale mzekelo, kwakunye ukubonisa ngokwemiqathango zobugcisa.

Lo mboniso myuziyam iquka ingqokelela imiboniso 300 thaca style lwembali ngemihla. Umzekelo, i-samovar A. Yu Parichko kunye ijagi kumphati iSibasi ezinqabileyo ezithengiswa Russian okanye ingqokelela abucala, kodwa imyuziyam "Tula samovar" ubophelelekile ukuba ukufumana ikopi. Nantsi isampulu ngolokuqala Eyona yaMandulo Tula factory Lisitsyns 1800.

Apha nabakhenkethi baza kufumana samovars ezincinane ukusuka izinto ezininzi ezingalindelekanga: iglasi, imveliso yephondo, eziethe, iinkuni, udongwe, ixolo kunye neswekile. Izikhokelo Museum ngokuqinisekileyo uya kubonisa iindwendwe ezinye iintlobo vodogreek: samovar-coffee imbiza, lo samovar, sbytennyk kunye nemizekelo unique eSoviet Union. isayizi yazo nayo ibalulekile. Le yimyuziyam njenge Buffet semidesyatilitrovye enkulu kunye samovars ezincinane ibalwe nje ezintathu amathontsi amanzi.

Tula gingerbread

Ethetha Tula, akunakwenzeka ukuba ukukhumbula ihlabathi odumileyo Tula gingerbread. Imbeko yale uju esixekweni wasungula imyuziyam kwegama elifanayo. Emva kokutyelela apha, iindwendwe kuya kufunda ngembali yemini yokulungiselela iilekese okumnandi, izithethe zayo ubudala ubudala kunye nezithethe. Iindonga museum ubambe iimfihlelo ezininzi, kuquka ukuba silwe, zemveli ngenxa yale ndawo gingerbread njani. Tula, ngasendleleni, ebesoloko idume iziyolo zayo angaqhelekanga. Mdala kubo behle beze namhlanje, oko zilungisiwe 1685.

Ngenxa ukutyelela lwembali, uya kufunda malunga iziganeko kwimbali Russia, yaye ngokukodwa, malunga umzi kunye negama elihle Tula. Yintoni ukujonga abantwana? Phendula lo mbuzo ilula kakhulu - imyuziyam "Tula gingerbread". Baya kuba nomdla kakhulu kukuva ngale izinto ezithandwayo womoji-zonka, khangela le mifanekiso gingerbread ehlekisayo.

Ukongeza, ukuba uyakholiswa iindwendwe abatsha ekupheleni olukhenketho wonke uyamenywa ukuba iti womnqatha nokungcamlwa. Kananjalo apha unako ukuthenga zonke iindidi zeziphiwo okunencasa, ezifana wokubulisa, uzukile, oko kukuthi, zembali okanye iholide.

imithombo

Ukuba uza kuphumla kunye nabantwana ngexesha eshushu, qiniseka ukuba atyelele imithombo Tula. Kwisixeko kukho malunga amane. Abasithoba kubo ngoku zisakhiwa.

Ethandwa kakhulu ezimbili ezidadayo emthonjeni, leyo kwi Upa River e Zarechensky kwebhulorho. Bona zibekwe kumgama omnye komnye ukuze ingabonwa kuphela ukuhamba ngapha ibhulorho okanye emlanjeni, kodwa iingcango Tula State Museum of Izixhobo. imithombo thaca kukuhlanza Jets amanzi ukuya ukuphakama kuyimitha ezintathu ngaphezu komhlaba lomlambo. imithombo efana inokufumaneka kwiindawo kuphela alishumi Russian Federation.

Tula - ubudala efanayo eMoscow. Kungenxa yoko le nto ziya kubakho izinto ezininzi ezinomdla. Ngoko ke, yintoni? Ukongezelela Tula Museum uye ezikhumbuzo zembali ngokuzinikela okukhulu abantu, iitempile ezininzi yamandulo nkqu necropolis. Ukongeza, uza kufumana ithuba lokuba ukuzama ikeyiki ngokwenene. Tula usoloko wonwabile ukufumana iindwendwe. Wonke Russian kufuneka baqonde ukuba ukuba baphumle elungileyo, akukho mfuneko hamba uye elwandle amazwe le iiholide, ngokuba eRashiya kukho iindawo ezimangalisayo bafanelwe ingqalelo yakho.