House yasekelwa. Kukuphi na okulunge ngakumbi: House yasekelwa ngomthi okanye ujije?

Kweli hlabathi phantse naliphi na ilizwe uyakwazi ukufumana indlu phezu. Kwamanye amazwe kangangeenkulungwane ukwakha izindlu iinkuni zomthi, wemba nkqo emhlabeni. Le buchwepheshe ivumela ukuba ukwakha indlu nkqu phezu kwamanzi. Kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje, akukho namnye wamangaliswa indlu yasekelwa, ezenziwe eziphathekayo. Xa zokwakha mihla revolution eyayibhidisa emva lukhanyiso ukwakha izakhiwo baqalisa ukusebenzisa zitsho iqhosha lemenyu.

Overview

House yasekelwa - isisombululo ngokugqibeleleyo ingxaki yokwakha, apho umhlaba ezingafanelekanga iziseko strip monolithic. Kuyenzeka ukuba ukwakha kwiindawo ezi mpawu zilandelayo:

• ne imbonakalo wadalwa ngaphambili;

• nge ntlango enzima;

• ngamanzi phezulu komhlaba;

• apho kunzima ukwenza umsebenzi zokumba;

• kwiindawo kwinqanaba enzulu yovalo lomhlaba.

Ukwakhiwa kwezindlu yasekelwa ethandwa kakhulu namhlanje, kodwa ingakumbi ithandwayo lisekela zesinyithi, nto leyo ebangela nkqi ukwakha izindlu encinane ngezandla zabo. Izinto eziluncedo ze izakhiwo ezinjalo;

• Gcina ixesha neendleko lokwakha;

• amathuba umsebenzi kwimihlaba ingxaki;

• Akukho mfuneko yokuba songqamaniso umhlaba;

• ithuba ngokwakha izakhiwo yamaplanga kwingca, kumathambeka kufutshane nemithi;

• unqwabelana eliphezulu ukukhusela indlu evela namabuzi;

• ngexesha ekhaya ziimpuphuma biyela ayaphola kunokwenzeka;

• ukusetyenziswa yezikhala eziphakamileyo kuvumela ukusetyenziswa komhlaba, ibekwe phantsi endlwini iimoto yokupaka, ikhitshi ehlotyeni kudlalwa.

House yasekelwa yeplanga

Nangona kukho inkqubela yakutshanje ekwakhiweni ezinye iindlela zakudala izakhiwo yokwakha sele isetyenziswe ngempumelelo unanamhla. House yasekelwa eyenziwe ngomthi - le yindlela eqhelekileyo sokwakha, kuthandwa kumazwe amaninzi. Kwaye eRashiya kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi izindlu ngomthi owakhiwa logs kweenkuni. "Izitulo" kudla ngokuthiwa. Kuba ufumba ezinjalo umboko kusetyenziswa ezo Ngumthi abe nobomi inkonzo ende. Ezi ziquka pine, um-oki, larch. Le ubuncinane ezinjalo "izitulo 'ukuba ukudala isiseko esiqinileyo yi-20 cm uya kuba mkhulu kunaye -. The ngcono. Ukuze wenze bude ubomi yezikhala yamaplanga lomlilo aphathwe - atshiswe. Elizweni iinkuni elibharhileyo kakubi ukubola, evumela ukuba ukwakha izakhiwo kunye ubomi inkonzo iminyaka emininzi (ubuncinane iminyaka emi-30). Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, unyango yezikhala umlilo idla indawo ukumitha kunye ebulala ezizodwa okanye ngetha obmazyvaniem.

Ngenxa yokuba market namhlanje kukho inani elaneleyo olukhoyo ophezulu-mfumba, ezenziwe ngentsimbi, ukwakhiwa kwezindlu usebenzisa imithi ingena kwisiqalo. Amaninzi ukuba zisetyenziselwa isakhelo leeholide okanye izakhiwo ngamaplanga.

House yasekelwa, ifoto yakhe phezu kwentloko, kuya kufuna ukuba umba imigodi amahle nzulu ngaphantsi logs. Ubunzulu lincinane instillation zitsho yeplanga yi-1.25 m. Bona kufuneka abut ngokuchasene icandelo bar cm 10x20 kunye nobude 40-50 cm. Zitsho zomthi ibekwe kuzo zonke iimbombo lwesakhiwo kwaye ibekwe ecaleni kwebala (kunye umgama okwisithuba seemitha 1-2). emigodini ukugcwalisa umaleko imveliso ye-20 cm. ngamnye kubo uyagangatheka ngononophelo. Umphezulu 30-40 cm yokuzalisa wenza ngokusebenzisa inyengane eluthulini entle okanye luhlalu.

Ezingeloncedo yezikhala yeplanga

Ngaphandle kwayo, amathumba ngomthi kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukulahlekelwa ngaphandle. Oku kungenxa yokuba izinto ezinjalo;

• ukuntsonkotha womthi instillation;

• imfuno processing eyongezelelweyo lwemithi;

impilo elide • imfumba amancinane xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iimveliso yale hlobo;

• hamba ezinamaxabiso izinto zokwakha uqhagamshelwano lwetshiphu emsebenzi-zobugcisa;

• Ixabiso eliphezulu iinkuni ezikumgangatho ophezulu.

Screw igoqo-isisekelo

Iziseko, wakha ngoncedo yezikhala esijijwayo, kudala ezisetyenziselwa ukwakha izakhiwo zomkhosi. Le ke kungcono ligxininise ngenxa yokuba uyilo lwabo ivumela ukwakha inkxaso enokuthenjwa ukuze ezahlukeneyo izakhiwo ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Phesheya, lo ubugcisa bale mihla yokwakha izindlu iziseko imfumba kahle eminyaka eyadlulayo. Isetyenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwezindlu, izakhiwo basezifama, ngokunjalo namaziko mveliso ezahlukeneyo.

ERashiya, ezi zizathu kudala sele isetyenziswe kuphela ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ukukhanya njengeemfumba esijijwayo, i ekhoyo ukuthengisa, ebonakala ngu umthwalo ukuthwala eliphantsi. Kutsha nje ziye iintlobo mihla leepali sisinyithi ukwenza umda izixhobo zokwakha loo banzi kakhulu apho.

Qho ngonyaka isiseko sendlu yasekelwa owakha liyanda inani baseRashiya. Oku kungenxa kuphuculo lomgangatho izixhobo zokwakha kunye nexabiso layo lwentando yesininzi. House phezu kwemoto esijijwayo, ukubuyekeza apho uninzi womniniyo kuphela HIV kunokuba uhombiso nawuphi na sebali. Amaninzi oko - isakhiwo ukukhanya eyenziwe ngomthi. Ngokuba lo hlobo attribute kunye isakhelo izindlu, izakhiwo kunye nezinye izinto zokwakha akuyi kuba nzima. Screw unqwabelana zisetyenziselwa zokudlala isixhobo, amachibi, ama, iingcingo, gazebos, zokugcina, masimu.

ulwazi jikelele phezu kwemoto iqhosha lemenyu

unqwabelana Screw phantsi isakhiwo - le nto iphambili isiseko. Bamele umbhobho sentsimbi, esinobukhulu otyhidiweyo apho - ubuncinane 4 mm. Kwelinye icala elinye isiphathele Taper. Ekupheleni imfumba kubekwe litha ukusika apho inkxaso kwiglasana ebethelelwa emhlabeni. Abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba kusetyenziswe izinto ezinjalo kufuna ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezizodwa. Enyanisweni, imilo ifanelekileyo ngamaphiko kuvumela zitsho Screw ziqinisiwe ukuba imikhosi ubunzulu elifunekayo abasebenzi 3-4.

Kuba kwakhiwa bezinto kunye umahluko ekuphakameni okanye ubukho kwemithwalo osecaleni zitsho eyahlukeneyo asetyenziswa, ukuba iincakuba ezimbini. Le kuyilo unika isiseko i ukuthembeka olongezelelweyo. Ububanzi Screw unqwabelana iincakuba kuyahlukana kuluhlu 200-850 mm. Iintsika ngokwabo ububanzi of 50-350 mm. Ubude yamakariti Screw kunokuba 2-11 m. On efumanekileyo kuphela ezibuhlazarha, kodwa yonke loo mfumba.

Izinto eziluncedo yezikhala iqhosha lemenyu

Nabani na owakhe indlu phezu, ncomo kubo amagqabi becala HIV. Izinto eziluncedo eziphambili kwezi ngezinto zokwakha:

• ukukwazi ukuba ukuphinda-ukusetyenziswa ngenxa ukususwa lula ngaphandle umonakalo;

• Akukho mfuneko ukwenza enkulu yokwemba;

• ukuba nokwenzeka ukwakhiwa kwezindlu kwiindawo mobile waphuphuma;

• Isantya ukwakhiwa isiseko;

• kokuqala kokwakhiwa isakhiwo ngoko nangoko emva kwasekusekweni device;

• ithuba ukusebenzisa ukuze kwakhiwe izakhiwo ezahlukeneyo;

• ubomi ngenkonzo ende kwiminyaka engaphezu kwe-100;

• Iindleko ezamkelekileyo, nto leyo phantse izihlandlo ezithathu ngaphantsi kwe ixabiso kwisiseko tape;

• Ukungabikho inkunkuma yokwakha kwisiza;

• ukukwazi ukuba atshintshe okanye alungise isiseko.

Ngenxa imfumba kwindawo eyiyo iincakuba nkqo ezijikeleze xa kwiglasana ebethelelwa apha emhlabeni akukho begqobhozile. Ebizwa amandla izinto ezinjalo kwi uluhlu 5-25 m. Kuba zokwakha ekhethiweyo ferrules imfumba ingxubevange. Ukutyabeka yokhuselo ezinjalo exhasa best kwenziwa zisekelwe nentlaka lyu. unqwabelana oluthembeke kakhulu iqaqanjiswa, ukukhuselwa wawutyabeka ngaphandle nangaphakathi.

Iindleko isiseko iibheringi Screw kuxhomekeke kubungakanani bendlu yeenkuku. Ngoko ke, umzekelo, indawo ukwakhiwa 6x6 m iya kuxabisa 1-1,2 amawaka eerandi, kunye 9x12 m -. Ngo-3-3.3 amawaka.

Ezingeloncedo yezikhala iqhosha lemenyu

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba ezingalunganga zezi izinto zokwakha nto incinane, aziyi ndawo. Abo owakha indlu phezu, kwi ukubuyekeza kwabo nangasekhohlo becala HIV. Phakathi kusilela zixhaphakileyo, uninzi abaphuhlisi ukumkhulula:

• ukungakwazi ukusebenzisa kwimihlaba anamatye okanye indawo;

• deformation isiseko, xa sukuba iteknoloji device kunokwenzeka. Oku kwenzeka ngexesha njengeemfumba kokujikeleza ayenziwa xa ukulungisa isikhundla sabo, kuqhina akuzange kwenziwe ngendlela eyiyo, izikrufu babulawa okanye efakwe kwi emhadini ogrunjiweyo;

• ukunqamka komhlaba, nto leyo ngenxa kwindawo lokuhlolwa amahlwempu;

• nokumelana xa zitsho i umhlwa bume ihlwempu;

• ukungakwazi yokwakha izindlu ezinkulu kunye nokusetyenziswa izinto zokwakha enzima.

Ezahlukeneyo lweeprojekthi isiseko esijijwayo igoqo

Kukho iinketho ezininzi iiprojekthi iziseko ezinjalo. Bona ezikhethiweyo kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lomhlaba kunye ikhaya elizayo kwisiza. Yeyona ixhaphakileyo lweeprojekthi iziseko:

• unqwabelana eyodwa exhasa isakhiwo eziqalelo nganye esetyenzisiweyo xa ezikhoyo izakhiwo ukwenza ukwandiswa encinane;

• isiseko umgangatho, leyo nakhelwe phantsi iimpawu eziphambili besakhiwo;

• imfumba tape, ezilahlwayo phantsi zonke iindonga zendlu;

• ifildi igoqo ezifunekayo ekwakhiweni ongaphantsi phantsi zokwakha ezinzima.

Ukwakhiwa kwezindlu ngezikhonkwane mfumba-Ground

House phezu kwemoto Screw ezakhiwe kwizigaba ezininzi:

1. Umthuthi ukudala isakhiwo lweprojekthi kunye nokubalwa inani ngezikhonkwane. Amaninzi phantsi isakhelo kunye nezindlu ngomthi bakhetha zitsho enobubanzi ka-108 mm. Kuba izakhiwo ezincinane nga ngezikhonkwane ezincinane ukuba kuya kongela imali ekhethiweyo. Xa kubalwa inani elifunekayo yezikhala kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba xa badla wabeka isiseko ixhasa ukuthembeka ngokoqobo ayinyuki, kodwa kuphula ixabiso layo. Enye imfumba emva kokuba ugalele concrete uqhekeke amandla ka-5-9 m, ukuze umgama phakathi kwabo ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo benqwanqwa m inokuba 3-5. Inani izibonda yaligqiba izakhiwo zokwakha okanye ezinemigangatho emibini usebenzisa izinto nzima. Ukunyusa ukuthembeka esijijwayo mfumba-isiseko umthamo wayo umthwalo-obuvelisa linyuke 25-30%.

2. Iveliswe lwebhodi yezitshixo kunye nokulungiselela sayithi.

3. isiseko Uhlobo ezikhethiweyo ngokuxhomekeke ubunzima isakhiwo phantsi kusakhiwa, uhlobo lomhlaba kunye nobunzulu yovalo yayo. Qala ukwakhiwa isifundo geodesic umhlaba. Kuyimfuneko ukuba indawo komhlaba kwaye izaleko zomhlaba ezingatshiyo.

4. unqwabelana ke ziqinisiwe emhlabeni eveliswe iilebhile. Kummandla Screw ukugangatheka kwenzeka, uphucula ngamandla isiseko. Ezi imisebenzi enokwenziwa ngayo nayiphi na imozulu. Igoqo ziqinisiwe ubuncinane abasebenzi 3: omnye iqwalasela inqanaba inkxaso, kunye nezinye ezimbini ziqinisiwe kwi uphawu oyifunayo. Ixhasa bahlabeka kumgangatho ofanayo bazizalisa ngekhonkrithi. Iwela ityhubhu igoqo ukuba kudandalazisa imfumba kwaye uthintele ngesinyithi. Emva kokuba eziphathekayo lukhuni, uyaqhubeka weld ukuya kwincam inkxaso yesinyithi.

5. Kuyimfuneko ukwenza zitsho igiza ukuba babele ngokulungelelana uphethe umthwalo. Amaninzi into eyenziwe irubhrikhi. Inxalenye engentla isiseko ebizwa ngokuba isihlenga. It ukuphinda umthwalo ethwele izinto zezakhiwo.

6. Ukufudumala-Screw imfumba isiseko ayifuneki njengoko inxulumene uhlobo umoya. Ngamanye amaxesha ukuvelisa yokugquma isihlenga lesiseko, kodwa kuvela imisebenzi wabulawa ngokungachanekanga ukufuma, oko kubonakala yonke sakhiwo. Kungcono ukuba shushu ukugcina ubushushu endlwini ukwenza umgangatho wendlu.

7. Xa isiseko imfumba elungisiweyo wamisa isakhelo okanye izindlu zomthi.

8. Cap isisekelo wenze iziqhoboshelo.

Yindlu enjani na phezu ukhetha?

Uhlaziya iingenelo neengozi ngokhetho kwalo mthetho okanye loo hlobo lwenkxaso, singatsho kakuhle ukuba ngaphezulu imfumba-helical isiseko mihla ngaphezu ngamaplanga. It ukugqitha yokugqibela yi zobugcisa nje kuphela, kodwa kwindlela yokusebenza koqoqosho kunye nabasebenzi-kakhulu. Ngaphezu koko, iyahlala yalo elide kakhulu iinqaba inkonzo yenziwe logs.