Yintoni TCP-IP protocol

Intsebenziswano phakathi kwee computer kwi Internet lwenziwa ngendlela iiprotokoli womnatha okumisele uluhlu ecacileyo imithetho ethile njengako apho izixhobo ezahlukeneyo ukudluliselwa data abelane ngolwazi. Kukho Izivumelwano ukufomata idata isantya transmission, impazamo-lokukhangela, kwaye ezinye iprotocol. Uqhakamshelwano jikelele ezininzi eziqhele ukusetyenziswa TCP-IP protocol.

Yintoni na le iteknoloji? Igama le Internet protocol TCP-IP uvela ezimbini iprotocol womnatha: TCP and IP. Kakade ke, imithetho elandelwayo zibini ayiphelelanga ukwakhiwa uthungelwano, kodwa ezisisiseko ukuba kumayelana umbutho le data. Enyanisweni, TCP-IP kuyinto isethi iiprotokoli evumela uthungelwano ngamnye ezidityanisiweyo ukwenza uthungelwano lwehlabathi.

Protocol TCP-IP, ukuxelwa kwalo akunakwenzeka ukuba ityumbe kuphela IP ethile kunye TCP, ikwaquka iiprotokoli UDP, SMTP, ICMP, FTP, Telnet, kwaye ngaphezulu. Ezi kunye nezinye kwiiprothokholi zeTCP-IP zinika umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu kwi Internet.

Apha ngezantsi kunikwe inkcazo eneenkcukacha protocol nganye, kukho inxalenye ingqiqo jikelele TCP-IP.

• Internet Protocol (IP) linoxanduva ukosuleleka ngqo kolwazi kwi network. Ulwazi yahlulwe (ngamanye amagama, iipakethi) kunye ezosulela ukusuka umthumeli kumamkeli. Kuba idilesi ngqo ufuna ukukhankanya idilesi ngqo okanye indawo kumamkeli. Ezi dilesi iqanjwa bytes zine, yahlukanisiwe ukusuka kwenye nenye amaxesha. Idilesi ye computer nganye yahlukile.

Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa omnye kuphela IP-protocol inokuba lungonelanga ukulungisa data, kuba umthamo uninzi ulwazi wathuma ezingaphezu kwama-1,500 ukuba ngeke ilingane ephaketheni enye kwaye ezinye iipakethi zingalahleka ngexesha ukudluliselwa okanye ithunyelwe ngendlela engalunganga, into efunekayo.

• iProtokholi yoLawulo loDluliselo (TCP) lusetyenziswa kwinqanaba eliphezulu kunalowo yangaphambili. Ngokusekelwe uyakwazi IP-protocol ukudlulisa ulwazi ukusuka node omnye komnye, TCP-protocol ikuvumela ukuba ukudlulisela ulwazi oluninzi. TCP likwanoxanduva zempefumlelwano ngolwazi ezosulela kumalungu ezahlukeneyo - iipakethi - kunye nokufunyanwa olufanelekileyo iipakethi data efunyenwe emva kokuba usulelo. Kulo mzekelo, lo protocol retransmits ngokuzenzekelayo iipakethi eziqulathe iimpazamo.

ukuLawulwa lombutho imithamo ezinkulu enokwenziwa ngokusebenzisa uthotho iprotocol ukuba babe ukusebenza ekhethekileyo. Ngokukodwa, ezi ndidi zilandelayo TCP-protocol.

1. FTP (iProtokholi yokuGqithisela iFayile) ifayili acwangcise kwaye esetyenziswa ukudlulisa ulwazi phakathi kwiindawo ezimbini Internet usebenzisa TCP-unxibelelwano kwi yebhayinari okanye ifayile itekisi elula njengommandla igama kwimemori computer. Akukhathaliseki apho zicwangciswe iiyunithi data yaye zombini ezihambelanayo.

2. User Datagram Protocol okanye Umsebenzisi Datagram Protocol, izimele unxulumano, ukuba adlulisele iipakethi data, leyo ibizwa ngokuba UDP-datagrams. Nangona kunjalo, lo protocol ayikho robust njengoko TCP, kuba poisoner akazamkeli data ukuba iphakheji okunene sifunyenwe.

3. ICMP (yoLawulo iProtokholi yoFikelelo kwiMiyalezo ye-Intanethi) ikhona ukuze adlulisele imiyalezo yemposiso iboniwe ngexesha exchange data kwi Internet. Noko ke, ingxelo ICMP-kuphela protocol iimpazamo, kodwa aluyiphelisi unobangela ezakhokelela ezi iimpazamo.

4. Telnet - a Iprotocolo yomsebenzi womnatha esetyenziswa ukuphumeza ujongano itekisi kwinethiwekhi ngokusebenzisa izithuthi TCP.

5. SMTP (iProtokholi yokuGqithisela Simple Mail) - yinto ekhethekileyo unxibelelwano protocol zonxibelelwano ngekhompyutha ukuba ichaza kwifomathi imiyalezo ethunyelwa ukusuka kwenye ikhompyutha, ekuthiwa SMTP-umxhasi ukuya kwenye ikhompyutha elisebenzayo le SMTP-server. Ngapha koko, le zokudlulisela ukuba walibala kangangexesha elithile, okoko nje umsebenzi akuthethi isebenze zombini client kunye server.

transmission Data circuit ngokutsho TCP-IP protocol

1. TCP protocol iyahlula yonke umthamo zedatha iipakethi kunye neenombolo nabo ngokupakisha in TCP-kwimvulophu, nto leyo evumela ukuba ukubuyisela inkqubo ukuze bafumane inkcazelo. Xa ubeka i data kwi kule mvulophu kwenzeka checksum ukubala, nto leyo kubhalwa ngoko TCP-header.

2. Olunye zonke iipakethi protocol IP zisulelane ngqo kumamkeli.

3. Emva koko, usebenzisa i TCP protocol lukhangelwe ingaba zonke iipakethi ezifunyenweyo. Ukuba ngexesha ukwamkelwa kwakhona kubalwa checksum ayifani ne elibekiweyo kwimvulophu, oko kubonisa ukuba ulwazi ilahlekile okanye bonakaliswa transmission, TCP-IP protocol kwakhona icela ukuthunyelwa le phakheji. Kufuneka kwakhona nokuvuma ukufika idata ephuma kwisamkeli.

4. Zakuba zifikile zonke iipakethi TCP uzihlele ngokufanelekileyo kwaye kwakhona uhlanganisa zibe iyunithi enye.

TCP protocol isetyenziselwa retransmit data, le zokulinda (okanye lokuphuma), enika unikezelo ulwazi oluthembekileyo. Iipakethi yosulela kumacala omabini ngexesha elinye.

Ngenxa yoko, TCP-IP protocol akubikho mfuneko retransmission ulinde iinkqubo isicelo (ezifana Telnet kunye FTP).