Ukukhawuleza kwedluliselo kwedatha kwi-Intanethi

I-Intanethi ifike ngokulula kwaye ingenangqangi ebomini bendoda yanamhlanje ibe yinto ebalulekileyo kuyo. Inethwekhi unxibelelwano, umsebenzi, izinto ezithandwayo. Oku kuninzi ngoku idibene nayo. Ngoko ke, iindlela zokudibanisa kwi-intanethi ziphuhliswa, phakathi kwazo esinokuthetha nge-fibre-optic, i-coaxial cables, i-Wi-Fi ne-3G. Kule meko, izinga lokudluliswa kwedatha lixhomekeke kumboneleli kunye nomrhumo okhethiweyo. Indlela yokudibanisa kwiWebhu ibalulekile. Makhe siqwalasele ezinye zazo ngokubanzi.

Ngaphambi kokuba uthethe ngejubane apho idatha ingadluliselwa kwi-intanethi, kufuneka uqonde indlela ezi nkcukacha ngayo. Phakathi kweengcali ezibandakanya iteknoloji yecomputer, kunye nabasebenzisi-abasebenzisi bee-PC ezamkelwe njengeyunithi yokulinganisa izinga lokudluliswa kwedatha yeetes, bits. Umgangatho wasemgangathweni wamiselwa ukuba ezi candelo kufuneka zisetyenziswe kwisiqalo se-SI. Njengoko nayiphi na iyunithi yokulinganisa, kukho iimpawu ezichanekileyo ze-bit kunye ne-byte. Ngoko, i-megabit ilingana nekhulu elinamanci mabini anesithandathu ngamawaka-8-bit, kwaye iiklobytes eziyikhulu namashumi amabini anesihlanu zilingana nama-kibibytes angamakhulu amabini anamabini anesibini. Kwiinkonzo zonxibelelwano okanye kwiikhomputha zekhompyutha zisebenzisa igama elithi "megabit", elibonisa isivinini apho idatha idluliselwa kwinethiwekhi.

Kwaye ngoku, ukusuka kwingcamango, siphendukela kwiinkalo zokunxibelelana ezikhoyo, ezahlukileyo ngendlela eyaziswa ngayo. Ukwabela imigca yentambo, ikhebula kunye ne-wireless. Ixesha langaphambili lisetyenziselwa ukudlulisa iinkcukacha zekhompyutha kunye neefowuni. Ziququzelelwe ukuhanjiswa kweziteshi zolwazi, zombini i-analog kunye neyedijithali. Kwiinkcukacha zonxibelelwano zeekhefri ezisetyenziswa kumanethiwekhi ekhomputha, kukho iintlobo ezintathu zekhebula: ibini eliphosakeleyo (izinga lokudluliswa kwedatha ukusuka kwi-10 ukuya kwi-100 megabits ngesibini), i-coaxial (esetyenziselwa kwiinkonzo ze-Ethernet) kunye ne- fiber optic cable. Umva wokugqibela unako ukuhambisa isalathisi kwindlela enye kuphela. Kodwa ngelixa lona lukhuselekile kakhulu ekuphazamiseni kwaye luyakwazi ukudlulisela ulwazi ngejubane eliphezulu-ukuya kwiigigabits ezintathu ngesibini.

Iifowuni ezingenazintambo ziquka ukunxibelelana kwamaselula kunye nesatifikethi. Kwaye iingcali ziyabona ukuba ikusasa lichanekile ngokuthe ngqo kwezi zixhobo zonxibelelwano, apho kungekho zixhobo ezifunekayo.

Iinqununu ze-3G zisasazelele eRussia ngenxa yabasebenzi abahamba phambili be-mobile: I-Beeline, MTS kunye neMegafon. Ukufumana inzuzo yokufikelela kwinethiwekhi, kwanele ukuba ube nefowuni okanye i-modem ye-USB, exhasa amanethiwekhi kwisizukulwana sesithathu. Ifowuni iqalisa ngokuzenzekelayo ukusebenza kwinethiwekhi ye-3G, ukuba ayiphazamisi isignali ye-GSM. Oku akudingi izicwangciso ezongezelelweyo. Ukwandisa ukunqumla kwedatha, ifowuni idinga ukutshintshela kwimodi ethi "3G kuphela", evumela ukuba idlulise i-3G-terminal (i-modem okanye ifowuni) kwimoya ye-UMTS. Ngenxa yoko, nangona uphawu olubuthathaka, isantya sokukhuphela idatha kwi-Intanethi sinokunyuka.

Iziteshi ezifana noonomathotho zokudluliselwa kwedatha, njenge-Wi-Fi, i-WiMAX inokudlulisa ulwazi kumgama ukuya kwiiikhilomitha ezingama-50 kwaye unikeze ngesivinini esifanayo ukuya kuma-megabits asixhenxe ngesibini.

Kwi-intanethi ye-UMTS, izinga eliphezulu lokudluliswa kwedatha li-kilobytes ezingamashumi amane nesibhozo ngesibini. Oku kukwanele ukukhangela iphepha lewebhu. Kodwa ngenxa yokuphucula amatsha, iteknoloji i-HSPA, ebizwa ngokuba yi-3.5G. Oku kukudluliselwa kwesantya esiphezulu kwedatha yepakethi ukusuka kwinethwekhi ukuya kumxhasi (HSDPA) kunye nakumxhasi ukuya kwinethiwekhi (HSUPA). Ngombulelo kwi-teknoloji entsha, ulwazi ludluliselwa ngesivinini se-3.6 Mbps. Akubona onke amajelo anje angasebenza ngawo.

Ukufikelela kwi-intanethi kunikezelwa ngamacwecwe. Le fom yoxhumo kwi-intanethi iyaqhelekileyo phakathi kwabanikazi bee-PC eziphambili. Xa usebenzisa i-cable coaxial, isivinini sokudlulisela isuka kumakhulu amabini anamahlanu amahlanu kilobits ngesibini. Ukuba iisetyenziselwano ezimbini zisetyenzisiweyo, isalathisi esingenakulinganiswa samukelwa ngomnye, kwaye isibonakaliso sesibini sisiginali sexesha. Idatha idluliselwa kwifomathi ye-HDLC, equka ulwazi malunga nokuqala nokuphela komyalezo, kunye nolwazi lokulawula, ngaphezu kwenkcazelo ngokwayo.