Yintoni na le self-mbutho? Iinkqubo, imigaqo kunye nethiyori ye self-mbutho

Umbuzo yintoni na self-umbutho, nto inika umdla gqitha. Qwalasela ngayo kweli nqaku. Iinkqubo Self-yokulungelelanisa - le yinkqubo vuhlayiseki leyo olubangelwa impefumlelwano nxaxheba zawo ezohlukeneyo ukuvela kwezakhiwo ngendlela efanelekileyo.

Uphononongo lwe yoluntu kunye nendalo ibonisa ukuba izakhiwo ezininzi ezivulekileyo oluxandileyo, kuba kukho inani elikhulu ezisezanti, ekwaziyo phantsi kweemeko ezithile ku chavelela kunye self-mbutho.

Imbali nasekufundweni self-mbutho

Kuba wonke kunye neenkqubo zendalo self-ukubaluleka sele wafunda, nokuba kwinqanaba zenkolo okanye abstract bulumko, ukususela ngexesha Aristotle. Amakhulu amaphepha ezibhaliweyo malunga ihlabathi isebenza njani, oko kuza ingcambu unobangela uzinzo kunye nemfezeko indalo le yonke yayikhona kangangamawaka ezigidi zeminyaka. Okubuhlungu le ngxaki iye kule nkulungwane idluleyo, kwisiqingatha sesibini. Elidityaniswe kunye nophuhliso cybernetics.

ukuqonda cybernetic

Intanda ixesha elide longanyelwe jonga kule nkqubo ezendeleyo zezinto eziphilayo kuphela senzeko. Self-umbutho kwindalo, umzekelo - ephilayo, live iseli, enabantu begazi. Bukelwa umhlambi iintaka, iimbovane okanye neenyosi, baqiqe uya yintoni na.

ukuqonda Cybernetic of self-mbutho, oko kukuthi inkcazelo ube isakhiwo oluyintloko oluneqela elinegunya apho emazantsi ufumana ulwazi kwitshaneli impendulo kuphela ngenxa lokugqibela, kwaye isigqibo kuphela phezulu, akazange akwazi ukubonakalisa ukusebenza Rule yale nkqubo, ukuntsonkotha kwayo, kunye nokudala iinkqubo zichaza imodeli, ukuba kwenzeka unxulumano ezintsonkothileyo.

indlela Non-classical

Ngaphakathi cybernetics kwisiqingatha sesibini-1950 kuvela trend nonclassical emiselwe ukuba isifundo iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo (self-umbutho komba, uluntu). Ngaphakathi kolu lwakhelo, kwafuneka nkqubo imi kufutshane ukuba ihambelana ngaphezu kokuba cybernetic (leyo kuthathwa sakudala). Norbert Wiener, umseki cybernetics, uye wangomnye neklassikov lowo uphando umgaqo self-mbutho. Ngenkulungwane XX, kwi-1960 yokuqala, M. L. Tsetlin, Scientist eSoviet, wabhala into yokuba xa siqwalasela ulawulo njengendlela yokulungisa kwenzeka ntoni ukusuka phezulu phantsi, le nkqubo iya kuba nzima kunene. Oomashini, ukuba banikwa imithetho ngokwabo amanyathelo ayimfuneko, ngaphandle kwesidingo imiyalelo. Oko kukuthi, ngokwembono yakhe, umgaqo-self-mbutho.

Synergetics njengendlela yokuziqeqesha

Ukuziphatha iyasebenzisana evelayo kwi Ntshona 1975, yasungulwa njenge indlela entsha kwinzululwazi, ethembisa kakhulu, yandise kakhulu uluhlu iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo self-mbutho, cybernetics bafunda ngaphambili. Xa imisebenzi yalo mkhwa kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba self-yombutho into ubonwa jikelele zombini ezingaphiliyo kunye eziphilayo. Kwaba kunye nokuqaliswa emalunga nenzululwazi elithi "Synergetics" iqaphele imbonakalo iindlela ezimbini eziphambili isifundo: cybernetic kunye synergetic. Umahluko phakathi kwezi ngcamango zimbini ingakumbi ngokumalunga ingqalelo indlela yokuziphatha kwenzeka xa iinkqubo self-mbutho akhoyo.

Umahluko indlela ihambelana kunye cybernetic

Indlela cybernetic busenza ukuba usukelo ethile kwangaphambili ukuba yeyiphi inkqubo yabo kuyaphela, macala apho uzihlele ngokwayo. Indlela Synergetic ayifuni ndizijolise entweni. Ukususela yesiqalo sayo njengomsebenzi isiphumo sentsebenziswano phakathi kwezakhi ezahlukeneyo nkqubo ebonakalisiwe self-mbutho.

Total iindlela ezimbini

Ke Synergetics kunye Cybernetics likubona kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ngqikelelo njengoko "ulawulo" ezinjalo, ngaloo ndlela ukukhonza iinjongo ezahlukeneyo. Cybernetics kuphuhliswa iindlela kunye ubuchule ezenza kube lula ukusebenza inkqubo ukuze izenzo kucacisiwe ngendlela kwangethuba. Ngexesha experiment, xa isineji ethile indlela ukutshintsha parameters ezahlukeneyo, nokuzeyisa-umbutho ziyaphandwa yokusabela kubo, oko kukuthi, ithi ezahlukeneyo apho kwindlela ukuguquka phantsi kwempembelelo kuyo wolawulo olunjalo. Oko kukuthi, phantsi kweempembelelo yequmrhu elilawulayo ethile kwinkqubo cybernetic, yaye ukuziphatha yayo ihambelana aluchaphazeli ngqo parameters yolawulo. Bathi ukuqala kuphela indlela self-yentlangano lwangaphakathi. Neenkqubo synergetic, kwaye cybernetic yokuziphatha ikhangeleka ezijoliswe, kodwa kwimeko yokuqala, inkqubo ukhetha indlela yophuhliso ngokwawo aphezulu yombutho, yaye le nto imiselwe kwangaphambili kwi injongo yesibini.

Synergetics and self-umbutho

Namhlanje, intsingiselo "self-umbutho" kufutshane ingcamango "iyasebenzisana." Ngokufuthi zisetyenziswa ntonye kweyobunzululwazi. Enyanisweni, la magama ezimbini befunda indlela isithuba kunye nexesha kukho umbutho ngaphandle sisiphithiphithi (self-umbutho) ngezimanga malungana (iinkqubo samodezorganizatsii) anokuthi wazibona kwiinkqubo ze naluphi na uhlobo, imbaxa, vula kunye disequilibrium olutshintshayo. Zombini ezi ndlela zikhankanywe ngentla (synergistic cybernetic) kufuneka qho eqhelekileyo: Communications, ngokuzenzekelayo evela phakathi kwezakhi, ukuvumela ukuba ukudala isakhiwo, umbutho kwenkqubo ngenxa ekufuneka yenziwe ngaphandle nayiphi imiyalelo yolawulo ukuya intsebenziswano yasekuhlaleni.

Isiqhelo kweenkqubo self-ukuhlela

Ekuqaleni, ibhekisela kwizinto ezenzeka of self-yentlangano, ndikho iinkqubo ezintsonkothileyo, izakuthatwa ukuzinikela kwabo uzinzo homeostatic, ulondolozo ingqibelelo. Mhlawumbi Makuqatshelwe iintsingiselo ilandelayo iphambili kwindlela self-yokulungelelanisa imibutho: ukuba kangangoko kunokwenzeka ngobume isiphithiphithi, ubuninzi entropy kuvuselele. Synergetics, kwelinye icala, bathi ukuba akukho uphuhliso ngaphandle kozinzo, oko kwenzeka ngequbuliso, ntshikilelo. Ubunzima kunye nokungazinzi negalelo ukhetho kunye nokuchongwa ilungileyo. Le ntlekele kwezoqoqosho, umzekelo, uyala, acwangcise, inika ithuba lokuba ulutsha esebenzayo siqhubekele phambili, njengoko wonqena yaye ubuthathaka - ukunika up indawo yazo emarikeni. Le nkqubo, nto leyo kuthathwa okulungileyo, njengoko uyazi imida ukuba kunokwenzeka kule ndawo kozinzo wavumela stochasticity, kwaye lazisa phezu kwezinye imithetho kurhulumente, isebenze indlela ye self-mbutho. Oko kukuthi, ukuba alwe nayo entropy kunye nobungozi.

Self-umbutho inkqubo - inkqubo yokutshintsha iimpawu zayo (okanye status) ephuma ngaphandle ezithile ekujoliswe ekuqaleni nokuba tcelepolaganija imithombo. Abashukumisele iindlela zalo ezibangela ukuba zombini ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Kuyinto uphawu kwizinto ezifana self-intlangano kwindalo, uluntu, okanye iinkqubo ezingaphiliyo. Unako kwakhona uthethe ngayo izinto kule nkqubo.

Iqela iindlela self-umbutho

Siye safumanisa ukuba le self-umbutho kwindalo, ezingaphiliyo iinkqubo kunye noluntu. Ziziphi iindlela zayo? Ukuqokelelwa zonke ezisebenza self-mbutho iquka ukhetho, ufuzo, ukuguquka. Le nto NN Moiseev, academician, ibhekisela emarikeni. Loo nto inika ezahlukeneyo ongazikhetha kunye nozinzo, imithetho nkqubo kunye nemigaqo ukukhetha ukhethe leyo kakhulu ngempumelelo. Imarike, kaMoses, uye wafundela Ricardo kunye Smith - icala eyodwa ebizwa ngokuba yonke emarikeni. Nature ayikwazanga beze nenye scheme. Ngoko ke abantu hamba endleleni sele unyathelwe, ngenxa yokuba abazange ayisekho ezinye: ingqiqo ngawo ihlela kuqoqosho endalo kunye noqoqosho lwabantu ekwabelwana.

iintlobo self-mbutho

Ngamanye amaxesha izazi ziye ezahlukeneyo kwezentlalo, ngokwendalo kunye zobugcisa self-yentlangano, ekholelwa ukuba iindlela zawo zisekelwe kwimigaqo ezahlukeneyo:

- zentlalo (self-umbutho kuluntu) isekelwe kwinkqubo ethile zentlalo kudityaniso kobudlelwane, kuquka imithetho, zentsulungeko eziphambili, ezakutshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha;

- Inkqubo eziphilayo isekelwe phezu ekulondolozweni iintlobo (yemfuza), kwakunye ukhetho, ufuzo kunye ukwahluka (triad zikaDarwin);

- ezisekelwe kwinkqubo yobugcisa ezisebenza ethile algorithm oluzenzekelayo shift amanyathelo phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo (yayizihambela, imijukujelwa homing kunye like).

Nokuhlanganisa yintoni self-umbutho, ulwazi ubudlelwane ekhoyo phakathi kuyo kunye nombutho kwiinkqubo zentlalo - owona msebenzi ubalulekileyo yenzululwazi. Kuyo nayiphi na inkampani, inkampani kunye ulawulo ejolise asetyenziswe ngendlela lwezicwangciso, amaxwebhu, imigaqo, imiyalelo, imimiselo, kusoloko kukho iinkqubo self-umbutho sizibandakanya iimpawu le nkqubo iyonke, kunye intsebenziswano ethile. Kubaluleke kangakanani kule self-mbutho ukuba ibe? Ingaba kukho nayiphi na imigaqo ngokubanzi, nokuba kungenzeka ngoncedo enolwazi kunye ukuphuhlisa ulwimi mihla kulo mba iingcebiso?

Self-inhlangano kwiinkqubo zentlalo

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba ngqongqo na inkqubo yolawulo, ngoko kukho isithuba ngaphantsi ukuba indalo kunye self-mbutho. Kodwa kukuyeka kuzo iziqalelo edadayo simahla nkqubo, asinakukwazi ukuphumeza injongo eyenzelwe sithi. Self-umbutho oluntu, kwelinye icala, siyifumana imisebenzi engagunyaziswanga, intsebenziswano ngokungacwangciswanga. Kodwa kwelinye icala - enkosi-zilungelelaniswe kakuhle, isenzo ngenjongo ilawulwa yi kwithagethi ziphawulwe ngokucacileyo.

Ngoko ke, yintoni na self-umbutho ekuhlaleni? Xa iinkqubo zentlalo ngendaleko ithatha kulandelayo:

- Ubukho uthile pre-wokukora apho inkqubo yabo kuyaphela, samoorganizuyas kule ngxaki. Zidlala indima ebalulekileyo eziphambili kuphuhliso ezintsha, ubuchule, ukukhula umsebenzi, kwakunye ukwandisa iwonga yomsebenzi oluhloniphiweyo.

- nezimo, ukuthamba kunye Ukwahluka izakhiwo zolawulo. Indawo ngeendlela yolawulo kwezentlalo kunye nasengqondweni. Modern network isakhiwo bhetyebhetye ukomeleza intsebenziswano ekhoyo, ngaloo ndlela kubonelelwa ukwanda isiphumo iyonke. Oluneqela ekhohlo nzima lokuzimela nokucwangciswa izinto ezincinane. Oko kubonakala kwinto yokuba iiyunithi ezincinane ezizimeleyo ezinxulumene nemisebenzi yemihla ngemihla izakhiwo ngokwemimiselo elibazisa ulungelelwaniso izigqibo malunga othe tye kunye nkqo.

- kwamagunya, ukohlulwa, ukwanda kwemveliso nxaxheba ngamnye, ukubandakanyeka ngamnye ukuthatha izigqibo zolawulo, kunye nezizathu ezixhasayo ukusebenza.

- Sebenzisa iintlobo ngeentlobo zeenjongo ulwazi esisebenzisa amaza, amandla emveliso, ukwazi, ulwazi, njalo njalo

- Self-ulawulo,-imfundo ukuzeyisa,-imfundo self. Ingabinani ngenxa yale njongo kufuneka ibe ukudala iimeko ezithile.

- Uphuhliso Personal efunekayo ukususa umbutho ukuya kwinqanaba elilandelayo (ukutshintsha isakhiwo, uphuhliso ithagethi entsha, ukuqokelela ulwazi malunga nesakhiwo).

Siye sahlolisisa ukuba loo self-umbutho, inkcazelo yayo, ngokukodwa neentlobo. Njengoko ubona, eli ligama namhlanje elijongene izenzakalo zezinto eziphilayo nezingaphiliyo. Oko kukuthi, i-self-umbutho kwezinto kunye noluntu ziyafana kakhulu. Le nkqubo inika umdla gqitha nje jikelele impahla kweenkqubo.