Yintoni na le header http?

Sebenzisa i http headers kukho utshintshiselwano ngolwazi ezisemthethweni phakathi client kunye server. Olu lwazi ayibonakali abasebenzisi, kodwa kunzima ngakumbi xa zingekho ukusebenza oluchanekileyo browser. Ukuze abasebenzisi eziqhelekileyo iinkcukacha malunga noku kwaye malunga imisebenzi HTTP headers zibonakala kunokuba nzima, kodwa ke eneneni azinamgaqo ulwimi olunzima. Le nto ijongene umsebenzisi web yonke imihla.

Yintoni na http okuphezulu kwephepha?

"IProtokhol yokuGqithisela umbhalo okhawulezileyo" - ngoko liguqulelwe HTTP. Ngenxa likhona, kunokwenzeka uqhagamshelwano phakathi "uhanjiselo-server '. Ukuba zichazwe ngokwemigaqo alula, ngumkhangeli ithumela isicelo, ukuqala uqhagamshelwano kumncedisi. Okokugqibela, ngokungagqibekanga, ilindele isicelo esivela njengomxumi, iinkqubo oko, yaye ithumela emva isishwankathelo okanye impendulo. Kule bhokisi yokukhangela, umsebenzisi "hammering" idilesi kwisayithi eqala nge http: // kunye neziphumo ezifunyenweyo ngokohlobo iphepha kuvulwa.

Xa ishicilela idilesi yewebhu umgca ohambelana, isikhangeli kufuneka umncedisi usebenzisa DNS. Umncedisi kunakana header http (enye okanye ezininzi), nto leyo umthumelela umthengi, uze emva koko ovelisa header eceliweyo. Le iquka izihloko mandatory pre-ekhoyo engagwetywanga.

Ngokubanzi, http iiheader olusebenzayo ngokwaneleyo. They are ayibonakali i-HTML-ukhowudo, zithunyelwa ulwazi oluceliweyo. izihloko ezininzi ithunyelwa ngokuzenzekelayo yi umncedisi. Ukuze ulithumele e PHP, sebenzisa umsebenzi header.

Ukusebenzisana browser ne website

Scheme yentsebenziswano phakathi ibrawuza kunye nesayithi ilula. Ngoko ke, http header eqalisa umtya umbuzo, nto leyo ke uthunyelwa kumncedisi. Ukuphendula, umxhasi ufuna ulwazi kufika. Phela, http protocol iminyaka elinesixhenxe - yeyona ndlela isetyenziswa kwi Internet. Kuyinto elula, ethembekileyo, ngok ngeemeko. Le http main umsebenzi - ukucela ingcaciso evela web-server. Le iklayenti ibhrawuza kunye neseva - ligthttp, Apache, nginx. Ukuba unxibelelwano phakathi kwabo kube yimpumelelo, umncedisi ukuphendula umbuzo ufumana ulwazi olufunayo. ulwazi HTTP iquka okubhaliweyo, iifayile-odiyo, ividiyo.

Le protocol kusenokwenzeka ukuba izithuthi abanye. Isicelo client siquka ezintathu:

• umgca yokuqala (uhlobo lomyalezo);
• header (ongayikhetha);
• umzimba kolwazi (umyalezo esohlukanisa umgca engenanto).

Isiqalo line - into mandatory ingentsimi iheader isicelo http. isicelo yomsebenzisi Isakhiwo ubunjwe ube zizahlulo ezithathu eziphambili:

1. Indlela. Ngayo ibonisa uhlobo lwesicelo.
2. Path (indlela). Le umgca ye URL, elandela ithambeka.
3. Le protocol ingasetyenziswa. Siqulathe luguqulelo oluphambi olandelwayo HTTP.

kubakhangeli zincwadi abasetyenziswayo ukusebenzisa inguqulelo 1.1. Elandelwa izihloko ngohlobo "Igama: ixabiso".

HTTP-kwimemori esisikhupheli sokuxhaphakileyo

Undoqo kukuba efihlakeleyo inika yokugcina ye HTML-amaphepha kunye nezinye iifayile kwi indawo yokufihla (kwimemori ukusebenza kwi hard drive yakho). Oku ukuze kukhawuleziswe ukufikelela kubo nokuphinda-ugcine bandwidth.

I Cache ibhrawuza ngumxumi, esiphakathi yesango kunye proxy server. Phambi kokuba uthumele umyalezo yi URL, isikhangeli liya kutshekisha ukwenzela izinto kwicache. Ukuba into ayikho, isicelo sithunyelwe kumncedisi elilandelayo, apho ikhangelwe esisikhupheli sokuxhaphakileyo http headers kumncedisi nginx. Zamasango okuvota asetyenziswa ngabasebenzisi ezahlukeneyo, ngoko efihlakeleyo iyabiwa.

HTTP-kwimemori esisikhupheli sokuxhaphakileyo akakwazi kakhulu kuphela ukukhawulezisa ukusebenza kwisayithi, kodwa kwakhona ukunika uguqulelo oludala wephepha. Ngenxa efihlakeleyo isayithi xa uthumela headers impendulo. Oku kungenzeka ukuba ipheyiji yeenkcukacha ulwazi oluceliweyo nge HTTP.

Inkcazelo http headers

Enye yeendlela cache ibalulekileyo ingqalelo http headers siyaphelelwa. Ezi sematheni zibika umhla wokuphelelwa zinikwe ingcaciso aphendula. Zibonisa ixesha nomhla xa efihlakeleyo uthathwa sisidala. Umzekelo, i header ezifana ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: Iphelelwa: Wen, 30 Nov 2016 13:45:00 GMT. Esi sakhiwo lisetyenziswa phantse kuyo yonke indawo, kuquka indawo efihlakeleyo ye amaphepha kunye nemifanekiso. Ukuba umsebenzisi ukhetha i umhla omdala, ulwazi abayi ipheyiji yeenkcukacha.

HTTP proxy headers ekudidi link header. Azikho ipheyiji yeenkcukacha ezigciniweyo khutyaziswe ngokungagqibekanga. Efihlakeleyo ukuze isebenze kakuhle, URL ngamnye kufuneka kunxibelelana omnye abe ngumfuziselo imixholo. Ukuba page luyasebenza ngeelwimi ezimbini, uguqulelo ngamnye kufuneka abe URL yayo. Isihloko kwahluka efihlakeleyo igama umbuzo iiheader. Umzekelo, xa umboniso umbuzo kuxhomekeke ibrawuza, umncedisi kufuneka athumele header. Ngoko, kwi-cache agcinwe iinguqulelo ezahlukeneyo imibuzo kunye neendidi uxwebhu. TTP ukwamkela header kufuneka ukuba benze uluhlu yeefomati kunokwenzeka izixhobo ezisetyenziswayo, nayo kakhulu lula ukusebenza ngayo, kuba akubikho engeyomfuneko.

Kukho amaqela ezine headers ukuba edlula phezulu aba. Ezi sematheni eziphambili - ukuba equlethwe kuwo nawuphi na Umncedisi ingxelo kwaye umxhasi, isicelo kunye nempendulo, ngokunjalo indalo. Le yokugqibela lichaza oko nayiphi na imiyalezo evela client kunye neseva.

HTTP kugqalwa isigunyaziso olongezelelweyo. Xa web-ikhasi likucela ububhali umxhasi, isikhangeli ibonisa window eyodwa kunye namasimi ngenxa ngokungenisa igama lomsebenzisi kunye negama lokugqitha. Emva kokuba umsebenzisi ingena idatha yazo, isikhangeli ithumela isicelo http. Iqulathe isihloko "isigunyaziso".

Indlela ukubona zamaphephandaba?

Ukuze ubone iheader http, kufuneka uzifakelele plug-ins umkhangeli yakho, umzekelo, iFirefox:

• Firebug. Jonga zamaphephandaba, unako tab net (network), apho khetha zonke (yonke). Le plugin iimpawu eziya kuba luncedo abaphuhlisi web.
• Live http izihloko. Simple Plug-in ukujonga http iiheader. Nayo enokuveliswa ukucela ngesandla.
• Amalungu Ghrome ukubona lula sematheni xa unqakraza useto iqhosha, khetha Developer Tools (imisebenzi net).

Xa plug-in zifakwa, uyiqhuba kwaye ukuhlaziya yakho browser.

iindlela zombuzo

Iindlela ezisetyenziswa HTTP, zifana kunye nemiyalelo, ezo idluliselwe ngokohlobo imiyalezo kumncedisi. Eli ligama eyodwa ngolwimi IsiNgesi.

• GET indlela. Isetyenziswa ukucela ingcaciso evela resource. Kwaba naye bonke baqala iintshukumo.
• POST. Ukusebenzisa ingeniswe. Umzekelo, umyalezo kwinethiwekhi yoluntu okanye izimvo, isikhangeli ibeka umzimba POST-isicelo aze ayithumele kumncedisi.
• INTLOKO. Le ndlela efanayo kowokuqala, kodwa lenza umsebenzi miphungeni. Ucela kuphela meta-data, ngaphandle ukususela umyalezo impendulo. kusetyenziswa indlela, ukuba ufuna ukufumana ulwazi iifayile ngaphandle ukulanda. Sebenzisa oku ukuba ufuna ukuvavanya ukusebenza lamakhonkco kwi umncedisi.
• BENZE. Usindanisa data kwi URL. It adlulisele izixa ezikhulu data.
• IINKETHO. Ukusebenza izilungiselelo kwiseva.
• URI. It ichonge resource kwaye iqulathe i URL.

Isakhiwo impendulo http

Umncedisi iphendula izicelo zomxhasi kunye imiyalezo elide. Impendulo iquka imigca embalwa, abonisa uguqulelo protocol, umncedisi status ikhowudi (200). Yena ethetha nto itshintshileyo kumncedisi ukuba ukuhluzwa isicelo ongenayo:

1. "Elikhulu" status ibonisa processing ngempumelelo iinkcukacha. Umncedisi ke ithumela uxwebhu ukuya client. Ke ezinye imigca isicelo zibonisa ezinye iinkcukacha malunga ulwazi ngesondo.
2. Ukuba lwefayile ayifumaneki okanye ayikho, umncedisi uthumela ukuba umxhasi 404, ikwabizwa ngokuba impazamo.
3. Code 206 ubonisa ukulayisha ifayile ekhoyo, nabanako kuphinde emva komzuzwana.
4. Code 401 ibonisa ukwala yogunyaziso. Oku kuthetha ukuba iphepha eliceliweyo likhuselwe iphasiwedi makafakwe ukuqinisekisa entry.
5. Ukuthintelwa ukungena, wathi ikhowudi 403. Izithintelo izimvo, ukopisho okanye ividiyo - impendulo eqhelekileyo kwi-Internet.
6. Kukwakho nezinye iintlelo ikhowudi: intshukumo okwethutyana wefayili efunekayo, imposiso yangaphakathi yeseva, intshukumo yokugqibela. Kulo mzekelo, umsebenzisi luzakulawulwa kwakhona. Ukuba ikhowudi 500, nto leyo ethetha ukuba kukho ukusilela zisebenza server.

URL - ntoni na?

URL - ke intliziyo web yonxibelelwano phakathi client kunye neseva. Isicelo idla ithunyelwe ngokugqitha kwi URL - iyunifom resource Locator. isakhiwo isicelo url ilula kakhulu. It iqulathe izinto ezininzi: http protocol (ephepheni), bawo (idilesi website), izibuko, indlela resourte kunye nombuzo.

Le protocol iyafumaneka ukuba uqhagamshelwano http olukhuselekileyo nokutshintshiselana ngolwazi. URL Idilesi-iqulethe ulwazi malunga nokubekwa kwindawo ethile kwi-Internet. Idilesi ubandakanya igama domain, umendo page, kwakunye negama layo.

Eyona ethile iyintloko yomsebenzi ukuya URL - ukuba intsebenziswano nzima kunye oonobumba yesiLatini, kwakunye amanani kunye neesimboli. Le SEO noun Idilesi url ludlala indima ebalulekileyo.

amacebo aluncedo

abasebenzisi ikhompyutha Active kunye nababhekisi phambili azikho iindawo zethu ukuze uqhelane namanye ingcebiso yobungcali enikwe ziingcali endle:

• Bonisa imihla kokuphela iifayile kunye namaxwebhu, ngokuxhomekeke uhlaziyo. Ulwazi Statistical enikwe kwi amaxabiso aphezulu max-ubudala.
• Uxwebhu eyahlukileyo mazifumaneke ukulungiselela URL enye kuphela.
• Ukuba ifayile ukuvuselela ingalandwa ngumsebenzisi, ukutshintsha igama nokudibanisa kuyo. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba download entsha, kunokuba uxwebhu lixesha.
• headers Last-Modified kufuneka zihambelane ukuya kumhla yangoku utshintsho lokugqibela kokuqulathwe. Ngaba resave amaphepha kunye namaxwebhu, ngaphandle kokuba utshintshe kubo.
• Sebenzisa i POST-sicelo kuphela apho afuneka khona. Nciphisa umsebenzi nge SSL.
• Ephepheni phambi kokuthumela umncedisi kufuneka khangela REDbot plugin.