Yintoni lisasazwa eziphilayo? Eyona engundoqo izigaba translation

Yintoni lisasazwa eziphilayo? Emva Ukuloba oko inxalenye yesibini mfundiso iphambili ezinto eziphilayo, nto leyo echaza ukusetyenziswa ikhowudi yezofuzo ukuba nokuveliswa ngemixokelelwane asidi acid.

Bokusasaza RNA iimolekyuli

Ezintathu iklasi basic ngemolekyula of ribonucleic acid (RNA) ababandakanyekayo ibinzana yemizila na ukuyifunda dezokseribonukleinovoy acid (DNA) esiseleni. Zezi:

• isithunywa RNA (mRNA)
• RNA eziphathekayo (tRNA)
• RNA ribosomal (rRNA)

Xa ndisasaze indima ekhethekileyo ngoku udlalwa nge iintlobo zokuqala ezimbini RNA.

translation isimiso

Eziphilayo losasazo yinkqubo entsonkothileyo apho ingcaciso ngendlela molecule RNA (mRNA), iproteni iya kuhlanganiswa. Ulandelelwano of mRNA kufundwa usebenzisa ikhowudi yezofuzo. translation okupheleleyo lwenzeka kwisakhiwo ekuthiwa ribosome nto leyo uhlobo efektri protein yokuqaphela. Le organelle zeeseli enganeno amancinane enkulu kwaye zinemoletyhule entsonkothileyo eziquka eziliqela iimolekyuli RNA ribosomal, kananjalo inani iiprothini.

Yintoni lisasazwa eziphilayo?

Broadcast ke linyathelo yesibini emva tumbuluxiwa. Ngezi nkqubo, ikhowudi yezofuzo iguqulelwa acid ukuba inamathelene ngeentambo peptide. neentsontelo acid ekuthiwa polypeptides, kwaye ibekwe ngaphakathi ribosomes, organelles amancinane zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kule nkqubo protein yokuqaphela. Inokuchazwa: biology translation - inkqubo yeselula apho kubekho udederhu asidi acid akhiwa zokucazulula. Protein yokuqaphela kwenzeka kukho icytoplasm, apho zifumaneka ribosomes.

Yintoni lisasazwa eziphilayo kwaye eneneni Abizelwa polypeptide? Kukho amanyathelo amathathu abalulekileyo - yolwaluko, zobude kunye nokupheliswa. Loo magama asetyenziswa noshicilelo nokuba ukuchaza ukudalwa manqanaba RNA chain.

Zero isigaba kubhekwa isebenze, xa acid acid Umnqweno womntu covalently Ubotshelelwe RNA efanelekileyo (tRNA) kwaye uba "ityala". Nangona Nngokobuchwepheshe linyathelo kuguqulelo, eli nyathelo kwakhona kuyimfuneko, kwakunye bonke ezilandelayo. Ngoko ke, cinga amanqanaba wokuguqulela eziphilayo ngokweenkcukacha:

1. Yokuvula. Kweli nqanaba, i-mRNA ifakelelwe kwi tRNA, encamathele uthe asidi acid. Bonke kunye, simanyene ribosome.
2. Zobude. Le zobude ngokuthi kongezwe acid siphelekwa ukuyilwa imixokelelwane peptide. Ekugqibeleni wadala polypeptide. ngokongeza inkqubo iyaqhubeka ngokuphindaphindiweyo logama nje umqokozo alifikeleli umda wayo, nto leyo malunga nekhulu acid.
3. Ukuphelisa. Xa uphawu isiphelo ifunyenwe biosynthesis, a polypeptide abazahlulayo ukusuka ribosome. Xa wakhululwayo protein entsha, uluhlu olupheleleyo ikhefu zosasazo.

inkqubo Kakhulu nezichanekileyo

Yintoni lisasazwa eziphilayo? Oku entsonkothileyo kakhulu kwaye ngexesha inkqubo Akumangalisi kakuhle yaye ichanile efanayo ebandakanya ezininzi sineendidi. Zonke intshukumo, basabela kunye nezinye zazo ahlanganiswa ngokugqibeleleyo. Ukuguqulwa zofuzo iiprotheni kakhulu ngokwezigaba ezibini: umbhalo kanye translation. Nangona isibakala sokuba ngexesha lokuqala akukho njini iproteni akwenzeki ngaphandle yesibini oko akwenzeki.

Broadcast ke isigaba sokugqibela ekuphumezeni ulwazi kwinqanaba yemfuza. Le nqubo ingathatha kuphela indawo ezikwiiseli eziphilayo, kwaye nzima ngaphezu ukukotshwa matrix amagama yangaphambili kunye nokubhalwa. Le nguqulelo ibandakanya zonke iintlobo RNA, amashumi amabini iintlobo asidi acid, enzayim ezahlukeneyo njalo njalo. iziko evelele zonke iziganeko ezinjalo izenzo organelle zeselula, lo ribosome.

Into isimanga kakhulu liphulo lokugaya zonke izinto ngokusebenzisa leeprothini biosynthesis: ingakumbi enqanda ezininzi lujoliswe ngengqwalasela efanayo kwinqanaba eziphilayo. ukungaphumeleli Nokuba ngengozi yafunyanwa kwaye iimpazamo nangoko kuphele enzyme, leyo, isimiso, kuba bona kunye musa ukuphendula.

intsebenziswano enenzuzo

Njengoko ribosome cellular ihamba ecaleni umthunywa RNA, ebegqwese yakhululwa site yawo ekuqaleni, kunye yi ribosome eyahlukileyo. Ke inani organelles ezinjalo ukusebenza ngexesha elinye kwi imolekyuli enye, ukuze ukufikelela amashumi eziliqela. Ngenxa yoko, omnye kuphela matrix isiseko isetyenziselwa nokulungelelanisa ezahlukeneyo ezinto duplekatov polypeptide. le intsebenziswano enenzuzo uye wabizwa polyribosomes (polysomes).

Kuxhomekeka kuhlobo iiprotheni kufuneka iseli ethile okanye into ephilayo liphela, kukho multi-polypeptide izakhi biosynthesis kwaye ilawulwe kwezinye iindlela zolawulo, asebenza kweziphazamiso gqolo kwi zigaba ezithile zo kokukhutshwa kweenkcukacha yemfuza, kuquka xa kusasazwa.