Yintoni ifayibha? Types nemvelaphi

Ingcamango yokuqala into ifayibha, sifumana emva kwizifundo ibhayoloji esikolweni. Ngengqiqo ebanzi, evakalisa indalo ngokubanzi ngakumbi ngokuphathelele ethile, le nto kukuba udidi izinto eziquka kwayo okanye iiseli.

Muscle fiber - yinto unit noshowo esiqwini izihlunu, nto leyo iseli multi-core, nto leyo equka inani elikhulu ezinye iiseli ukuba abe izityalo, izilwanyana, izimbiwa okanye imvelaphi zokwenziwa.

Ekuqaleni evela Old Slavonic

Ngemvelaphi yegama elithi "umthambo" connect with Old Slavonic "vlakno". Eli gama ikhona kukanye Bulgarian, Czech, Slovak, Serbian. Nge umahluko kancinane phonetic lufumaneka Polish - wlOkno. Kukho ingqiqo exubusha yamandulo Indian: Valkas, gama elo elithetha "ixolo".

Ngolwimi Russian kwiyunithi lungelelanisa iye yatshintsha ngenxa bezikhamiso: yageza-LA. Ekubeni "ifayibha" - igama kwisichazi-magama, upelo yayo ukukhumbula.

Ukuze ufumane i ingcamango into ifayibha njengoko ukuhlelwa eziphathekayo, uhlolisise izimvo zabo.

Ilaphu kunye bast

Imicu imvelaphi zemifuno ziquka zomqhaphu kunye bast. Thin cotton intambo isale imbewu cotton. Ziqulethe kakhulu (94%) ze kwincindi, intsalela ukuba amanzi, pectin, okunamafutha, angwevu, anencindi, ash izinto (elements ukutya bezimbiwa waluthathayo lomhlaba kwisityalo).

Ukuze uqonde ukuba yintoni na imvelaphi cotton ifayibha, kunokwenzeka, ecinga phantsi ngemicroscope. Siza kubona iribhoni flat ezibhijeleyo kunye tubules nomoya.

Ezi nemisonto ke hygroscopic, ubushushu enganyangekiyo ngamachiza, kuba ihlala phezulu ngokumalunga alkalis. Ukuba cotton ukuba aqhumisele, kwakunuka iphepha elinyukayo.

Kwiimpawu ezimbi ziquka luthambe eliphantsi kunye nokungazinzi ku asidi.

ngefayibha Bast lungafumaneka neflakisi stem. Bona side kwizisele ubude kunye eziphelweni etsolo. In cross-candelo kufuneka imilo a pentagon. Ipesenti enkulu ukwakheka - neselulosi (80%) kwaye iipesenti eseleyo kuwa ke nenqatha, umbala, ukungcola kwezimbiwa angwevu, anencindi kunye lignin. Ubukho kusifundisa lignin landa amandla. Le conductivity eliphezulu thermal kwenza ilinen usoloko opholileyo ukuya ngaphandle kwebala.

Imicu imvelaphi yezilwanyana

Ibhokhwe, zigusha, zinkamela, kunye nezinye iinwele neyesilika zendalo iquke zizilwanyana, eliquka ngeengcamba ezintathu: i flake engaphandle, umaleko ephambili cortical kunye undoqo, nto leyo ibekwe esizikithini olu cingwana.

Kukho iindidi 4 kwimicu yoboya;

• crimped ezingcakacileyo - Lutho;
• iinwele eliphakathi - umnqamlezo phakathi umqolo kunye phantsi;
• crimped baberhabaxa kwaye encinane - umqolo;
• short-krobo ifayibha - iinwele efile.

Kuxhomekeka iintlobo ngeentlobo kumsonto bokwahlula uboya zingcakacile, esetyenziswa ukwenza iimveliso uboya ekumgangatho ophezulu, ukuze lidityaniswe, kusetyenziswa ekwenzeni ilaphu kwaye ndaziva. Iwulu uyakwazi ukugcina ubushushu kwaye hygroscopic. Xa kubonakala nevumba ngeentsiba elinyukayo umlilo.

Imicu elula yendalo - isilika. Fumana ukusuka kwi Cocoon zemibungu silkworm.

iiproteni ezimbini - fibroin kunye sericin - ziyinxalenye intambo Cocoon. silk Natural ukuthamba semvelo, behanahanisa, hygroscopicity phezulu, creasing phantsi. Ububi eliphezulu ephothiweyo vulu shrinkage kunye nokumelana nobushushu ephantsi. Isilika a ezixabisekileyo ekrwada ezibonakalayo ukuze nokuveliswa iimpahla zasehlotyeni ukukhanya.

ntambo zokwenziwa

Yintoni ifayibha zokwenziwa imvelaphi, sinokufunda ngokuhlola yimvelo yabo. Bona eziveliswa kuyondelelaniswe imichiza evela monomers, ngamanye ephantsi izinto ubunzima eziphilayo. Oku kuvelisa iipholima. I ekrwada ekufanisweni nenayiloni, Dacron, acrylic, crimplene, isilika acetate zimveliso ezisuka ukuhluzwa amalahle, i-oyile negesi. Ezi nemisonto ifayibha ilifa amandla phezulu, shrinkage eliphantsi kunye nemibimbi, kunjalo, kodwa hygroscopic.

A ezahlukeneyo Polymer, kungenzeka ukuba iyahluka kubo, kwakunye ukufumaneka kweencwadi nezinto ezilungiselelwe okrwada inkuthazo uphuhliso lwemveliso imicu zokwenziwa.

imicu chemical

Bona efunyenwe phambili ezinjalo izinto zokwenziwa ezifana polyamides, polyesters kunye nezinto zendalo: kwincindi, iiprotheni, casein, kunye nabanye. I ekrwada izinto kwezi Imicu inkunkuma umqhaphu, izinyithi ezahlukeneyo, iglasi, iimveliso oyile, amalahle.

Rayon yenye imicu zokuqala imvelaphi weekhemikhali, isikali yamkelwe imveliso mveliso. Le efunyenwe ngokubaphatha emthini ngamachiza.

Enye ezingalunganga eziyintloko ifayibha viscose i creasing eliphezulu. Ukunciphisa le mfanelo njengangoku siphantsi ukuguqulwa ngemichiza. Ngenxa yoko ifayibha polynosic, efana kutyiwa cotton elide.