Yebhokhwe nombala: inkcazelo kunye nendlela yokuphila

Kwindalo, yonke imiphefumlo kakuhle eyakhe nekhonkco kwenkqubo enkulu eyodwa ephilayo, apho bonke abantu abelwe endaweni yalo, kunye yokuphila efanelekileyo. Kuphela umntu lowo abanakwanela i "umzimba" - umntu, endaweni yokuba ukuphila ngokuvisisana nendalo, ngeendlela zonke bayitshabalalise.

Le ngenxa isimo sengqondo esinjalo kwihlabathi kukudala iindawo ezikhuselweyo kunye nokuhlaziya rhoqo amaphepha encwadi oluBomvu. Loo Screw lineempondo yebhokhwe - isilwanyana entle ngokungaqhelekanga - awele udidi eziphilayo ezisengozini.

I intsapho bovids

Lo mkhaya ezanyisayo le olenepodobnyh sodidi, equka kuphela antelopes nobumbejembeje, kodwa abantu ezinkulu ezifana yak, inyathi, buffaloes, iinkunzi nabazala zabo ezincinci kancinci - iigusha, iibhokhwe kunye must iinkomo.

Kungakhathaliseki ubungakanani kunye yokuhlala, zonke izilwanyana yelo ntsapho ezinye iimpawu eziqhelekileyo:

• Iinkunzi uhlale iimpondo, lo gama ababhinqileyo kuba ngaphandle kwabo.
• Abanawo amazinyo kunye siphume aphezulu.
• Bonke kubo "baxhotyiswa" isisu-zawo ezintathu cecum.

Ezi zilwanyana bathanda bakhetha emaqeleni enkulu, ngaphandle kokuba ibhokhwe esijijwayo zazineempondo, indawo yokuhlala ogama - ezintabeni.

Ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, phantse onke amalungu ale ntlobo bazingela izinto, yaye abanye babo sele ziyadanjiswa, yasekhaya, ezifana iibhokhwe, iigusha neenkomo. Oku kungqinwa imizobo esematyeni ezininzi ebonisa imiboniso ngokuzingela yamadlelo nezilwanyana.

Kule mihla ngokudubula amalungu entsapho bovids kuvunyelwa kuphela zolondolozo lwendalo kunye ambalwa, ezininzi zazo ezidweliswe kwiNcwadi oluBomvu. Nombala yebhokhwe markhor, umzekelo, ngokuthe ngcembe ukunciphisa inani lazo, kunye neentlobo ezifana neula, ukhenketho inyathi kunye, unyamalale ngokupheleleyo kummandla kumazwe aliqela.

Eyona ngxaki inkulu, ngokutsho iingcaphephe ngokukhuselwa izilwanyana ezinqabileyo, ukuba abangenamvume. Yaba imisebenzi yabo mthethweni yenza inani abameli bovids ntsapho rhoqo ukuhla.

inkcazelo Markhor

Markhor zezethu Artiodactyla odolo ukusuka kusapho bovids. yebhokhwe nombala (Ifoto ibonisa oko) kanjalo igama kuba iimpondo zaso yemilo ezijikeleze kunye engathi kakhulu macala. Ngalinye kula "ukhangela 'ecaleni kwakhe: ngasekunene - ngasekunene nangasekhohlo - ekhohlo.

In iimpondo iimazi mincinane, kuphela 20-30 cm, kodwa Akubuya ichazwa ngokucacileyo. Xa amadoda, ukuze ukufikelela cm 1.5 m kunye ubude umzimba ka-2 m kunye height esibunayo ku-90. Weight oyindoda azifane idlula 90 kg, ibhokhwe yona nokuba ngaphantsi.

yebhokhwe nombala iyatshintsha umbala kunye nomgangatho uboya zabo, ngokuxhomekeke kwixesha lonyaka. Ngoko ke, ebusika xi nga kumhlophe, ndiyingwevu, angwevu okanye ezimhlophe. Ngeli xesha, ngokuba zezona ashushu, kunye Uboya exineneyo elide. "Isilevu" kwi isilwanyana kubanda nayo kuba mkhulu. Ehlotyeni, phezu koko, markhors Nentloko enesihlwitha yohambayo mlomo kwaye lube umbala obomvu.

Ezi zilwanyana mncane, inokusityeda, ngok kufuneka ngengqiqo enkulu ivumba, ukubona nokuva, nto leyo ebanceda ivumba ngabazingeli kunye amarhamncwa kude omkhulu. yebhokhwe nombala, ukuxelwa kwalo akunakwenzeka ukuba ukwazi ukudlulisela ubabalo nesithozela esi silwanyana ungaqhelekanga bakhetha ingaqhelekanga amalungu kwekhaya.

yokuhlala

Middle hot zone amadlelo wambu nemiwonyo zamatye amqengqelezi ukuba indalo Markhor yokuhlala. Ezi zilwanyana lula ukoyisa aphakeme amancinci ukutsibela emaweni kakhulu ingafikeleleki kwaye exandekeni.

Abazenzi iintshinyela ezishinyeneyo imithi, kodwa ekhwela basike ezintabeni, ibekwe phezu komda kunye umkhenkce lasebusika obungunaphakade. endaweni yawo yemvelo ke iintaba Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Pakistan ne India.

ibhokhwe elineempondwana lula ukuzinyamezela njengoko kukubalela kwasehlotyeni kunye nobusika enomkhenkce kunye kwikhephu. Ezi zilwanyana ukuthutha njengoko iimfuno nokhuseleko lokutya okanye namfama. Ngoko ke, ukuba unako ukuyoyisa kummandla wehlathi ezintabeni okanye ingca emdeni wayo, nto leyo ke kaninzi kwenzeka ebusika, xa ukutya kuba ngaphantsi wehla waya esezantsi kuyo kanye ngenxa zengca.

indlela yokuphila

Markhor kuba imihlambi ezincinane izilwanyana-15 ukuya kwi-30, eziquka nabasetyhini ezanyisayo. Omdala abudala kakhulu kunyaka emadlelweni ngokwahlukileyo yaye igcinwe yodwa kummandla abawukhethileyo. zeebhokhwe Young abanakukwazi ukulwa kwabasetyhini kunye isizukulwana abadala abanamava ngakumbi yaye unamandla, ngoko ukucwangcisa iqela lakho nexhama.

Amandla yezi zilwanyana kuba ngamaxesha ngokwendalo. Umzekelo, ehlotyeni, ukuba bayavuka ukuba basike, apho Zitya ingca kunye amagqabi emithi esezantsi zokukhula amatyholo. Ebusika, umhlambi wonke phantsi ezintabeni, kangangoko kwikhephu kumda emazantsi ehlathini, apho ukutya ephambili ningamasebe kunye namagqabi komoki, ndimkhathalela. Ngenxa yale uju eAsia ujije lineempondo yebhokhwe uxhumayo ukusuka kwisebe ukuya kwisebe umthi, ngokugqibeleleyo balancing kwi ukuphakama kuyimitha 6-8.

buphindwe

Hong bovids lolu hlobo iqala ngo November, xa izilwanyana otelis emadlelweni ehlotyeni izele amandla kunye namandla ukulwela amabhinqa. Ebhasini phakathi kwamadoda kunqabile iphele amanxeba, ngokuqhelekileyo yebhokhwe siethe kushiya edabini, ukuzama ithamsanqa labo kunye namanye amabhinqa.

Ophumelele kukuba ukukhusela indlu yabafazi, akhe aze aqalise ewakhwelayo ezibhokhweni, owaqalisa estrus. Kuzo ezo zinto ziphilileyo, kukho ixesha ngokuthandana, njengoko ophumeleleyo kuthatha nje engahlawulelwayo yalo kwezichumiso kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza, emva koko inkunzi ushiya nemazi de kwixesha elilandelayo lokukhwela.

yebhokhwe Young hatching iinyanga 6 nje phambi kokuzalwa shiya umhlambi. Abantwana bazalwa entwasahlobo, xa amadlelo kunye imithi eluhlaza; ke intabalala yokutya emhlabeni. Ayakhawuleza ukuba banyukele kweenyawo zakhe kwaye ngoko nangoko baqale wanye ibele sikanina.

izilwanyana Young zenzelwe lokudlala nokufunda. zeebhokhwe abadala bafundisa ukuba kufuna ukutya, ukutsiba kwaye iyasebenza ematyeni, leyo ibalekisa ukukhula kwabo aze anike amandla. Iimazi bakulungele ukuya kuzibandakanya kule iminyaka emi-2, xa amadoda kuphela iminyaka 4 bomelele ngokwaneleyo nabanamava ukufumana yabafazi bawo.

ntshaba zendalo

Ubude avareji yobomi Markhor ufikelela kwiminyaka 12-16, kodwa nangona oku, inani abo kunciphisa. Ezi zilwanyana ezintle akhuselekile, yaye olo vumo - I-Red Book. yebhokhwe nombala kunjalo nje kutshatyalaliswa ngabantu ukubulala ngenxa iimpondo zakhe ezintle.

Ezinye izilwanyana kufa yezizathu zendalo, kodwa amaxhoba ezidla ngakumbi rhoqo - lynx, iingcuka kunye nehlosi ikhephu. Ingakumbi sifo ulula oselula, ngoko kwinzala amaninzi ukusinda%-50 kuphela, enokungena ukuhla kwenani labantu.

markhors Security

Naphi na apho uhlala esijijwayo zazineempondo nebhokhwe, kuzingela engaqondanga, kodwa oko akuthethi ukunqanda abangenamvume. Izilwanyana ngokwabo baye bafumana indlela yokusinda - bayitshintsha indlela yabo yokuphila waza waqalisa ukuba zitye okanye xa kwimitha kwelanga, okanye ukutshona kwelanga kunye ebusuku, ukuhlala emva kwemini phantsi iliwa okanye emthini ukhuselo.

Ukunyuka phezulu ezintabeni, ukuba aziphathe ngosuku esebenzayo kwi basike esiluhlaza apho amarhamncwa ayifane wambona, kodwa ixesha elininzi ehlotyeni bakhetha umthunzi yamatye, yaye ebusika - kwimiwonyo ezifihlile kwaye ingafikeleleki.