Inqaba enkulu evela kwintsapho yamahlombe

Iimfene (zangempela) zinyango zikhulu kakhulu, izilwanyana ezinamahlumela ezininzi kunye nezikhulu, zilima ulwandle lweplanethi yethu. Igama lentsapho yabo libangelwa ukungabikho emqaleni nasemlonyeni wezo zonke iintlobo zamabutho kunye nemigudu, eyenza umzimba uphelele ngokungaqhelekanga. Okwangoku, intsapho yalezi ziqhwala iqulethe ezimbini kunye nezilwanyana ezine. I-whale enkulu kunazo zonke ezisuka kwiintsapho ze-giantfish eziqhekezayo yiGreenlandic. Cinga ngezi zilwanyana zaselwandle ngokubanzi.

Ukusetyenziswa kweemikhomo ezipholileyo

Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ingxelo, kucetyiswa ukuba uluhlu bonke abameli bentsapho. Ngaphezu koko, azininzi kubo. Izazi zeZoloologist zihlukanisa ezi zilwanyana zaselwandle zibe zimbini kuphela. Iimbombo zokuqala ze-bowhead - zimelelwa yintlobo enye kunye neyeyodwa enye yegama elifanayo. Iyesibini - intlanzi yasemazantsi - imelwe iintlobo ezintathu: ngasentla, esezantsi kunye neJapan. Kunomdla ukuba i-genus ye-Greenlandic i-whale ye-polar ekupheleni kwe-Miocene kunye nokuqala kwe-Pleistocene yayimele iindidi ezinhlanu ezahlukeneyo. Iifosale zabo zafunyanwa eNyakatho yeMerika naseYurophu.

Inkcazo Yentsapho

Njengoko sele kukhankanywe ngasentla, abameli beli ntsapho baninzi kunye namaqhosha amakhulu kunye nentloko enkulu. Ekude, ezi zilwanyana zingafikelela kwi-18, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ukuya kwii-22 zamitha. Ubunzima bawo buhluka ukusuka kwii-30 ukuya kwiiyunithi ezili-100. Ininzi kukho abantu abayi-15 ubude ubude. Umzimba wale mikhomo unqabile kwaye uphahla. Abanalo naluphi na umgca wexesha elide kunye nemida, apho bahlukana khona kwiintsapho ezihambelanayo. Iimpompo zezi zilwanyana zifutshane, kodwa zibanzi, kwaye umlomo womlomo unqabile, kodwa uphakamileyo.

Bahlala phi?

Abameli bentsapho yeziqhwala ezibushelelezi baphila ngokubanzi kumanzi olwandle, abahlala ePacific, e-Atlantic nase-Arctic elwandle. Ngokomzekelo, i-whale enyakatho ihlala ehlala e-Atlantic. Umlingani wakhe waseJapan unokufumaneka kwiindawo ezisenyakatho ze-Pacific Ocean. Iintlobo ezisemzantsi zala ma-cetaceans zixhaphake kumanzi abandayo kunye namanzi aseMzantsi Afrika . Inqaba enkulu evela kwintsapho epholileyo, i-polar Greenic, ikhetha amanzi abandayo eNyakatho yeNtlabathi. Indawo yayo ihambelana ngqo nomkhenkce ongezantsi.

Indlela yokuphila yemikhomo epholileyo

Kungekude kudlulileyo ii-zoologist zafumanisa ukuba abameli bale ntsapho bakhetha ukuhlala bodwa. Ngokuqhelekileyo bafika kumaqela anabantu abane-4-5, kodwa engaphezulu kwaleyo. Amaqela ale mibhobho afumaneka kwiindawo ezinokuqokelela okukhulu kokutya. Iziqhwala ezinamanzi ziphantse ziphezu kwamanzi.

Iingcali zenzululwazi zichaza inkqubo yokondla imikhomo njengento enqabileyo kwaye engaqhelekanga: ngexesha lokutya bayashukuma umgca ngemilomo evulekile kwaye, njengabancinci be-vacuum, banamathele kuzo zonke iintlobo ze-crustaceans, iplankton nezinye izidalwa eziphilayo. Uluhlu olukhoyo olukhoyo lwamatye angaphantsi kwamanzi lubonakalisa kakhulu ukutshintshisiswa kwentsha emzimbeni kwezi zidalwa, ngoko azingalokothi athawule emanzini ashushu.

Imikhomo enamathele, njengawo onke amanye ama-cetaceans, izilwanyana ezinobomi. Ngamanye amazwi, abazalanga kuphela ukuhlala kubantwana, kodwa nabo banondla ngobisi! Yingakho kungalunganga ukukholelwa ukuba imikhomo yintlanzi. Ngendlela, ubisi lwe-whale luphindwe kathathu lunomsoco kunobisi beenkomo. Yingakho ama-kittens amancinane akhula ngokukhawuleza.

UKumkani weentsapho

I-whale ye-Greenlandic i-polar whale yona inkulu kunazo zonke izilwanyana eziselwandle. Njengoko kuchazwe ngentla, lo ngulo kuphela ummeleli wegama elinye. Liyi-suborder of baleen whale. Okwangoku, ngokuqinisekileyo kuyaziwa ukuba ubude obude bomzimba walo mkhulu bunokufikelela kwiimitha ezili-22. Kule meko, amabhinqa ngokuqhelekileyo akhulu kunamadoda. Ubunzima bezilwanyana ezincelisayo zivela kwiiyure eziyi-80 ukuya kwii-150. Amahlathi aseGreenland ahlukeneyo. Baya kuhamba ngokulula kwi-200 mitha baze bahlale apho ukuya kwimitha engama-40. Isantya sesantya sokuhamba kwemikhomo yentloko i-20 km / h.

Inqaba enkulu evela kwintsapho ephathekayo-irekhodi yokulinda ubomi phakathi kwezilwanyana. Ingumyinge weminyaka engama-40, kodwa oku akunjalo umda. Izazi zenzululwazi zithi iikopi ngamnye ziphila kwi-211 iminyaka! Ngokuqinisekileyo le ngxelo!

Njani kunye nantoni na imikhomo yentloko?

Isiseko sokutya kwezi ziqhwala yi-plankton-ukutya okuthandayo. I-greenlandic polar whale ikhetha ukutya ama-crustaceans amancinci (umzekelo, i-Kalanus) kunye neefolder mollusks. Imikhomo edala idla i-2 tons plankton ngosuku! Inkqubo yokondla kwezi zilwanyana ayifani naleyo yabameli bonke be-suborder of baleen whale. Oku kuncedwa yi-so-called trap in the jaws of plates. Omnye umntu unokufumana amaqhekeza angama-320 ukuya kuma-370. Ubude beplani nganye bufikelela kwiimitha ezine.

Njengazo zonke izalamane, i-whale enkulu evela kwintsapho epholileyo kwiinkqubo zokondla ihamba ngomlomo ovulekileyo emkholameni wamanzi, uyisika ngomzimba wayo onamandla kunye nomzimba omkhulu. Yena, njengesihlanjululwazi esicocekileyo, uzingela ngokwawo yonke into ehamba ngayo endleleni yakhe. Yilapho inkunkuma yakhe yemvelo, i-whalebone, isebenza ngayo. AmaCrustaceans ahlala kwiipiliti ezinkulu zelo mvavu, emva koko ngokukhawuleza ziqhekeza ulwimi kwaye ziginye. Isakhiwo esona siphumelele sawo macwecwe sivumela izilwanyana ukuba zihlunule ii-crustaceans, ezibangelwa ubukhulu bazo zingenakufikeleleka kwezinye iimbamba.

Kwinqanaba lokuphela

Abameli bentsapho yama-cetaceans babeshatyalaliswa kakhulu ngabantu ngaphambi kokuba kuphuculwe inkqubo yokunyusa. Yaye yonke into yokuba imikhomo epholileyo ilula ukuyibamba: ihlala kwimigangatho yamanzi aphezulu, qhubeka kufuphi nxweme. Ukongezelela, bayaziba buthathaka kwaye bacebise. Ngelishwa, okwangoku inani lezilwanyana ezincelisayo lishiya into enqwenelekayo. Ngokomzekelo, i-whale yasemazantsi imelwe ngabantu abangama-7000, kwaye i-whale yasenyakatho imelwa ngabantu abangama-300. Ngokuqhelekileyo imikhomo yaseJapan yayinabantu abangaphezu kwama-200 abantu.

Amanqatha aseMntla naseJapan adweliswe kwiNcwadi eBomvu njengezilwanyana ezisengozini. Inani labantakwabo basemazantsi, ngenhlanhla, liya kuphucula kancane kancane. Inzala enjalo ekhulayo kulezi ziqhwala ngenxa yokuhamba kwabo ngokuhamba. Inyaniso kukuba inani elikhulu lamathambo angaphantsi angavumeli ukuba iilwanyana zibulewe yi-whalers ukuba idibelele emanzini-isilwanyana sihlala siphela emanzini.