Yano-Indigirka nelezihlambo kunye kwabalinganiswa yayo

Emathafeni kumantla Yakutia, ngummandla of permafrost kunye zomhlaba boqobo cryogenic. Le N. Thermokarst amachibi, imigxobhozo njalo njalo. Ngokubanzi, le ndawo a emathafeni.

Malunga nendawo Yano-Indigirka nasezihlanjeni kwendawo, malunga awohluke zonke izityalo nezilwanyana, malunga neminyaka kunye nezinye iinkcukacha zifumaneka kweli nqaku.

A engencinane ngayo emathafeni

Emathafeni - plain, okuphakama ayidluli 200 m ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle. Njengoko umthetho, esemazantsi zibe kumgangatho othe tyaba komhlaba, eyakhiwe abaselula zaselwandle, umlambo nechibi neetyuwa. Bona akhiwe nemingxuma ezinkulu amancinane, kwaye seqongeni kunye amathafa, kwaye azalise le intermountain. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba esesihlanjeni lweCaspian, kubekwe phezu ummandla eRashiya, kubekwe ngaphantsi komphakamo wolwandle.

Enye inkalo nezihlambo, uninzi unxweme, kukuba badla enabantu abaninzi. Yaye kudla ngokwenzeka ukuba abantu eyenziweyo ukwandisa indawo ezweni kwezi ndawo (umzekelo, kwi polders ka-Holland).

Indawo, izinga

nelezihlambo ithatyathwa lususela emlonyeni Buor Hai ukusuka ngasentshonalanga ukuya emlanjeni Indigirka empumalanga, nommandla layo ligutyungelwe yi uninzi Yakut bommandla Arctic.

Geographical uhlela Yano-Indigirka nelezihlambo - 46.602075; 39,230506.

indawo namathafa iquka oziikhilomitha ezingaphezu kwe-600 square kwingingqi mhlaba, ibekwe ecaleni emideni akumazantsi East Siberian Sea kunye noLwandle Laptev. Kwakhona, kukho tyaba ogudle umlambo Yana kunye umlomo kwezinye imilambo ezincinane (Indigirka Omoloya), egameni bobabini kubo, wathabatha igama layo kule ntlambo.

Form, imilo

Yano-Indigirka nezihlambo ngokumila Crescent. Xa ebanzi kakhulu ye ububanzi balo ngumgama oziikhilomitha 300 ukuphakama avareji - up to 30-80 kwiimitha ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle (yaye ukuya ku-100 eemitha).

Gorilla i umgxobhozo enkulu okungenanto ibekwe emantla-mpuma inxalenye eSiberia. Ngokubambisana i Kolyma yasezithabazini, ibekwe emantla-mpuma icandelo Yakutia, elisengqayini emlanjeni Chukochya River, Alazeya kunye kodonga lasekhohlo esezantsi ye Kolyma River, it yakha nelezihlambo enkulu ebizwa eMpuma-yaseSiberia.

Kwezinye iindawo nakummango ukunyuka intsalela iqanjwa lisisiseko, ukuya kutsho kwiimitha 558 (ukuphakama ubuninzi Yano-Indigirka esesihlanjeni).

Age, ukufunda

Le ndawo echazwe kuphawulwa bubukho inani inkxaso kunye zabucala amacandelo Pleistocene ubudala, eziquka iintsalela iintsalela ezinqabileyo zezilo kunye nohlaza. La macandelo ziye zahlolwa ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo ngabaphengululi ezifana A. A. Bunge (okanye Cherskii, ngo-1891), V. F. Goncharovym, B. S. Rusanovym (1968) kunye N. K. Vereschaginym (1977 ) ..

Various PA wayiphuthaphutha iintsalela zezilwanyana omkhulu Plain ukususela ngowe-1970 ukuya 2000 Amanye amacandelo emva Cenozoic bafunda kakuhle kwaye ochazwe ezincwadini zesayensi, kodwa kukho amacandelo ogama akaziwa nangoku ayaziwa de kube sekupheleni.

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kwiindawo nezihlambo zazo ezafunyanwa zamatye yamandulo lezilwanyana kunye nezityalo baye bafumanisa (emva Pleistocene).

Yano-Indigirka nezihlambo zazo: iimpawu ezi ndawo, imihlaba

Kule ukudakumba kukho ichibi ebizwa Pavylon. Ifumaneka kwezi ezinqabileyo elintlangothi zaseSiberia uluhlu weentaba ngezidumbu ukusuka meters 200 ukuya 300.

Apha esilawulwa morzlye rock and permafrost ongatshiyo zomhlaba. Uninzi esesihlanjeni sakhiwa iintlobo elwandle, uphose umlobothi, umlambo neetyuwa isityebi ice eziphili ngenxa ubukho kule iindawo permafrost.

Gorilla uneempawu zawo (abasakwazi kakhulu). Ezi ziquka misinga thermokarst (ngabanye. Alases) kunye anemigxobhozo, amachibi, suka apho emininzi Pingo. Kwakhona kunxweme kweelwandle, imilambo namachibi kunokubonwa iinduli polygonal lomhlaba-baydzharahi. Laba ngokohlobo ngemithamo lomhlaba kunye eziphakathi (nobukhulu ukusukela iisentimitha eziliqela ukuya neemitha ezilikhulu ezimbalwa). Bona babe kucacile weepholigoni, amabala, nemisesane, izangqa, kwaye kumathambeka - bands.

Yano-Indigirka nasezihlanjeni geography, izilwanyana

wadlala indima apha yendalo ifriji permafrost Bagciniwe amashumi amawaka iintsalela omkhulu imizimba tyaba kunye nezinye ezanyisayo ezininzi ixesha glacial. Le inxalenye enkulu eSiberia - enye amathambo ephithizela zezilo omkhulu kakhulu.

Ngenxa yomhlaba olinywe amanzi amachibi kunye nemilambo, iindawo zonxweme kunxweme lingonakali thermal kweelwandle zenzeka ngonyaka ilahleko thawing kunye iintsalela zezilwanyana.

Flora: ubudlelwane kunye izilwanyana

Yano-Indigirka nelezihlambo umkhenkce ubudala isithuba kumathafa-emathafeni enkulu kunye uhlaza herbaceous. Ngokuqinisekileyo, le meko zangaphakath kwaye inani izilwanyana ezanyisayo lifikelele ubukhulu ebalulekileyo. Kwaba ngasekupheleni Pleistocene.

Kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo polar wadala niche, na umgibe zendalo, apho iba "yamangcwaba". Kubo kwakukho omkhulu ukutshatyalaliswa kwezilwanyana yamandulo.

Akukho unxweme esilawulwa ityholwana kunye moss ulele eyetundra emazantsi iintili lomlambo kukhula amahlathi ezinqabileyo avuthulukayo.

Emzantsi, iintlambo mlambo nezihlambo iinkalo amahlathi-kumathafa, enamakhulu a larch kwaphela.

Namhlanje, kulo mmandla kweentlobo ezifanayo eSiberia ukuba ngqo kuloo mimandla, ezifana eyetundra ihlathi emathafeni. Izakufunyanwa apha kwaye ezinye izityalo ezidweliswe kwi-Red Book of Yakutia. Ngokusisiseko ukukhula ezinde, willow, kayandera, Aspen, stlanik, sedge, hawthorn kunye nabanye. Phakathi neentlanzi nazo zimandla ezifana bream, Intlanzi, Roach, Pike, imbewu, Pike, grouper, kunye nabanye abaninzi.

labantu

Yano-Indigirka mmandla nezihlambo yeyona kakhulu kwi Russian Arctic. Ingqele ehlotyeni ovela kulwandle East Siberian kunye m. Laptev. Kodwa ebanda yasebusika kuzisa imimoya lasemzantsi ukuvuthela evela kwiinduli Yakutia, apho ngeli xesha lonyaka obulawulwa kuneqabaka kakhulu. Ngoko ke, bambalwa izityalo ingaphila kwindawo oqatha ngolu hlobo.

Xa la mazwe ezibandayo kwakukho abahloli Russian, hayi eshiywa esezantsi. Kule mimandla ekwanti impucuko sele kudala wahlala aphile Evens kunye Yukagirs namhlanje. Kodwa ke abantu basekuhlaleni apha basoloko bembalwa kakhulu.

Bandakanya abantu bendawo kuzingela, ukuloba kunye nawo elusa.

Ziqinile lo mmandla kungenakugqithwa, kodwa yaso ezintle yaye kungakholeleki.