Umkhosi Transnistrian: ubungakanani, ukubunjwa

Ukuwa yiSoviet Union yayiyinto kwegazi. Inani labemi esingumzekelo seeRiphablikhi, dade kutshanje kuphela ingqalelo, uninzi inkxaso ingcamango kokwahlulwa ithi ozimeleyo ngethemba lokuba baza kuba lula, zinemali ayathandeka ngakumbi. Ukuze amandla kumazwe amaninzi engekafundwanga isizwe uphakeme ngobungcali abaziveza abaxhasi yedemokhrasi ebizwa ngokuba "amaxabiso Western."

Okulandelayo waqala zokulwa ukuba kwelo lalisakuba yiSoviet Union ke ngelo xesha, ukuba ezinye iziphazamiso. Zibizwa nalezo iingxabano interethnic, kodwa ngaphantsi igazi kwiimfazwe zasekuhlaleni. Andifuni ukuhlala bucala kwaye uzolile kwaye enoxolo Moldova. Ubunkokeli kwiriphabliki igqibe ukuseka urhulumente wobumbano ngenkani ngaphandle kokuthatha ingqalelo ezinye iinkalo zophuhliso ngembali eli lizwe. Ngokwahlukileyo kulo adventure emkhosini apho umkhosi Transnistrian, kwixesha elifutshane liye laba nempumelelo kakhulu kule ngingqi, kwaye angaphumelela ngempumelelo uhlaselo. Kwaye namhlanje, malunga nekota yenkulungwane?

Imbali Moldova kunye Transdniestria

Ukususela amaxesha Dacia Moldova wayengenguye njengombuso ozimeleyo. Uninzi ummandla yangoku ebeyinalo 1940 yokumkani Romania, kunye nemfundo wesizwe eSoviet Ukraine kuphela amalungelo okuzimela. Emva uliyalele ezimbini umculo ngqo nguRhulumente waseUSSR, urhulumente isiRomania usinike indlela yonke Bessarabia, ukubonisa nobuqili ethile. Kungenjalo, i-Red Army, ngokungathandabuzekiyo, kwakuza kufuneka wasebenzisa amandla ukwandisa imida ye-USSR. Ekuqaleni kuka June 1940 VII Session USSR Council Ephakamileyo owasungulwa i Moldavian SSR njengenxalenye nemeko ngokubanzi manyano. I MSSR kwakukho counties isiRomania 6 ex kunye nemimandla 6 SSR ngaphambili wabumba yalilizwe elizimeleyo MASSR. Emva kwemfazwe, nomda Moldova washukumisela, kodwa kancinane kuphela. Kuyaphawuleka kwatshintsha 50 th - th 80 kunye nokwakheka yesizwe yabemi izixeko Tiraspol kunye Bendery bafudukela iingcali kunye umhlala nabasebenzi zomkhosi kwezinye iingingqi USSR. Okwangoku ebalulekileyo ngxabano abaninzi kubo Bakha umkhosi elisandul 'ukusekwa Transnistria.

Bangama-yokuqala nyaka

Ngowe-1991, emva kokufumana inkululeko yesizwe, kuye kwacaca mhlophe ukuba inxalenye enkulu yabemi Moldova aphuphe kwenzeke ne eRomania. Phantsi kwale nomqondo elasetyenziswayo umlando isiseko, kubandakanywa intsomi isityholo ubuzalwana phakathi kwezinto ezimbini kweentlanga, enkulu yaseYurophu, kunye nomnye, ezincinci enye. Xa ukwamkelwa ngulo mbono, uthi, yaye phantse zonke iincwadi zezazisi lweelwimi, zixhaphakileyo ubunzima kwabathi zonqulo ukholo, kunye nokufana abaninzi namasiko. Noko ke, kwakukho omnye. abantu abadala ukuba ukukhumbula ukuba ebukhosini ngesiRomania Moldovans ukuba aphathwe njenge uhlobo izidalwa zohlobo ezahlukeneyo, iqashiso leyo ziyindlela umsebenzi entsimini.

Sekunjalo, lo mbono uye athimba ezingqondweni kwiBhunga Supreme ukujongana nzulu kunye umbuzo ngokunxulumanisa kunokwenzeka, nkqu bababuza besithi bafuna "umzalwana enkulu 'ukuhlanganisa ne" omncinane "ukuba. Konke oku kwakhokelela ekubeni ukuba abahlali Dubossary, Tiraspol kunye Bender baye babonisa ingxabano yabo ikhosi lukho ulawulo weRiphablikhi Moldova kunye wadala Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic. Le entsha Iziseko kumahlelo-zikarhulumente afumene neengcambu ingangumsebenzi wesakhono kwisifundo geqe yomthetho ngamazwe, de jure ayikho ezinjalo. Enyanisweni umkhosi Transnistrian (ngoko ukuba ngokuba Republican Guard) lasekwa September 24, 1991. Kungekudala kwakufuneka ukuba alwe.

impi

kamva Phantse konyaka, June 19, 1992, inkokheli Moldova ukuba ayihlaziye integrity ngenkani. Komdlalo wabo wokuqala senzeka Dubossary ngoMatshi 1991, kwaye ngoku ke ekwimimandla emelene Bender. Ukumelana aseMoldova samapolisa ophandonzulu exhobileyo imikhosi kwento Transnistrian umkhosi ngenene lamabutho athathwe ntliziyo, ngecala, ezibe kufika iphikiswayo kummandla ka Cossack nemivo. Ukwandisa inani wabalandeli kwanceda amaxhoba amaninzi phakathi umphakathi kunye ukuzinkcinkca esecaleni ohlaselayo. umkhosi Russian 14 e Transnistria akazange athathe inxaxheba, kodwa armories yayo basiwa phantsi kolawulo TMR Sun Isiphumo zeminyaka empi amawaka efile kumacala omabini, kwaye ukuxinga ngaphambili. Omnye amalinge okuqala ukunyanzelisa ngenkani ukuba "uthando welizwe", ngoko, ngo-1992, wabonisa ukuba namandla ngokupheleleyo umkhosi ngokuchasene ngabavukeli kwabantu inkxaso. Isifundo ngekamva akazange aye njenge "ukusebenza" uyaqhubeka namhlanje.

umphathi wokuqala

I Republican Guard wadalwa phantsi kolwalathiso ngamajoni ngobuchule yesikolo yiSoviet, into yonke iingqwayi-ngqwayi zomkhosi in Transnistria. Eyokuqala kubo ulibamba alimwi Republican Guard, Colonel SG Borisenko, uze emva koko uStefan Kitsak, ijoni Afghanistan, ababekhonza ngaphambili zamnachshtaba umkhosi 14. Yaba nguye owadala isakhiwo semkhosini kwaye wachitha imisebenzi Intlanganiso yokuqala. Ekwindla 1992, isithuba nguMphathiswa wezoKhuselo kubekwa S. G. Hazheev kwakhona igosa abaqeqeshwe kakhulu, ngubani na okunike inkoliso yobomi bakhe bakhonza Soviet Army. Phantsi kobunkokheli bakhe, zaye Sikwahlengahlengise imikhosi exhobileyo weRiphablikhi engaziwa, leyo ekhokelele umkhosi Transnistrian waba amandla ukuloyisa engaphezu lupwa nako kotshaba engundoqo kusenokwenzeka yengingqi, nangona yena bexhobele ngezixhobo eziphelelwe iisampula ekuveliseni USSR. Okwangoku, imikhosi exhobileyo Moldova, yisayizi ezindilisekileyo kunye nezixhobo, bashiya imizamo isicombululo yomkhosi ingxaki indawo.

utshaba enokwenzeka

umkhosi isiRomania e Transnistria wayengekho imfazwe, kodwa kunceda xa kusenziwa isicwangciso 'iphulo wenkululeko "amagosa eli lizwe, kusenokwenzeka ukuba, kwakunye kokufika amavolontiya. Kule minyaka ukususela kwimfazwe ehlotyeni 1992, uqeqesho kwi- kumazwe NATO kunye Russian Federation ziye amagosa ezininzi semkhosini Moldova. Isiphumo sale qeqesho, Noko ke, esezantsi, ekubeni kwezikhali, ngaba enyanisweni ziyisebenzise yomkhosi yesizwe lixesha. Obujoliswe engundoqo abasebenzi umyalelo kuthathwa ukuba isikolo yasemkhosini Alexandru cel Bun e Chisinau. Moldovan National Army (US) kuquka ezimbini neendidi zemikhosi (umhlaba kunye nomoya), abasebenzi balo angekho ngaphezulu kwe ezine nesiqingatha amajoni amawaka. LweSebe US wahlulwe amaqela amathathu:

- "Moldova" (Balti).

- "Stefan cel Mare" (Chisinau).

- "Dacia" (Cahul).

Kwakhona kumkhosi aseMoldova ingena uxolo nomkhosi (22th), apho "yiya" phantse bonke abo baye bamkhonza iinyanga ezintandathu zokuqala (total bazilungiselela ngonyaka).

kwamatanki umkhosi aseMoldova apho, iinqwelo-moya kunye ntaka sithandaze kunokuba ngokomfuziselo.

isakhiwo Yesebe elangeni pmr ekhoyo

Encomekayo bonke akhawunti ikhangeleka umkhosi Transnistrian, ababalwayo 7.5 amawaka abantu. Iinxalenye ezenziwe ekufumaneni isivumelwano nemigaqo. Ulwakhelo lombutho kusikhumbuza ngokubanzi aseMoldova, kunye dislocation lommandla musculoskeletal. Imikhosi (izahlulo) ibekwe izixeko ezine ezinkulu (Tiraspol, Bendery, Dubossary kunye Rybnitsa). Kwimeko nganye kuzo - ithathele nomkhosi imishini ezintathu, mvisiswano leyo, kwelinye icala, enziwa ziinkampani ezine. Ukongeza, iqela ingena ibhetri ngodaka kunye platoons ezahlukeneyo (lobunjineli kunye nonxibelelwano). Inani lilonke kwisahlulo ngasinye - malunga enye nesiqingatha amajoni amawaka.

Amatanki kunye zokudubula

Source pmr iingalo neembasa zentsimbi imfazwe ehlotyeni-1992, nto leyo engazange abe ixesha ukurhoxisa umkhosi omi Transnistria. Iinkanunu iintlobo ezintathu (T-72, T-64B kwaye T-55), inani lawo elipheleleyo Kuqikelelwa ukuba amashumi asixhenxe, kodwa imeko yabo, ngokutsho iingcali, mabangabi ngaphezu kwe-18.

zokudubula Heavy Kwakhona unalo kumafa yayo kwiinkqubo 40 BM-21 "Grad", imipu elinesibini ezintathu howitzers kunye mortars of calibres ezahlukahlukeneyo, ZSU "Shilka" nemipu self-ngokwaso.

Ngaphandle kwezikhali esindayo ziyisebenzise yomkhosi pmr kwaye iindlela compact yentshabalalo esebenzisekayo ukusebenza ngexesha kwiimpixano iminyaka ngeminyaka - MANPADS ( "Arrow", "yenaliti", "Arc"), RPG (7, 18, 22, 26, 27) kunye LNG-9. Ukuphelisa izithuthi transport (apho Moldova iye neze, ngaphandle BMP kunye BMD) zenzelwe anti-itanki imijukujelwa ekhokelwa "Fagot", "Baby" yaye "Ukhuphiswano".

ukundiza

Isibakala sokuba Transnistria inayo amandla wayo umoya, abantu bafana kwimiju- egcinwe leeholide zikawonke, apho abemi Pridnestrovie ubonisa yomkhosi. Ukwakhiwa nezokusebenza fleet, Noko ke, Kuyinto eqhelekileyo. moya nje ezimbalwa kunye ntaka, 29 of them hola abasebenzi AN-2 kunye AN-26 zenzelwe kwempahla kunye kwezothutho okanye kokwehla parachute (VDV iyafumaneka), kunye nezemidlalo Yak-18.

Xa imiqathango yokulwa mihla imikhosi ngqo inkxaso abe rotorcraft, nayo leSoviet, Noko ke, leyo, nangoku kwinkonzo kumazwe amaninzi - i Mi-24, Mi-8 ne Mi-2.

Ngokunxulumene Force Air ngokusesikweni Moldova mkhulu, asinto ibe mig-29 ehlasela umhlaba moya-interceptor, ke, wazishiya kancinane, ingakumbi zikwimeko elungileyo. Uninzi kwezithuthi Soviet emkhosini ziye zithengiswe aphesheya.

reserve

Kukho enye inkalo ebalulekileyo yayo ayifani imikhosi exhobileyo kakhulu Moldova kunye Transnistria umkhosi. inombolo pmr xa kuthe isisongelo kunokwandisa ngaphezu phindene ngenxa nokuvuselelwa ancedisayo. Amazinga ngokutsha kwamagosa kunye namadoda stock, kwakunye neefizi zabo zibanjwa rhoqo, kwaye uninzi lwabo emkhosini musa ukufuna ukuba bazikhwebule, kuquka abo ubambe kwizikhundla eziphezulu kurhulumente. Ukongeza, kukho Cossack webutho, owahlukileyo, iyunithi ye-Ofisi yoMphathiswa Interior kunye iKGB. Ibutho ekhethekileyo Yahlula "Delta" yaye "Dniester" elinabasebenzi ziingcali baqeqeshwe kakuhle, leyo emapoliseni, kananjalo uthathwa ukuba abakhethekileyo. Ukulinganisa - jikelele kwilinge Moldova reserve phantse ikhulu lamawaka bantu, nangona ukuphuma labahlali lizwe kakhulu eziphakamileyo, kunye ayilinganiseleyo nangengqwalasela nzima, kokubini nangokobungakanani kunye ngokomgangatho. Iintlawulo kunye noqeqesho ancedisayo kweli lizwe iye yabanjwa iminyaka emininzi.

Yintoni na Russian e Transnistria?

Umkhosi Russian e Transnistria saqaliswa ngowe-1992 njengenxalenye namajoni. Labantu bendawo wambulisa, njengoko abasindisi, okanye ngqo kwi amajoni ekulweni omkhosi zange inxaxheba, kodwa ngoloyiso Transnistria becala isandla kubo. Ukuba, phambi kokuwa kweSoviet 14 mkhosi elinzima-umsebenzi ihamile union, kodwa namhlanje phantse yonke Ukususa kwintsimi Russian Federation. Inani lilonke yomkhosi Russian e Transnistria okwangoku akukho proveschal amajoni amawaka amathathu amawaka abahlali abahlali. Inxalenye ebonakalayo kubo abantu balapho wathabatha isifungo ngabemi kunye Russian Federation. Into abayenzayo kwaye enjani na inkonzo?

abajongene

Uxolo Ibutho abafumaneka Transnistria yi igunya OSCE iquka 335 servicemen Russian. Ngaphandle kwezi, ulawulo odibeneyo le meko olwenziwe abameli semkhosini Moldova (abantu 453), pmr (490 keli.) Yaye ababukeleyo ukusuka Ukraine (10 keli.).

Ebudeni balo lonke ixesha liye laphela ukususela ekuqalisweni kommandla zongquzulwano ibutho yokugcinwa, hayi ityala olunye ukusetyenziswa bexhobile, wabulawa mntu.

Inani elincinane ubume kunye imisebenzi yalo Ozahlulayo ngokungqongqo ingxoxo enkulu nxamnye Moldovan oyimemileyo, kutshanje, Ukrainian isizwe nokucingela ngendalo kuthiwa ngxwaba ubukho Russian kule ngingqi.

yokugcina Ukhuseleko № 1411

umkhosi Russian e Transnistria wenza esinye msebenzi ubalulekileyo. Hayi kude kukho kwilali Rybnitsa Kolbasna eyayiza kuba zokuhlala ingathi yimimangaliso ukuba ingqongwe ukuba ibekwe kwindawo iimbumbulu yokothula kubi yeehektare 130. Kukho Ziyaqhubeka, amaqokobhe kunye nezinye impahla yomkhosi zisuswe eMpuma Yurophu yaye igcinwe kumaxesha angaphambili. Ubunzima iyonke neziqhushumbisi equlethwe emthethweni, ngaphezulu kwama-20 kilotons, oko kukuthi, amandla kufutshane ezabo atom "Inkwenkwana" wawisa kwi eHiroshima. Kufuneka wenze ntoni na kule umthwalo yingozi namhlanje, akukho bani owaziyo. iimeko zokugcina ziya nyaka ngamnye, izikhongozeli badla kutshatyalaliswa. Inani elifanayo sele kuvunwa, kodwa amaxesha koko baba kwethu.

83 kunye nabalindi eyahlukileyo ngenjini 113 kunye nomkhosi 540th yolawulo kunye nokhuselo akavumelekanga ukuba kwenzeke ingozi embi.

Yintoni elandelayo?

Namhlanje, Transnistria elimxinwa umfazi wolunye Umhlaba engena phakathi nobutshaba kwamazwe, Moldova kunye Ukraine, okunene wathi kuvalwe iindlela i asibonakali republic. Kule meko, bona pmr umkhosi kwi kodityaniso phezulu. Phemba olunye bexhobile ingxabano kwintsimi USSR, ngaphandle livimbela kuphela elinye ibutho - abaxolisi. A iinzame yesibini yokuhlanganisa Transnistria kunye Moldova angavula usenokungena engxakini enkulu. Umbuzo njani ukuba babe nako ukusebenza umkhosi pmr namhlanje ngempumelelo ayikho kakhulu. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo - ukuphepha imfazwe kwaphela.