Ewenzayo: isakhiwo ngokweenkcukacha

Ilunga kwedolo, isakhiwo ekufuneka yaziwe kakuhle kumntu wonke inxaxheba kwezemidlalo, yeyona inkulu emzimbeni womntu. It ukhandwa amathambo ezintathu. Ubume idolo joint woMntu ngenxa kwindawo yayo. Iziphelo amathambo uyila isakhiwo wambu intlala eshinyeneyo kakhulu-6 mm zamafu. Inika omnye wemisebenzi ezinkulu joint - shoka yokufunxa xa ehamba.

Kwedolo joint, isakhiwo

Photo esibonisa isakhiwo esisiseko namalungu: imisipha, ithambo, meniscus, nemisipha (cruciate), imithambo-luvo kunye imithambo yegazi. Qala ujonge isakhiwo amathambo. Ilunga ukhandwa amathambo ezintathu. Ezimbini ubude - lesiquluba tubular kunye yifemur. Eyesithathu - le patella. Yena rounded imilo kunye ezincinane kakhulu. Oku sise ngaphambili. Yifemur ezantsi lakha condyles - lunamaqoqo egubungele intlala. Ezi uqikelelo zihlanganiswe ekuthiwa tibial yehewu, yabhalwa, yena, weziqingatha ezimbini. Le patella nibuse emkhumbini zokudakumba leyo edala condyles. Oku kwakhona ngokuba emseleni patellofemoral. Lesiquluba kubekwe yokuxazulula avela tibialis. Xa ukuyilwa edolweni ayikho inxaxheba.

Isakhiwo kunye nentsingiselo intlala

Umsebenzi laphu - nothuke damping, ukunciphisa amandla frictional ngexesha intshukumo. Kuyimfuneko, apho iindawo ezimbini ithambo tipakani nxamnye omnye komnye. intlala Articular ixinene kakhulu. Xa kwedolo ifikelela kuphela iziphelo yifemur kunye lesiquluba, kodwa kwakhona komhlaba patella. inyama intlala ke iintlobo. In kwedolo - hyaline. A phawu yale laphu kukho umxholo eliphezulu lamanzi kwi kweziyobisi intercellular. Oku inika bhetyebhetye yaye inceda ukukhusela nxamnye umonakalo entlanganweni kwamadolo.

Isakhiwo kwemisipha kunye menisci

Ashinyeneyo nokuqina lolwabo Ukwakheka, i-nitrogen iphela iinkuni ebizwa nemisipha. Kwimeko idolo capsule joint ugxininise izakhiwo zayo ezimbini kususela ngaphandle - lateral kwaye medial. Kwaye ezimbini ngaphakathi - ngaphambili kunye cruciate diff. Ibeka sindululo kakhulu kwicala anteroposterior, inqandwa yiyo ekuweleni kuthelekiswa yifemur. Zonke nemisipha amadolo ibaluleke kakhulu intsebenziswano yayo izinzile. Phakathi yifemur kunye lesiquluba zilungiswe ezakhiwe ezimbini ekuthiwa meniscus. Kananjalo ngokuba intlala, nangona isakhiwo yabo yahlukile isakhiwo hyaluronic egubungele ubuso articular. Menisci ligcwalise isithuba phakathi lehewu tibial kunye nesiphelo articular ye yifemur.
Babebonakala ukuba ndibe gasket bhetyebhetye, redistributing ubunzima. Ngaphandle kwabo, iza yonke namandla aso swi ngaxa omnye thafa tibial. iintlobo ezimbini menisci (medial kunye sclerosis) oxhulumene kwi lungu lateral. Le lateral (engaphandle) kunqabile umonakalo ngenxa ukuhamba yayo enkulu. Le yangaphakathi (medial) meniscus ibekwe kufuphi lungu engaphakathi osecaleni kwaye lability asezantsi. Oku kungenxa trauma yayo rhoqo. Xa iziko le meniscus liyajiya ekupheleni - yenza umngxuma encinane yehewu tibial, kwaye yenza ilunga ngakumbi izinzile. Ukuba nemisipha abazange, siya kuba ukungalingani lukhulu kule nemilenze, yaye ngokufuthi kumenzakalisa joint kwedolo. Ubume bale amalungu axhasayo inika idolo kuye uzinzo

Bursa

Balala ecaleni izihlunu kunye nemisipha. Eyona inkulu - patellar (phantsi imicu quadriceps), oko phantse alisichazeli ngendlela eza kunye kwisisu ehlangeneyo. Le kokusemva podnadkolennaya bag ngokunzulu ubukhulu joint - abo ezincinci eziliqela. Xa ufaka kwezinye zezi ulwelo lwamalunga bangaba cysts.

Izihlunu ababandakanyekayo flexion kunye nokwandiswa joint

Phezu ngaphambili nomlenze lowo quadriceps. Xa ekunciphiseni umlenze wayo unbent kwi entlanganweni kwedolo. Imicu patella ubuxoki babulingana nesandla, ukukhonza fulcrum kwaye ukutshintsha ulwalathiso lwesindululo kuyimfuneko. It kwandisa amandla izihlunu utshilo. Ukugoba shank (lithambo kwaye malunga idolo) umlenze igotywe entlanganweni kwedolo.

innervation

Cinga nerve popliteal. Yeyona inkulu kwabo ibekwe phezu ngasemva entlanganweni. Olu luvo - isebe le sciatic. Inika ontununtunu motor innervation le philisi ehlangeneyo. Ngaphezu leziNdlu iluthe kungena tibial kunye luvo peroneal. Kuhle ukuba sikhankanye kuba xa edolweni bona badla yonakele. Kwakhona emva philisi onikezela nemithambo obturator. Amanye amasebe luvo uvakalelo tibial kubonelela ngenxalenye yayo posteromedial. Peroneal innervate posteroexternal kunye perednenaruzhnuyu komhlaba. Oku kubangelwa yinto yokuba umzimba kancinane ekwenzeke kuzo ilitye le efanayo ihamba, njengedolo - isakhiwo innervation kunye nenani elikhulu imimandla zidlulela inika uvakalelo oluphezulu.

igazi

vasculature olubanzi ezingqonge dolo, iqulathe kwemithambo ezine ezinkulu, apho amaqhina oqhagamshelwano phakathi kwaye enze plexus nemithambo (13 iinethiwekhi enjalo phezu joint) yaye ngaphakathi kuyo. Kwemithambo lokuqala kunye ezinkulu - femoral. Popliteal, tibial akudala enzulu kunye ngaphantsi kancinane. Bonke babe ukujikeleziswa collateral xa kuthe omnye iimpahla ziya alibophe. Isakhiwo yokwakheka kwemithambo popliteal ngokulula ucinge, ebabela ibe ngamacandelo amathathu. Lokuqala - phezulu. Le lokunxibela siqhutywa ngcono kwinqanaba le yesibini. ndlela phezulu kwi joint idolo zilungiswe ngayo ngomaleko ezimbini. Nzulu amelwe Kwangamoya enkulu saphenous. Umphezulu - network lwemithambo ukusuka elongeziweyo. Le yokugqibela akwenzeki kuzo zonke umntu. Ukusuka ngasemva welungu idolo usa ongama eVienna encinane. Maxa wambi iba isiqu, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha amabini. Beka ayajika kwakhona buyahluka, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo uwa kwi popliteal.