Virgin Monastery, Kazan: imbali idilesi, engcwele, onguMphathi

elide iye yaba yenye zonqulo ezininzi ayeze yi Russian Kazan Icon ye nguMama kaThixo. amaxesha amaninzi ngenxa yemithandazo wayifihla ukumkanikazi wezulu lokusibekela zalo ilizwe lethu ukususela Kwiinzingo yamashwa, ngenxa yoko wakwenzayo ngayo a lot of kwezintlu; yayidume imimangaliso. Kwisiza yokufumaneka umfanekiso yasekwa Kazan Virgin eMonastri, uvuka kamva kwiqela ezinqkqenkqeza amaziko yokomoya Russia.

Umbono intombazana Matrona

Nangona ri khale, kodwa isithethe uye wagcinela kuthi ibali yeha eyehlela ngo-1579 Strelets khulu Daniel Onuchina azinza e Kazan iminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu ngaphambili. Yazi bamqumbisa uNdikhoyo serviceman umntu utyelela uKumkani bamazulu nto ihlileyo endlwini yakhe, asandula yakhiwe kwaye enuka zikhuni ngcu entsha, lyutomu umlilo. Nokuba ikhandlela amanqugwala wawisa, okanye ember bummed ngaphandle amaziko, kodwa kuphela kwabaneka ilangatye ukuze uDaniyeli Kwakunzima ukutsibela ewe ukutsala emlilweni kunye nomfazi wakhe Catherine elinambini intombi Matron.

Yaqiniswa, siye buhlungu, kodwa yintoni omele uyenze - ukuthanda kukaThixo. Thina afihla amaxhoba komlilo phambi kwexesha abantu abalungileyo. Kwaye ke, ngobunye ubusuku, sahlangatyezwa sisicakazana Matrona yena ukumkanikazi wezulu, kwaye wenza ukuba uye kuloo ndawo apho endlwini wabo wema, nalapho ukufumana naye ngendlela enyanisekileyo, sifihlwe phantsi imfumba eluthuthwini. intombazana oneentloni, kodwa umbono lowo ebekho kuye kwakhona. Ke kukoyika okukhulu oxele yonke kunina, kwaye iphume ingxamile ngqo ukuya uBhishophu Kazan kaYeremiya.

Ukufunyanwa kwe icon ngokungummangaliso

Shepherd kaThixo awasabela ngayo ibali lakhe ngako konke ukungafihlisi, yaye ngoko nangoko wakhokela abefundisi ibandla kunye nemithandazo kunye life bahamba Catherine kwi eluthuthwini. Ixesha elide ukuba ngalo ziimfumba ash kunye avuthayo, de ekugqibeleni, ezandleni intombi UCatherine xa Matrona nga icon enye, nto leyo ekhokelele ukuba ukumkanikazi wezulu. Omkhulu uvuyo kunye mini, loo ndawo yonqulo wafuduselwa ibandla St Nicholas wayemi kufuphi Tula.

Isigodlo, owazalwa isiluleko geqe

Kwathi 1479, oko kukuthi, xa geqe Ivan Vasilyevich (Grozny). Ukuba ndithetha inyaniso, nangona ukumkani Feb, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha kuba ngumzekelo yokuhlonela. eli xesha, Found ngaphandle malunga icon ngokungummangaliso kwathi ke wafunyanwa, wayalela ukuba abeke kwindawo enye icawa, njengoko uya kuba ukulungele amalungiselelo ecaleni eMonastri abafazi walo noonongendi ngomthandazo bedumisa inceba sa ukumkanikazi wezulu. Ngoko ke, isiluleko geqe yasekwa Kazan uMama kaThixo sigodlo, eyathi tonsured kunye UKaterina yena nentombi yakhe Matrona, xa monasticism eseliganiwe amaSilamsi. Ngoko ke uNdikhoyo vouchsafed kamva baba abbess le weemonki.

Ngubani wanyukela etroneni emva kokufa kukayise wakhe umlawuli omtsha Fyodor Ivanovich, kanye uyise, waba ububele woonongendi entsha waza wayalela ukuba ukwakha kuyo ecaweni ilitye kukhunjulwa ummangaliso kubonakaliswa apha. Njengoko elunxwemeni iVolga, kunye umthetho lwasebukhosini ngeniso kunye nemali ukusetyenziswa kwayo, umsebenzi uqalile, yaye kamva akukho ngaphezu konyaka wenyukela ezulwini, iindonga zetempile lwehashe imbeko imbonakalo Kazan Icon ye nguMama kaThixo. Kuwo, wasiwa ngokusesikweni ukusuka iicawa omdala omncinane ngamaplanga.

iziko oluya

Ngenxa yokuba kungekudala ukuba kwakukuninzi ubungqina imimangaliso, ziyabonakalaliswa imithandazo phambi icon ye nguMama kaThixo, iNtombi Monastery (Kazan) ngokukhawuleza yaba yindawo jikelele oluya. Kulo lonke Russia ababehlanganisene kuyo, yaye maxa wambi bahamba iwaka neekhilomitha abahambi. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba akukho ikhandlela, nkqu puds, kufuneka ukumkanikazi wezulu, kunye nemeko zabasebenzi womntu waphuma Orthodox ahambe baqubude kumfanekiso wakhe.

Loo pylili kwiindlela umtya olungenasiphelo Rus abasemzini ngokuzithandela, ndisiya apho Kazan Virgin Monastery. Asiyeki okanye ebandayo yasebusika okanye ehlotyeni ubushushu. Ingakumbi uzama ukugcina up ngoNovemba 4, xa uSuku ke yabhiyozelwa icon ye Lady Lwethu Kazan. Kule holide nabasemzini ndleko ehamba amawaka.

Isondlo Monastery yasebukhosini

Kazan Virgin Monastery yaye batyelela amalungu endlu sigqibo. Abaninzi kubo, ehamba ecaleni iVolga, kwafuneka njengoko umsebenzi wabo kubalulekile ukunqula umfanekiso ungowokubongwa Virgin, igcinwa ezindongeni woonongendi. Hi ndlela leyi, ulwazi nomdla, njengoko apho mali lesixeko ngaloo minyaka nge-70%, liqulethe inzuzo ngeendleko Ukunyathela zonqulo ezininzi kubanjelwa woonongendi, kunye uhambo abaninzi.

Ingakumbi ekhumbulekayo ukutyelela abantu weemonki ababini olawulayo. Ngentwasahlobo yowe-1722, ndatyelela umlawuli uPetros Mna, kwaye ngo-1767 iNtombi Monastery (Kazan) wawongwa bubukho uCatherine II. Mother uKumkanikazi wanikela ukuhombisa imifanekiso ezingcwele ungowokubongwa Virgin kunye loMsindisi isithsaba ledayimani elixabisekileyo akezi phantsi kuthi, yaye nobutyobo batshoniswe olwandle zeziganeko yawo kwinkulungwane XX.

Le Pugachevshchina umlilo

Kule mihla xa kweenxweme iVolga zaye siyadlula pugachovskogo ngomlilo uphakamo, woonongendi waba kuphela lingqina kodwa nokuthatha unwitting kwiziganeko ezinkulu. abahlali Kazan wazama ukufumana phakathi kweendonga zayo asindiswe ukusuka mome wamagazi abo bavukeli, kodwa ndabulaleka.

Enye iiyunithi atyhoboza, angena kulo woonongendi, bawagqogqa of noonongendi zakhe, zibekwe zokudubula yakhe, apho kwaqhutywa emlilweni kwi yesicelo. Kunika umdla ukuqaphela ukuba, nangona uburheletyo yayo yonke, abo bavukeli abazange angamchukumisi nayiphi icon ngokungummangaliso okanye yomhombiso wakhe. inkundla lwasemhlabeni, Abankwantyanga, naphambi waseZulwini nangoku ingcangcazele.

Bookmark isonto entsha

Old Kazan Cathedral, apho kangangeenkulungwane ezimbini abagcina icon ngokungummangaliso ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XVIII yi ezidilikileyo kakhulu yaye ngenxa yokuba iKomishini iye yayiqwalasela bokwakha unrepairable yayo, wachithwa. Ukuze enze lo ilahleko kwindawo enye 1796 phambi loMlawuli noPawulos, unyana wakhe Alexander - ophumeleleyo elizayo uNapoleon, yaye unyana wesibini ka Constantine yasekwa ngokusesikweni a yecawa entsha.

Umbhali eyilwe, lwenziwa ngendlela zakudala, iye yaba odumileyo St. Petersburg umakhi IE An ubudala, owaba dumile eSt Petersburg for ngemisebenzi yayo ezifana noBathathu Emnye Cathedral ye-Alexander Nevsky Monastery, Prince Vladimir Cathedral, Tauride Palace kunye nenani nezinye izakhiwo yinzwakazi.

isigodlo nokuchuma kwekhulu Last

Emva koko ke leminyaka XIX elandelayo yaba lixesha lokwakha ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, ngexesha apho Virgin Monastery (Kazan) iye yatshintsha ngaphaya ingqalelo. Ekuqaleni kuka-Nomalizo zendlu amanene Musin-Pushkin okwamiswa Nozipho Cathedral, kwaye ziphuhliswe kungekudala kwaye iphumeze lo msebenzi ube ngokutsha epheleleyo woonongendi, leyo ukusebenzisa de phantse ekupheleni kwenkulungwane.

It sachithwa ezidilikileyo ngokupheleleyo ngexesha kwesakhiwo zindala woonongendi - St Nicholas Tula ecaweni sakhiwe lithile ngokwemiyalelo Ivana Groznogo. Endaweni yayo wakha ibandla efudumeleyo elitsha, apho uye ukususela zigcinwe ngexesha lasebusika icon ngokungummangaliso. Sakhiwe ngokuba kwigumbi umphathi, yaye apho afumaneka noonongendi cell. Kwikota yokugqibela yenkulungwane kwi kummandla woonongendi kwakukho isakhiwo, ebizwa umzimba Cross oyiNgcwele. Oko kwakukho itempile wokuwonga elaa yokuphakanyiswa of the Holy Cross, lo sacristy, refectory, isikolo yokudweba, nto leyo enegwele, isonka kunye ezahlukeneyo kwizakhiwo zoshishino.

ezingcwele Omhlaba

Ekupheleni kukaJuni 1904, eRashiya yazanyazanyiswa yi iindaba ezimbi: abahlaseli wabo wangena busuku Virgin Monastery (Kazan), ukubiwa ukusuka wakhe etempileni amanqugwala ekhaya - i Kazan Icon ye nguMama kaThixo. Ukukhangela abenzi bobubi afakelwe abaphandi kakhulu kwilizwe lethu, ngokuba kwaba phose kwada nanto ezingcwele, wabizelwa kwibutho a ekuvakaleni kwelizwi ngokubanzi.

Amasela babanjwa, kodwa icon abazange babe. Ngaphezu koko, akukho lobungqina babo, ngenxa yokuba uphando kwakungafuneki bathobe- engaziwa apho. Bayahlelwa elandelayo ye-icon kuhlala imfihlelo unanamhla.

Kodwa usizi wehlelwa weemonki zange ukunciphisa inani nabasemzini abafuna ngayo, ngakumbi kwi-ngemini Kazan Icon ye nguMama kaThixo. Xa engekho kwimifanekiso eqingqiweyo, abantu baya kunqula ubuncinane kwindawo kanye wahlala. Kulo ecaweni enye, okanye mandithi xa emhadini wakhe, kuloo ndawo apho kwake-wafumana umfanekiso ngokungummangaliso, ibandla komhlaba wokuwonga elaa isikhumbuzo i Romanov ubukhosi trohsotletnego yalungiswa 1913. Iimali indalo yayo wanikela Grand neTshawekazi laseYork bashiya Elizabeth Feodorovna - udade uKumkanikazi.

ixesha lobunzima

Emva Oktobha 1917 woonongendi bawa efanayo zonke iingxaki njengoko kwezinye woonongendi wakhathazeka Russian. Inxalenye yesakhiwo Ngokukhawuleza athatyathwe oodade kwaye ibekwe yokulahla omnye iiyunithi zomkhosi. Kule eko emva kwexesha imeko aya engaboni kakuhle kakhulu ngenxa yokuba woonongendi ekugqibeleni ivaliwe, kwaye uninzi ndawo yayisetyenziswa njengendawo ihostele labafundi beekholeji ze zokufundisa.

Ootitshala elizayo kunye nootitshala eyenzelwe 'ukuba ahlwayele nengqiqo, elungileyo, obungunaphakade ", wakhokela woonongendi kwi ukuba mbi. Nditsho hlokondiba lasendle pugachovskaya ayibangelwa ehlala hlupheka. ootitshala abaselula wazidiliza iingcango neefestile, esaphula headstones yimbali watshiswa ngomthi ngezinyuko kunye ookunyelisa.

Ithuba intsimi weemonki ukuba isetyenziselwe arhente zokuthengwa yokugcina, yaye emva koko yadluliselwa kulwakhiwo a studio ifilimu. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, oko sachithwa izakhiwo imbali eziliqela. On top of lo Kazan Cathedral yasha, kwadalwa yi le ngqondi Russian IE Starova. Kunye nezinye izifo ezininzi nazo woonongendi ebudeni beminyaka yemvukelo.

Elitsha elisekiweyo Monastery e Kazan

indlela nzima ukuvuselelwa woonongendi yaqala ngo-1993, xa yosisi sendawo wasiwa Gate Sofia ibandla, eyakhiwa ngenkulungwane XIX. Emva labuyela kuye kubanini bayo kunye nabanye yasinda ngokungummangaliso, kodwa walahlekelwa imbonakalo endala lwezakhiwo. It senze umsebenzi kunzima yaye kuziindleko ukubuyisela kubo.

ngokuphila emishini emva kweendonga yamandulo ngo-2005. Ngesisombululo Sinodi oyiNgcwele, woonongendi leyo, wayephilise, kodwa abantu. Ke Kazan Virgin weemonki bafumana esinye isiganeko yovuyo. Kufika kuloo mzi, uMphathi eMoscow All Russia Alexy II ezinikelwe woonongendi kunye noluhlu ubenolwazi ekuqaleni XX kwinkulungwane i icon ngokungummangaliso i-Virgin. Okokuqala ukuba igcinwe eVatican yaye yanikwa kwiCawa yobuOthodoki yaseRashiya yi Pope buqu. Namhlanje nguye abuyiselwe Holy Cross Church kunye weemonki yangoku.

Namhlanje, nabazalwana woonongendi, nto leyo ikhokelwe umphathi Mark (Vilna), zisencinci kakhulu kwaye ibandakanya abantu abasibhozo kuphela. Ezintandathu kubo babe hieromonk, okt neemonki, umiselwa ukuba kobubingeleli ngaloo ukufumana amalungelo okwenza imimiselo. Ezimbini nangaphezulu - hierodeacon. It amadikoni, kodwa ngokungafaniyo kunezixhobo besive abefundisi abaqhelekileyo, wathabatha izibhambathiso emishini.

Nangona ookhansila omncinane, Kazan Virgin yoonongendi e Kazan, idilesi yayo ngu: str. Big Red, 5, kokuvulwa ukubaluleka njengeziko ebalulekileyo zokomoya. main amanqugwala yakhe i "Vatican" uluhlu lwe icon ezibiweyo, oko okhankanywe ngasentla. Ukongeza, ooAshera zicacile kwaye ngokungummangaliso sigcinwe emva kweminyaka yokudodobala amathathu yokungabi itempile ekhoyo emishini.