Uzwilakhe National hero Juan Peron: engobomi, imisebenzi kunye namanqaku anika umdla

Intloko elizayo Argentina kaThixo Juan Peron wazalwa ngo-Oktobha 8, 1895 e Buenos Ayrose kwintsapho ngomvuzo avareji. Xa kwasebuncinaneni bakhe, wangena akhademi emkhosini. Kuyinto ngenxa umkhosi Peron waqalisa umsebenzi wakhe wezopolitiko.

kwiminyaka yokuqala

Juan Peron waba indlela olunameva kakhulu uzuko. Ngowe-1936-1938 gg. Yena waba attaché kwezomkhosi Embassy of Argentina e Chile. Bandula beza kuthuthelwa Italy. Apho Peron waqalisa ukuba bafunde isayensi emkhosini ezintabeni. Argentina lichithe zesiqingatha sonyaka kwiYunivesithi eTurin. Peron Juan Domingo wabuyela kwilizwe lakhe ngowe-1941.

Nangona Argentina linengxaki zoqoqosho ezinzima. Kukho walawula ngezikhondo zentlalo, uluntu walahlekelwa zinga ngamandla. Phantsi kwezi meko yaba lika mmangalelwa emkhosini. NgoJuni 4, 1943 avuselela abahlali Buenos Aires baye bafunda ukuba amajoni ekampini bayirhawula isihlalo sikarhulumente kwaye owayesakuba ngumongameli noRamon Castillo wabaleka kwicala lumbi.

Endleleni eya amandla

Peron wayengomnye abaququzeleli mbho- ngo-1943. Xa wayesele sikhulu, kodwa akazange kwahluka kwaziwa ngokubanzi phakathi iindimbane. Emva ukubhukuqwa nguRhulumente wangaphambili Juan Peron waba uMphathiswa weSebe Lemicimbi Yabasebenzi. Xa post yakhe, yena inxaxheba ibiba neemanyano zabasebenzi sele ezikhoyo kwaye wenze amatsha kumacandelo apho azikho. Lo mntu umqalisi umthetho kwi "labour fair" kunye nezinye izinto eziluyilo ezithandwayo.

Iintsika ezingundoqo wenkxaso ye Peron baba radicals, wezaBasebenzi Church. Kwakhona yinxalenye kwakhe sympathized kunye bezwe. Ekupheleni 1945, uJuan Domingo Peron wangena ugqatso kamongameli. kokoyisa kwakhe wanceda inkqubo nolungafanelekanga ekuhlaleni inkcaso bamandla akhe. Peron ngokwakhe lakhanya iintetho eqaqambileyo ngaphandle ibhatyi, apho wabongoza ukwakha ukunceda amahlwempu kwaye kuthatha amanyathelo kuqoqosho karhulumente. Ke kuthwelwe le amathemba Argentina omtsha - ilizwe eliye ungandivumeli kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi II waza waba yindawo kubasebenzi abaninzi yaseYurophu.

Inkokeli entsha kazwelonke

Isikhundla UMongameli Juan Peron weza ngoJuni 4, 1946, yaye ngowe-1952 uphinde wonyulwa ukuba ikota yesibini. Umongameli omtsha wakha othambekele nokwanela kunye nenkqubo yezoqoqosho. Xa waqala phantsi kwesizwe kwamashishini basemzini-owned. Ngelo xesha, Argentina aza kwamanye amazwe imveliso (ezepapa ikakhulu kunye oli) kwi-Europe eyayibhuqwe yimfazwe.

Njengoko wathembisa Juan Peron, iqhawe lesizwe, uzwilakhe yenze lukhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuba urhulumente waqalisa ukuba angenelele kwezoqoqosho apho phambi kokuba umdlalo kakhulu babaluleke. Okokuqala onke amandla uthathe ulawulo zonke iziporo, igesi kunye nombane. Ngokuphawulekayo landa inani nabasebenzi bakarhulumente. Waqala ikhankasela ngolawulo amaxabiso (amaxabiso kuphakamisa kohlwaywa oosomashishini inkxaso kumacandelo ngamnye). ikhondo lwezoqoqosho nopolitiko Argentina ngoxa Peron wabizwa ngokuba "Peronism".

kwamaphupho

Kanye ngamandla, Peron wayekholelwa ukuba kungekudala eUnited States eSoviet Union ziza kuyikhulula imfazwe yehlabathi wesithathu. Loo ingxabano kwakhona kuya kuzisa inzuzo Argentina, imfuno yempahla eziye zakhula kuphela. Ngowe-1950 uqale yaseKorea kweMfazwe, kunye Peron kumanqaku bakhe esipapashwe kwiphephandaba "Democracy", waprofeta ukuba uya kukhula ehlabathini. UMongameli engalunganga.

Ingxaki kukuba imigaqo ezinzima zoqoqosho Peron nako ukuthwala isiqhamo ngonaphakade. Autarky waba yimpumelelo kuphela njengenyathelo lenguqu. Ngoku Argentina kwakufuneka into entsha. ithemba Second Peron, ukongeza kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, kwaba ukuvela koohlohlesakhe yesizwe ezinamandla. Ukuba akwazi ukwenza amashishini amatsha nemisebenzi ukuba musa ukuba inkxaso-mali karhulumente. wabonakala olunjalo ngoohlohlesakhe bezindlu zasebukhosini nababenemihlaba olomeleleyo Argentina. Oosomashishini ukuba ayiveze, batsho boyika ukuba utyalo imveliso entsha wazama ukuhlala kwiindawo zemveli uqoqosho lwelizwe.

kwekota yesibini

Ukungaphumeleli nethemba Peron kwiimeko zorhwebo kukhokelele kwinto yokuba lonke ilizwe lakhe lokuqala elide nje wawugqiba imali luyagcinwa luze afunyenwe enzima iminyaka yakhe post-imfazwe. Emva kwakhe kwakhona unyulo ukuya intloko entsha iminyaka emithandathu karhulumente isigqibo sokutshintsha ipolisi. Ngelo xesha, iimpawu zokuqala kwintlekele yoqoqosho, umzekelo, liye iipeso devalued. Ukongeza, ngo-1951-1952 gg. imbalela bahlasela lizwe, utshabalalisa kakhulu isityalo sengqolowa.

Ngexesha yakhe yokuqala njengomongameli Juan Domingo Peron - ithemba Argentina ukuba uninzi lwabantu kunye yinkokheli yesizwe - akazange athandabuze ukuba ube ngumlawuli ngegqudu ababesilwa ne okukhulayo. Inyathelo lokuqala kweli cala ngo-1948 yaba ukuqotywa abagwebi kwiNkundla Ephakamileyo, apho iintlawulo ezopolitiko. Ke Peron laqalisa ngokutsha kwe-siseko. Umthetho entsha engundoqo eli lizwe, badlula ngo-1949, ukuba umongameli ukuba reelected ikota yesibini.

angaphandle

Kwiqonga lelizwe jikelele , uMongameli Argentina eqwengwe phakathi kwamagunya amakhulu amabini - i-US kunye USSR. Namhlanje, kukholelwa ukuba ungumhambeli phambili mihla intshukumo non elungelelaniswe- yaba "Indlela yesithathu", emkhethileyo Juan Peron. Biography benkokeli zesizwe, njengoko kuchaziwe apha ngasentla, iye yahlanganiswa kunye Europe. Wayefuna ukuba ukuthetha ngokulinganayo eUnited States (kule minyaka yokuqala emva kwemfazwe, Argentina ulelinye lamazwe anoqoqosho ezinkulu ehlabathini). Ngenxa yoko, Perón zisahlukanise esidlangalaleni wazikhuphulula kwezo kwamazwe amabini.

Argentina akazange athelele International Monetary Fund kunye neminye imibutho efanayo. Kwangaxeshanye, oonozakuzaku zalo phantse lonke wavota kwi UN kwakunye eUnited States. Ngeendlela ezininzi, le "Indlela yesithathu" yaba ubuciko kuphela kunokuba nkqubo yinxalenye.

Ekuqaleni ekupheleni

Ngowe-1953, ebudeni omnye inkangeleko yakhe kawonke Peron e Buenos Aires, kwakukho udubulo eziliqela. Ukuphendula le ukuhlaselwa kwaqala behlasela zamapolisa. Power yathatha ithuba ngothanda phantsi nenkcaso (Conservative, Socialist kunye namanye amaqela). Kungekudala, eli lizwe yaqalisa ugwayimbo lwabasebenzi. Peronists baye bazama ukuwafihla izibakala yombhodamo. iphephandaba ezilawulwayo akazange avumele ukuba namazwi ukuthatha indawo zaqalwa lonke.

Impixano nebandla

Ekupheleni kuka-1954, Peron wenza mhlawumbi impazamo yakhe ephambili. Wenza intetho apho wayetyhola Argentina Catholic Church kukuba iye yaba yayiliziko inkcaso impembelelo, ekufuneka Umzamo. Siqale nentshutshiso lokuqala yonqulo.

Ekuqaleni, ibandla uzamile ukuba aphendule ukuhlasela Peron. Noko ke, emva kokuba intetho yakhe kwi-ndaba wajika iphulo nanto anti-kamabhalana. Ngenxa yoko, ibandla waqala ngokwenene yokuhlanganisa inkcaso. umngcelele zenkonzo ibuye ibe umboniso enengxolo yezopolitiko. Abasemagunyeni baqala ukuthatha imithetho anti-zoomabhalana (Ukutshitshiswa izifundo ekunyanzelekileyo kwizikolo zamaKatolika, njalo njalo. D.).

ubukuqo-mbuso

Njengoko nasekugqajukelweni zomkhosi ilizwi lakhe wagqiba ukutsho. Abayithandi le nkqubo, nto leyo lwenziwa yi Juan Domingo Peron. Biography of the President, akukho nokuba edume phambi yayingekho, ayikwazanga izaba iimpazamo zakhe ezintsha. Eli lilinge lokuqala yenzekile Juni 16, 1955. Navy moya ATM i Plaza de Mayo, apho bekumele ukuba Peron. Abaququzeleli zawahlasela zazingalunganga. Amakhulu abantu abamsulwa bebulawa yi iziqhushumbisi. Ngaloo mini, Buenos Aires lifumanise ukuba siphinde kwamaJuda zonqulo.

September 16 ndakhuliswa imvukelo e Cordoba. Bayazoyika (okanye awufuni igazi) Perón wazimela nonozakuzaku eParaguay. Kubonakala ulawulo obungenakutshatyalaliswa lwalusiwa kwiintsuku nje ezimbalwa. Ezo ziganeko babizwa e Argentina "Liberation Revolution". UMongameli Jikelele Eduardo Lonardi.

Buyela amandla

Emva mdibi, Peron wakwazi ukuba ukufudukela kwelinye ilizwe. Wazinza eSpeyin, apho wayehlala phantse amabini eminyaka. Ngeli xesha, Argentina ephindwe eziliqela itshintshe kwezopolitiko. Enye urhulumente endaweni enye, kodwa okwangoku qho ngonyaka phakathi izihlwele bakhula nostalgic imihla peronovskim endala. Ilizwe wabandezeleka evela iintshukumo yabanqolobi, yaye yayisecicini ekungafuneki.

Ukwenza evela phesheya, Perón kwi 1970 yokuqala yaseka "Hustisialistsky Liberation Front" - intshukumo, leyo wajoyina i Peronists kanye isizwe, abo babebambelele kunye nabaxhasi le socialism. Kwi unyulo olulandelayo zikaMongameli 1973 elide-emi iqhawe lesizwe, woyisa ukudilika. Wabuya ekhaya imini ngaphambili - xa abalandeli bakhe sele zilawulwa ngurhulumente, kwaye wanyamalala ingozi zocindezelo okanye intshutshiso kwezopolitiko. Juan Peron, kwincwadi engobomi bomntu elifutshane ezahlula ilenze bazoyise, wafa ngoJulayi 1, 1974-th. ixesha lwakhe lwesithathu zange kube kanye ngonyaka.

ubomi Personal kunye namanqaku anika umdla

Kule 40 kungabikho ngaphantsi ezithandwayo phakathi kwabantu, njengoko kuthelekiswa yinkokheli yesizwe, wasebenzisa umfazi wakhe Eva (okanye Evita). Yena wakhokela lwabaseTyhini Peronist party. Ngowe-1949, abafazi Argentina ndizuze ilungelo lokuvota. UJuan Evita Peron wayesazi ukuba ukubiza indlela iintetho lomlilo ekhokelele abaxhasi Peronism e Uthabatheke phantse zonqulo. eneneni Foundation Accounting kamongameli wenza imisebenzi Ministry of Social Development. Eva Peron wafa ngowe-1952 eneminyaka engama-33. Unobangela lokufa kwakhe yaba umhlaza wesibeleko.

Eva waye umfazi wesibini ka Peron. Umfazi wakhe wokuqala, Aurelia wafa ngo-1938. Ixesha lesithathu Peron wadlala yomtshato 1961. abathutha ekhethiweyo ekudlalelwa waba Isabel. Xa ipolisi endala ngowe-1973 kwakhona wabaleka ukuba ngumongameli, umfazi wakhe waya zokuvota njengoko likamongameli. Emva kokufa Peron elo wathabatha isithuba esingenamntu. Umfazi wahlala ngamandla ixesha elide. ngaphantsi kweminyaka emibini kamva, Matshi 24, 1976 umkhosi wenza esinye mbho- neyabhukuqa Isabel. Iinjengele wamthumela eSpeyin. umfazi Kukho oneminyaka engama-85 ubudala uhlala unanamhla.