UYusuf Balasaguni: i-biography emfutshane kunye nelifa lemveli

UYusuf Balasaguni (iminyaka eyi-1020 (malunga) - 1075) ngumlobi ongumTurkki owaziwayo. Eli nqaku liya kunikwa kwi-biography. Yintoni esinokuyayazi ngendoda eyayiphila kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinanye? Izazi-mlando kufuneka ziqokelele ngokucacileyo ulwazi malunga naye. Malunga neminyaka yokuqala yombono nombongi ongekho jikelele uyaziwa. Kodwa kweli nqaku siza kubhala yonke inkcazelo ekhoyo kubaphandi balo msebenzi wefilosofi kuze kube yimhla.

UYusuf Balasaguni: i-biography efutshane

Ifilosofi yexesha elizayo, imbongi kunye ne-encyclopedist yazalwa ngexesha elide le-1016-1020. Esixekweni saseBalasaguna. Emva koko yayiyinkunzi yelizwe laseKarakhanid. Ngendlela, isixeko sikhona yaye ngoku sikummandla weRiphabhliki yanamhlanje yaseKyrgyzstan. Kodwa i-Balasagun yayikuphi na? Iingcali zenzululwazi zikholelwa ukuba le iTokmak yamanxweme kwinqanaba laseChu, okanye likwindawo yaseZhambyl, kwiindawo eziphezulu zeAktobe. I-capital of state Karakhanid ithande abenzi bezakhono kunye nabafundi abavela kwezinye iindawo eMbindi Mpuma. Kukho uluvo lokuba abazali bakaYusuf Balasaguni babephumelele. Mhlawumbi wavela kwiklasi yomrhwebi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba yiyiphi, uYusuf Balasaguni, olwabiwo, ngelishwa, lugcwele iindawo ezingenanto, wanikwa imfundo ebalulekileyo. Wayethetha kakuhle isiArabhu neFarsi. Imithombo idla ngokuba nguYusuf Khas Hajib. Oku akuyiyo ifani, kodwa isihloko. Kuthetha "umfundisi wenkundla yomlawuli". Esi sihloko sodumo sanikwa umlobi nguTsar Kashgar, xa wazisa kuye umsebenzi wobomi bakhe "Kutadgu bilig". UBalasguni wafa ngo-1074 okanye ngo-1075. Wangcwatywa eKashgar.

"Inzululwazi Yolonwabo", okanye "Ulwazi Lobubele"

Kuyaziwa ukuba uYusuf Balasaguni wabhala imisebenzi eminingi yeempondlo. Ngelishwa, yodwa yemisebenzi yakhe epheleleyo isifinyelele. "Kutadgu bilig" inokuguqulelwa ngokuthi "Ulwazi loBusiso" okanye "iNzululwazi malunga nendlela yokonwaba". Umbhalo wesandla ogqwesileyo ngakumbi wale mbongo ugcinwa e-Uzbekistan, kwi-Institute of Oriental Studies kwi-Academy of Sciences. Ingqungquthela ethi "Ulwazi loBusiso" luhlulwe libe ngamawaka amathandathu amahlanu anamanci mabini anesibini, kwaye ezo, ngokwazo, zahlula zibe ngama-85 izahluko. Umbhali wabhala ezongezelelweyo ezongezelelweyo ezintathu, eziqulethe izahlulo ezintathu kunye nekhulu elinamanci mabini anesine. Luhlobo luni lomsebenzi lo "Kutadgu bilig"? Nangona into yokuba umsebenzi wenziwe ngolu hlobo lwembongo, lukwahluke ngokuziqhelanisa nokuziphatha. Abaphandi abaninzi bacinga ukuba "iNzululwazi Yolonwabo" yintetho yefilosofi, kuba kukho iindawo ezininzi ezibonakalisa intsingiselo nokubaluleka kobukho babantu, ngobudlelwane phakathi komntu kunye noluntu.

Machivelli yesiTurkic?

Asinakulibala ukuba uYusuf Balasaguni wabhala umsebenzi wakhe "Kutadgu bilig" kumlawuli waseKashgar. Kwaye oku kusenza sikwazi ukulandelelana ne-Treatment "Emperor", ebhaliwe ngumcebisi we-Italy Renaissance Niccolo Machiavelli. Wayekela umsebenzi wakhe kumlawuli kunye nomsindisi waseRoma Cesare Borgia. Kodwa, ngokungafani noMacavelli, osifundisa ukuba sijoyine imibutho kwaye siwaphule, sinenkxalabo malunga nentlalo yethu yezopolitiko kunabantu, umsebenzi kaYusuf Balasaguni uthetha ngenye into. Ifilosofi yexesha elide ibeka phambili iimfuno zakhe kumlawuli. Kufuneka afundiswe, aqonde i-science kunye nobugcisa, alwela ulwazi kunye nobulungisa, anakekele izifundo zabo. Kungatsholwa ukuba imbongo ethi "Kutadgu bilig" ingathathwa ngokufanelekileyo njengomthombo obalulekileyo wokufunda iTurkic statehood.

Yusuf Balasaguny - encyclopedist

"Ulwazi loBusiso" alukho nje inkondlo enhle kunye nezopolitiko. Lo msebenzi abaninzi abaphandi bokudala uYusuf Balasaguni babiza i-encyclopedia yokuqala ngolwimi lwesiTurkey. Enyanisweni, "Ulwazi loBusiso" luqulethe ubungakanani bobuninzi bezobhali kunye neengcamango ezikhoyo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zenkcubeko nezenzululwazi. Kulo msebenzi izinto ezisemgangathweni zengqondo yenzululwazi yekhulu leshumi elinanye ziveliswa. Umbhali akanakunqikazi ukuveza isikhundla sakhe ebomini. Sibona kwintsebenzo yefilosofi yokuchazwa kweengxaki zehlabathi. Esi sihlandlo somntu, kunye nenjongo yobomi bakhe, indawo kunye nendima kwindalo kunye nommandla wendalo. Kungathiwa kwincwadi ye-encyclopaedic kaBalasaguni "Kutadgu bilig" inkqubo epheleleyo yolwazi kokubili isicwangciso sefilosofi kunye nesicwangciso sobuchule kunye nesicwangciso sokuziphatha seqokelelwe. Lo msebenzi yinkcubeko yeli xesha.

Igalelo kwiincwadi

Ukongezelela kumsebenzi we-encyclopedic, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba imbongo yabhalwa ngolwimi olunye lwesizwe saseTurkey. Kwiphepha layo sifumana imizekelo ebalulekileyo yerektri yeli qela lobuhlanga. Isibizo apho uYusuf Balasaguni wabhala khona isibongo sakhe esingapheliyo esithi "Kutadgu bilig" saba sisiseko, ingundoqo ekudalweni kolwimi lwesi-Uzbek namhlanje.

Uzuko lwehlabathi

Ngethuba lobomi bombhali, umsebenzi wakhe "Inzululwazi Yolonwabo" wamukelwa. Akunjalo kuphela umlawuli waseKashgar. UBalasaguni uqobo lwakhe uchaza ngokubanzi ngokubanzi kweso sicelo. Isihloko sikaKhas Hajib samhlonela saba igama lakhe lesibili. Umbhali ubhala ukuba e-Iran umsebenzi wakhe ubizwa ngokuba ngu "Shahnamei Turki" (oko kukuthi, iTurkey "Shahname"), kwaye abemi baseArab East babiza imbongo ethi "Kutadgu bilik" "Ukuhlobisa abalawuli" ("Zinat al-madar"). Abaphandi bathi lo msebenzi we-encyclopedic wayenempembelelo engapheliyo kwiincwadi zesiTurkey kuwo onke ama-Middle Ages ukuya kwekhulu le-14 le-15. Okwangoku, imbongo ethi "Kutadgu bilig" iguqulelwe kwiilwimi ezininzi zehlabathi. Inokufundwa kokubili isiNgesi nesiJamani. UYusuf Balasaguni ngokwakhe, esithombeni sakhe singabonwa nakwiimagazini zokuhamba, uye waba yiqhawe likazwelonke laseKyrgyzstan. Wazalelwa kulo mhlaba. Ngokomzekelo, umfanekiso wesibongo se-Uighur uhlobisa ibhanki yemali yendawo kwindawo eyiwaka.